灵芝孢子粉化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测分析

灵芝孢子粉是灵芝的生殖细胞，包含灵芝所有的化学成分，主要含有灵芝三萜类、多糖类、甾体类、脂肪酸类和蛋白质类等多种化合物。灵芝孢子粉具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化、保护心血管、保肝护肝等药理作用。《中国药典》2020年版对灵芝孢子粉的质量控制标准尚未明确规定，就灵芝孢子粉化学成分和药理作用研究进展进行综述，并基于质量标志物（quality marker，Q-Marker）理论，从植物亲缘性与特有性、有效性、可测性、临床应用、可入血成分等方面进行Q-Marker预测分析，初步推测多糖类、灵芝酸、甾醇类（麦角甾醇）、不饱和脂肪酸（油酸）等成分为其Q-Marker，为规范灵芝孢子粉质量研究和建立、完善灵芝孢子粉质量标准提供参考。     

猴头菌醇提浸膏和水提浸膏甾醇类化合物的比较研究

目的 :研究猴头菌甾醇类化合物 ,探讨醇提和水提浸膏疗效差异的药化基础。方法 :利用GC-MS方法对猴头菌甾醇类物质组成进行分析 ,并采用气相色谱、反相HPLC及其他生化分析手段比较了猴头菌及其 2种方法提取物的成分。结果 :醇提浸膏较水提浸膏在粗多糖、水溶性蛋白、脂肪酸方面没有明显优势 ,但醇提与水提浸膏在甾醇类物质含量上存在显著差异。在猴头菌丝体中存在含量较高的不同双键形式的麦角甾醇类化合物、β谷甾醇和 4个双键的C₂₈甾醇化合物。结论 :猴头菌甾醇类化合物主要存在于醇提浸膏中 ,其中麦角甾醇含量最高。同时首次发现猴头菌含有麦角甾 8(14) 烯 3β-醇、β-谷甾醇和 4个双键的C₂₈甾醇化合物。     

对灵芝未成熟和成熟的鹿角型子实体的化学和生物评价

从灵芝中分离得到的具有高氧合性和生物活性的羊毛甾烷型三萜显示细胞毒作用。从其水溶性部分分得的多糖和糖蛋白具有抗肿瘤和免疫调节活性。本次比较了灵芝的未成熟和成熟的鹿角型子实体水溶性部分在体内外对LLC细胞的抗肿瘤作用，确定了二者三萜和多糖类的成分和组成。     

藜芦甾体生物碱抗肿瘤活性研究进展

百合科（Liliaceae）藜芦属（Veratrum）植物的化学成分包括甾体生物碱类、二苯乙烯类、黄酮类、二肽类及其它类化合物，其中甾体生物碱是其主要活性成分。近年来，其抗肿瘤活性得到了广泛的关注和研究。本文综述了近10年来分离得到的新异甾体生物碱，及在化合物单体层面的抗肿瘤活性研究，包括在细胞水平上的抗肿瘤活性筛选、化合物结构修饰、构效关系及作用机制等，并结合蒙药藜芦“泻痞”应用的文献研究，提出了其中甾体生物碱可能是其抗肿瘤药效物质基础。该文献研究为藜芦甾体生物碱的抗肿瘤作用提供研究思路，并为蒙药藜芦抗肿瘤制剂的开发提供参考。     

冬虫夏草药理学作用的研究进展

冬虫夏草是中国的一种传统名贵中药,富含了虫草多糖、虫草素、虫草酸、虫草多肽、麦角甾醇等多种单体活性成分。现代医学发现其具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化、对肾脏的保护作用等广泛的药理学功能。目前的研究已证实冬虫夏草及其单体活性成分可以有效的治疗多种疾病。本文在检索近几年来有关冬虫夏草及单体活性成分药理作用的相关研究资料的基础上,主要从冬虫夏草的单体活性成分的研究现状及冬虫夏草的药理学作用的研究进展两个方面对目前冬虫夏草及单体活性成分药理作用进行归纳和总结,为今后进一步开发和利用冬虫夏草提供帮助。     

灵芝多糖抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性的研究进展

灵芝多糖是灵芝中的一种重要的活性成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗辐射、免疫调节、降血糖及对抗糖尿病并发症、神经保护等功效,是目前研究的热点,具有很大的开发利用价值。综述目前灵芝多糖生物活性方面的抗肿瘤和抗氧化方面的研究情况,旨在为灵芝多糖的深度研究开发提供参考。     

马勃类药材化学成分及药理作用研究进展

马勃Lasiosphaera Calvatia是一种常用的真菌类药材,具有较高的药用价值,广泛用于多种传统处方中,应用前景广阔。马勃中的化学成分主要有甾体类、酚类、挥发性、氨基酸类等,其活性成分主要有甾体类、多糖、多肽类等,其中麦角甾醇是真菌类的特征甾醇,本文的化学成分总结为《中国药典》后续马勃指标成分的规定提供理论依据。现代药理活性研究表明,马勃具有抗肿瘤、止血、抑菌、止咳、抗氧化、抗炎等作用。本文对2020年版《中国药典》规定的3种基原植物以及脱皮马勃属、秃马勃属的马勃类药材的化学成分和药理活性进行了全面系统的总结,以期为马勃的深入研究和开发利用提供科学参考。     

松茸抗肿瘤活性成分研究进展

从松茸多糖、多肽蛋白类、醇类、乙醇提取物、水提取物5个方面总结了松茸抗肿瘤活性成分的研究进展。认为松茸抗肿瘤活性成分以多糖为主,抗瘤谱较广,对多种肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用;多肽蛋白、醇类及醇提物、水提物,具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长和促进细胞凋亡作用。     

蟾酥化学成分及抗肿瘤作用研究进展

蟾酥是一味传统中药,主要含有蟾蜍内酯类、蟾毒色胺类、甾醇类等成分.现代药理学研究表明,蟾酥具有良好的抗肿瘤作用,本文对蟾酥化学成分、抗肿瘤主要活性成分、作用机制及制剂进行综述,以期为临床开发抗肿瘤新药提供依据.     

白花蛇舌草的化学成分及功效研究综述

白花蛇舌草是一种传统中药,目前从中分离得到的化学成分共有50余种,主要为黄酮类、蒽醌类、萜类、甾醇类、酚酸类和糖类等。白花蛇舌草各类溶剂的提取物及部分单体成分具有抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗炎、抗氧化等作用。单体成分的功效及作用机制研究是其今后研究的主要方向。     

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: immunomodulation and potential anti-tumor activities

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a basidiomycete white rot fungus, has long been prescribed to prevent and treat various human diseases, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Several classes of bioactive substances have been isolated and identified from G. lucidum, such as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleosides, sterols, and alkaloids, among others. This paper examines the potential role of G. lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) in tumor therapy and the possible mechanisms involved. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the anti-tumor activities of GLPS are mediated by its immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, and cytotoxic effects. GLPS affects immune cells and immune-related cells including B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. In addition, recent data also suggest that GLPS suppresses tumorigenesis or inhibits tumor growth through direct cytotoxic effect and anti-angiogenic actions. However, many questions still need to be answered before both G. lucidum and GLPS can be widely accepted and used as anti-tumor agents.     

Anti-angiogenic and inhibitory activity on inducible nitric oxide production of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Fresh fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature. The extract (GL) showed significant anti-angiogenic activity, which was detected using a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. GL significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results support the anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum.     

Ganoderma tsugae extracts inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth via G(2)/M cell cycle arrest

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ganoderma, known as Lingzhi or Reishi, has been traditionally administered throughout Asia for centuries as a cancer treatment and for other medicinal purposes.

Aim of the study

To investigate the inhibitory activity and explore the molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor effect on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as well as to test the side effects of Ganoderma tsugae.

Materials and methods

Methanol fraction was obtained from dried fruiting bodies of Ganoderma. TLC and HPLC were performed to differentiate and confirm the identification of different species as well as to quantify the bioactive molecules in methanol extracts of Ganoderma species. MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assay as well as tumorigenesis study were used to assess the anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo. Using flow cytometry and Western Blots, we examined further the molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor effect. Finally, biochemical and hematological profiles and pathological examinations were used to evaluate the safety.

Results

The Ganoderma tsugae extracts inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation caused by accumulating cells in G₂/M phase, and it may be through downregulation of cyclin A and B1 and upregulation of p21 and p27. Tumorigenesis study in nude mice revealed the extracts caused tumor shrinkage. Additionally, safety assay showed Ganoderma tsugae extracts caused no significant side effects in an animal model.

Conclusions

This study provides molecular evidence that Ganoderma tsugae extracts exert anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by inducing G₂/M cell cycle arrest. More importantly, no significant physiological changes resulting from treatment with Ganoderma tsugae extracts were observed in the animal model. Therefore, these data provide new insights into the possible therapeutic use of Ganoderma tsugae for treating colorectal cancer.     

反柄紫芝中2个新三萜类化合物

目的研究反柄紫芝Ganoderma cochlear子实体的化学成分。方法利用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱及半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,采用多种谱学技术(1D、2D NMR)并根据理化常数鉴定结构。结果分离并鉴定了5个化合物,分别为拱状灵芝素G(1)、拱状灵芝素H(2)、麦角甾醇(3)、5α,8α-环二氧-6,22-麦角甾二烯-3β-醇(4)和(22E,24R)-7,22-麦角甾二烯-3β-醇(5)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,其余化合物均为首次从灵芝属真菌中分离得到。     

Antiviral Terpenoid Constituents of Ganoderma pfeifferi

Four sterols and 10 triterpenes were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, including the three new triterpenes 3,7,11-trioxo-5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-al (lucialdehyde D, 1), 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone A, 2), and 5alpha-lanosta-8-ene-24,25-epoxy-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone C, 3). The structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity were studied for some of the isolated compounds. Ganoderone A (2), lucialdehyde B (4), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7) were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus.     

基于GC-Q-Exactive-MS的灵芝孢子油化学成分定性分析

目的 利用高分辨气相色谱-四级杆-静电轨道阱质谱法（GC-Q-Exactive-MS）定性分析灵芝孢子油的化学成分。方法 采用GC-Q-Exactive-MS,在电子轰击（EI）源下获取化合物的全扫描质谱数据,通过总结脂肪酸类、萜类、甾醇类及醛类化学成分的质谱裂解规律,并检索NIST、MassBank、HMDB、PubChem在线数据库及查阅相关文献,对灵芝孢子油的各类化学成分进行鉴定。结果 从灵芝孢子油中共鉴定了22个化学成分,包括3个脂肪酸类、4个萜类、4个甾醇类、4个醛类及7个其他类化合物。结论 研究结果为灵芝孢子油质量控制和中药弱极性化学成分定性分析提供了参考。     

New lanostanoids from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.

From a lipophilic extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, three new lanostanoids, 8beta,9alpha-dihydroganoderic acid J (1), methyl 8beta,9alpha-dihydroganoderate J (2), and 20-hydroxylganoderic acid G (3), along with 12 known lanostanoids and two ergostane sterols were isolated. The structures of 1-3 were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data.     

�������ֲ�ﻯѧ�ɷֺ���������о���չ

??This article summarized the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Lysimachia L., thus providing scientific and theoretical basis for development of this genus. Literatures of experimental studies on Lysimachia genus at home and abroad were consulted and summarized. The chemical research showed that the main compounds in Lysimachia genus were triterpenoids and their glycosides, flavonoids and their glycosides, organic acids, and sterols. Pharmacological investigation showed that the plants of this genus had anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ??-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Lysimachia genus should be further researched and utilized, which is abundant in our country.     

近10年抗肿瘤中药化学成分研究概况

目的:介绍近10年来国内外各类中药部分化学成分抗肿瘤的研究状况。方法:查阅近10年来的国内外相关文献,了解相关领域的研究现状,进行全面综合、整理和归纳其抗肿瘤活性,并简要介绍其作用机制。结果:综述了生物碱类、黄酮类、多糖类、皂苷类化合物的抗肿瘤活性的研究概况。结论:中药化学成分具有广谱抗肿瘤作用,有广阔的发展前景。相关研究可为临床治疗肿瘤提供新的思路,用于潜在的抗肿瘤辅助治疗药物,探讨其研究发展的新方向。