缺血性脑卒中患者心率变异性及左室射血分数对照研究

急性缺血性脑卒中发生后常出现心功能和ECG变化,严重影响患者的预后,日益被临床所重视。本研究通过对心率变异性（Heart rate variability,HRV）及射血分数（Ejection fraction,EF）的检测,观察脑卒中后心脏自主神经功能状态及心功能的变化。     

SGLT2i在射血分数保留心力衰竭中的作用研究进展

目前针对射血分数降低心力衰竭(HFrEF)已有相对完整的指南共识,但仍缺乏射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFpEF)治疗标准的循证医学证据。近年来,新型口服降糖药物钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2i)在2型糖尿病患者心血管获益方面涌现出大量证据,多项临床试验显示其可明显降低2型糖尿病患者的心血管死亡风险和因心衰住院率,改善HFrEF预后,但对SGLT2i治疗HFpEF的作用机制及研究进展仍缺乏整体认识。本文从HFpEF的病理机制、SGLT2i的作用机制及HFpEF的相关治疗几个方面进行综述,以期为HFpEF的临床药物治疗提供参考。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压并射血分数保留心力衰竭的疗效

 目的 评价沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压并射血分数保留心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF)患者疗效及预后。方法 选取2018-01至2020-06武警新疆总队医院收治的原发性高血压合并HFpEF患者63例,随机分为试验组32例,对照组31例,试验组给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦,对照组给予缬沙坦,其他药物按指南推荐的使用,随访3个月,观察患者血压水平、NT-proBNP水平、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、射血分数(LVEF)、E/A值、纽约心功能分级及6 min步行试验改善情况。结果 随访3个月,试验组6 min步行试验距离提高优于对照组[(516.8±47.5)m vs. (425.7±68.5)m],E/A比值提高优于对照组[(0.97±0.15) vs. (0.87±0.16)],试验组NT-proBNP水平低于对照组[(2528.3±761.3)pg/ml vs. (4897.8±966.3) pg/ml];试验组心功能改善有效率为87.5%,明显高于对照组(61.2%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后,两组血压均有不同程度的降低,但治疗后两组收缩压及舒张压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); EF值、LAD、LVEDD治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦能明显提高患者6 min步行试验距离、NYHA心功能分级、E/A值,有效缓解HFpEF患者的临床症状,明显降低其NT-proBNP水平。     

达格列净对老年2型糖尿病合并射血分数保留型心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨达格列净对老年2型糖尿病(T₂DM)合并射血分数保留型心力衰竭(HFpEF)的临床疗效以及患者生命质量的影响。方法 选取锦州医科大学附属第一医院自2021年12月—2022年05月入院的200例老年T₂DM合并HFpEF患者作为样本,按照“随机抽样法”分为观察组(n=100)和对照组(n=100),两组均实施常规抗心衰治疗,同时对照组进行糖尿病常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用达格列净治疗,对比2组治疗6个月后的心功能指标及相关临床资料、再住院率及不良反应发生率。监测两组患者指标：(1)超声心动图(改良Simpson法)指标包括：二尖瓣舒张早期最大峰值流速、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期直径(LVESD)、二尖瓣舒张晚期最大峰值流速;(2)化验指标包括：N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP),空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c);(3)6分钟步行距离(6MWD);(4)采用明尼苏达心功能不全生命质量量表(MLHFQ)评价患者生命质量。监测不良反应情况...     

托伐普坦治疗超高龄射血分数保留型心力衰竭合并轻中度低钠血症患者临床疗效

目的 探讨托伐普坦治疗超高龄射血分数保留型心力衰竭(HFpEF)合并轻中度低钠血症患者的临床疗效。方法 选取自2019年10月至2022年10月北部战区总医院收治的194例超高龄HFpEF合并轻中度低钠血症患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为A组与B组,每组各97例。两组均接受常规抗心力衰竭治疗。A组采用呋塞米联合口服补钠治疗;B组采用托伐普坦治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后4 d、治疗后7 d的血压、24 h尿量、体质量、血钠(Na⁺)、血钾(K⁺)、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后7 d的左室射血分数(LVEF)。比较两组患者临床治疗的总有效率及不良反应发生情况。结果 B组治疗后4 d、治疗后7 d的Na⁺、24 h尿量均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者治疗前、治疗后4 d、治疗后7 d的体质量、收缩压、舒张压、K⁺、ALT...     

射血分数保留的心力衰竭左心室舒张功能的影像学评价

射血分数保留的心力衰竭发病率在逐年上升。准确测量左室舒张功能有利于对该病的临床评价。目前可采用超声心动图、心脏MRI(CMRI)及其他多种检查方法评价左室舒张功能,并对舒张功能的病生理机制、舒张功能障碍分级有提示作用。其中CMRI技术的作用日益突出,包括舒张期容积-时间曲线、二尖瓣血流与肺静脉血流成像、心肌标记及其他CMRI技术。     

高压氧对左心室射血分数正常的心力衰竭患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 研究高压氧对左心室射血分数(LVEF)正常的心力衰竭患者血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、内皮素(ET)和抵抗素的影响。方法 将67例左心室射血分数正常的心力衰竭患者分为高压氧组（33例）与对照组（34例）。治疗前后分别检测血浆中NO、CGRP、ET和抵抗素的水平。结果 与治疗前比较,高压氧与...     

急性前间壁心肌梗死患者心电图T波变化与左室射血分数关系探究

目的 探究急性前间壁心肌梗死患者心电图T波变化与左室射血分数（LVEF）的关系,为心肌梗死诊治提供新依据。方法 选择2020年3月至2023年4月期间我院收治的急性前间壁心肌梗死患者80例作为研究对象,依据心电图T波检查结果分为倒置组（38例）与直立组（42例）。依据早期最大倒置T波（NTmax）水平倒置组患者分组,将NTmax≥10 mm、4～10 mm、<4 mm患者分别作为深倒置T波组（11例）、中度倒置T波组（14例）、浅倒置T波组（13例）。对比直立组与倒置组患者心功能指标,统计对比直立组不同T波恢复直立时间患者LVEF水平,统计不同NTmax水平倒置组患者LVEF水平,采用Peason分析NTmax与LVEF水平。结果 倒置组患者LVEF低于直立组,左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）显著高于直立组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,2组患者左心室峰值充盈时间（LVTPFRv）对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。直立组患者不同T波恢复直立时间患者LVEF水平对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同NTmax水平倒置组...     

Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging can predict future cardiac events in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction

Objective

Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (¹²³I-MIBG) has been used to assess the function of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The usefulness of ¹²³I-MIBG imaging for evaluating patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) has not been established.

Methods

We performed ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy and echocardiography and measured the plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels of 117 consecutive HF patients (64 men, mean age 66 ± 14 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50% who were admitted to our hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.

Results

The ¹²³I-MIBG delayed heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio was significantly lower, and the washout rate (WR) was higher in patients with HFPEF with advanced NYHA functional class (NYHA functional class I and II vs. III: 1.90 ± 0.34 vs. 1.49 ± 0.32, p < 0.0001; 25.9 ± 13.4 vs. 46.9 ± 16.3%, p < 0.0001, respectively). On the other hand, the ¹²³I-MIBG WR was not correlated with LVEF and had a weak correlation with plasma BNP levels (R = 0.207, p = 0.0346). Moreover, patients with a high ¹²³I-MIBG WR showed a poor clinical outcome (p = 0.0033).

Conclusions

¹²³I-MIBG imaging provides independent prognostic information in patients with HFPEF.     

Predictors of improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction with carvedilol for congestive heart failure

BACKGROUND: Beta-blocker therapy has been reported to improve survival and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the setting of congestive heart failure (CHF). The magnitude and predictors of improved LVEF are unclear. METHODS: A total of 295 patients were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were LVEF <35% at baseline and symptomatic (New York Heart Association class II to IV) CHF despite treatment with at minimum an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Carvedilol was initiated at 3.125 mg twice daily and titrated to a target dose of 25 or 50 mg twice daily, depending on the patient's weight. Paired pretreatment baseline and 9 months with treatment follow-up quantitative LVEFs (assessed by resting radionuclide ventriculograms) were obtained in 161 (55 %) of the patients. RESULTS: LVEF improved from 25% +/- 6% at baseline to 36%+/-12% at follow-up (P<.001). Mean change in LVEF (deltaLVEF) was greater for nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) (+14.5+/-2 LVEF points) than ischemic cardiomyopathy (deltaLVEF +/- 7.6+/-10 EF points, P = .001). The deltaLVEF was > or =21 LVEF points in 30% of the NICM group versus 10% of the ischemic cardiomyopathy group. Conversely, the deltaLVEF was unchanged to minimally improved (< or =5 LVEF points) in 21% of the NICM group versus 52% of the ischemic cardiomyopathy group. Multivariable analysis identified NICM and recent onset of congestive heart failure as correlates of improved LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Carvedilol significantly improved LVEF, especially in patients with NICM and those with recent onset of CHF.     

美托洛尔对难治性正常射血分数性急性左心衰患者心功能影响的临床研究

目的探讨高选择性β1-受体阻滞剂治疗射血分数正常的难治性急性左心室衰竭的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法①纳入50例发病在24h内,首次因端坐呼吸及呼吸困难突出者而诊断为急性左心衰竭,但超声检查射血分数（LVEF）≥45%;②经标准药物治疗无效或加重,NYHA分级达到Ⅳ级心功能的患者;③监测中心静脉压、血压、心率、血氧饱和度及血气分析、肺部罗音、呼吸次数、尿量,以及临床症状;④静脉推注美托洛尔5mg后,口服美托洛尔6.25～25mg,必要时4h重复给予美托洛尔12.5～25mg口服;④给药前后每4h测量中心静脉压1次;⑤治疗前床旁心脏彩超评价心功能变化;⑥停用正性肌力强心药物。结果①NYHA心功能改善≥1级者12例（24%）,改善2级者17例（34%）,改善3级者24例（48%）,无改善者3例（6%）,院内死亡2例（4%）;平均NYHA分级改善程度为2.24±0.89级,P〈0.01,有统计学意义;②在利尿、扩血管治疗基础上加用美托洛尔治疗后收缩压下降17.16±26.70mmHg,舒张压下降12.32±18.88mmHg,心率下降48.26±20.22次/min,中心静脉压（CVP）下降7.26±4.28cmH2O,P〈0.01,有统计学意义;③治疗后CVP为11.74±3.58cmH2O,与心功能改善程度的相关系数（r）=-0.389,P〈0.01;④美托洛尔的平均剂量为76.50±40.30mg/日,剂量与CVP下降程度相关（r=0.307,P=0.03）,与心率的下降显著相关（r=0.643,P=0.000）;⑤心率的下降程度与中心静脉压下降程度具有显著相关性（r=0.435,P=0.002）。结论传统方法治疗无效的射血分数正常心力衰竭患者,在接受利尿剂、扩血管药物治疗的基础上联合β受体阻滞剂美托洛尔可以显著降低血压、心率及中心静脉压水平,尤其通过降低心率使中心静脉压水平下降更有意义,从而改善心力衰竭的临床预后。     

射血分数正常心力衰竭的超声心动图指标与中医辨证分型的相关性研究

目的:探讨射血分数正常心力衰竭(heart failure with normal ejection fraction,HFNEF)患者中医辨证分型与超声心动图指标的相关性。方法:将我院收治的118例HFNEF患者分为心气阴虚证、心肾阳虚证、气虚血瘀证、阳虚水泛证4组,对各证型的超声心动图指标及实验室指标血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)数据行统计学分析。结果:HFNEF患者各证型的年龄和心功能分级构成比差异有统计学意义,心气阴虚证、心肾阳虚证、气虚血瘀证、阳虚水泛证4组心功能呈逐渐减低趋势;各证型患者均有心脏收缩和舒张功能的异常,其中左房容积指数、二尖瓣环收缩期平均速度(s’mean)、二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度(a’mean)、舒张早期二尖瓣口血流速与二尖瓣环平均速度比(E/e’mean)和血浆B型钠尿肽差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HFNEF的中医证型与超声心动图指标及血浆BNP具有一定的相关性,超声心动图可作为中医辨证分型的客观量化指标。     

Prognostic value of serial cardiac 123I-MIBG imaging in patients with stabilized chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Many studies have shown that a one-time 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphic study during a stable period is useful for determining the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the findings from this imaging modality are well known to be improved by medical treatment for heart failure. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine whether serial 123I-MIBG scintigraphic studies represent a reliable prognostic marker for patients with CHF. METHODS: A total of 208 patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 45%) and with no cardiac events for at least 5 mo were identified on the basis of a history of decompensated acute heart failure requiring hospitalization. The delayed percentage of denervation (% denervation), delayed heart-to-mediastinum count (H/M) ratio, and washout rate (WR) were determined from the patients' 123I-MIBG images just before they left the hospital and after they had received 6 mo of treatment. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and LVEF were also determined by echocardiography at the same time points. RESULTS: Of the 208 patients, 56 experienced fatal cardiac events during the study. The mean follow-up period was 4.45 +/- 1.82 y. The baseline H/M ratio and WR; follow-up % denervation, H/M ratio, and WR; Delta-% denervation, H/M ratio, and WR; baseline LVEF; follow-up LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF; and Delta-LVEDV, Delta-LVESV, and Delta-LVEF were significantly worse in the cardiac death group. A Cox regression analysis showed that the Delta-WR was an independent predictor of cardiac death. Moreover, sudden death occurred in 13 of the 56 patients with cardiac death. A Cox regression analysis also showed that the Delta-WR was an incremental predictor of sudden death. The cardiac death-free rate and sudden death-free rate were significantly higher in patients with Delta-WR less than -5% and Delta-WR less than -2% than in patients with Delta-WR greater than or equal to -5% and Delta-WR greater than or equal to -2%. CONCLUSION: Delta-WR obtained from serial 123I-MIBG scintigraphic studies can be useful for predicting cardiac death and sudden death in stabilized patients with CHF.