Western印迹方法测定血清中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3水平

目的　研究正常人及生长激素分泌异常病人血清中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白３（ Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３） 的水平。方法　本文采用 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ 印迹方法测定２０ 例正常人,３３ 例活动性肢端肥大症病人和３４ 例特发性生长激素缺乏症（ Ｉ Ｇ Ｈ Ｄ） 病人血清 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 水平。结果　正常成人血清中存在五种分子量不同的 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ, Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 含量为最高。本文测定了２０ 例正常成人和６７ 例生长激素分泌异常患者血清 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 的相对光密度（ Ｒ Ｏ Ｄ） ,正常人血清 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 含量为（１ ．１ ±０ ．４） Ｒ Ｏ Ｄ,活动性肢端肥大病人为（２ ．７ ±１ ．２） Ｒ Ｏ Ｄ,明显高于正常成人（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） , Ｉ Ｇ Ｈ Ｄ 病人为（０ ．４ ±０ ．２） Ｒ Ｏ Ｄ,明显低于正常成人（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。血清生长激素与 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 、胰岛素样生长因子 Ｉ与 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 均呈正相关（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。结论　 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ 印迹测定血清 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 正常值和病理值提示 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｂ Ｐ３ 浓度的变化与生长激素功能状态密切相关,并依赖 Ｇ Ｈ。     

2型糖尿病对骨代谢及相关激素的影响

目的 探讨２型糖尿病对骨代谢紊乱及相关激素的影响。方法 突兀 健康对照者和６０例２型糖尿病患者血甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ）、降钙素（ＣＴ）、２５羟维生素Ｄ３（２５（ＯＨ）Ｄ３）、环磷酸腺苷（ＣＡＭＰ）和血、尿钙（ＣＡ）、磷（Ｐ）、镁（ＭＧ）、糖基化血红蛋白（ＨｂＡ１ｃ）、２４小时尿糖,Ｃ肽曲线下面积等指标。结果 （１）２型糖尿病患者血坑于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１和Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＴ水平显著低于对照组Ｐ     

老年戊型肝炎患者NO及脂质过氧化的研究

目的 探讨老年戊型肝炎患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ与发病的关系。方法 采用Ｇｒｉｅｒｓ比色法测定ＮＯ,以ＴＢＡ法测定ＭＤＡ,以分光光度法测定ＳＯＤ。结果 老年戊型肝炎患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ浓度明显高于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＳＯＤ明显低于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。血清胆红素〉８５．５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ者表ＮＯ之间差异无显著性,而血清ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。发生重     

老年戊型矸炎患者血清NO及脂质过氧化的研究

目的：探讨老年戊型为患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ与发病的关系。方法：采用Ｇｒｉｅｒｓ比色法测定怪ＴＢＡ法测定ＭＤＡ,以分光光度法测定ＳＯＤ。结果：老年戊型肝因清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ深度明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＳＤ明显低于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１５）,血清胆红素〉８５．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者与〈８５．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者血清ＮＯ之间差异无显著性,血清ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１）。发     

原发性肝癌病人血清过氧化物酶的变化

对８１例原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）病人进行了血清过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的测定，并以良性肝病和正常人为对照。结果表明，ＨＣＣ组血清ＰＯＤ活性明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而正常人与肝硬化、病毒性肝炎和良性肝占位病人血清ＰＯＤ活性之间无显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。血清ＰＯＤ诊断ＨＣＣ的阳性率为５６．８％，特异性为９３．６％。血清ＰＯＤ与ＡＦＰ联合检测，可提高对ＨＣＣ的诊断率。血清ＰＯＤ检测还可以用于ＨＣＣ的     

糖尿病患者钙磷调节激素及环核苷酸测定的临床意义

作者观察了７５例糖尿病患者血中Ｃ—肽、２５—羟维生素Ｄ３（２５—ＯＨＤ３）、降钙素（ＣＴ）、甲状旁腺激素—Ｍ（ＰＴＨ—Ｍ）及环核苷酸（ｃＡＭＰ）的变化。结果表明，糖尿病患者与正常人比较Ｃ—肽、ＣＴ、ＰＴＨ—Ｍ、ｃＡＭＰ水平相比均有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；２５—ＯＨＤ：水平无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；且Ｃ—肽水平与ＣＴ、ＰＴＨ—Ｍ有显著相关性。提示ＣＴ、ＰＴＨ—Ｍ、ｃＡＭＰ的改变在糖尿病性骨质疏松的发病机理中起重要作用。     

IDDM患儿血管内皮因子分泌失衡对血压的影响

收集４～１４岁胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ,Ｉ型）患儿１５例,并按性别、年龄配对调查正常儿童１５例,分别测定其血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）,６－酮－前列环素（６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１ａ）及血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平,测量其收缩压（ＳＢｐ）和舒张压（ＯＢｐ）。结果：糖尿病组的ＥＴ、ＳＢｐ较正常对照组升高,而ＮＯ、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１ａ降低,差异有显著性意义（Ｐ均〈０．０５）。糖尿病组ＤＢｐ也略有升高,但较对照组差异无显著性     

血动,吸烟对老年人HDL—C,LPO,RBC—SOD及肺功能的影响

选用３组６０￣６５岁老年人为对象，运用对比方法进行研究，结果表明：经常性运动可提高血清中ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），降低血清ＬＰＯ水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），并使ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ值增加（Ｐ〈０．０５），证实有延缓衰老作用，经常性吸烟有与上述相反的作用，且降低肺功能，使Ｖ５０及Ｖ２５值有下降趋势。     

北京地区20682人群糖尿病筛查及1566人OGTT的研究

为积极开展对糖尿病的防治，我们在１９９４年北京地区年龄≥２５岁、城市农村各半的２０６８２人群进行标准馒头餐试验，以馒头餐后２小时血糖≥６．７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ者１５６６人施以ＯＧＴＴ、胰岛素、血脂、尿白蛋白及血压（ＢＰ）、ＥＣＧ检查。结果表明：北京地区糖尿病（ＤＭ）患病率为３．４４％，比１９８０年增高４．８倍，糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）患病率为３．２６％，北京近郊和远郊农村ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ患病率都明显高于城区（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＢＭＩ≥２５和ＢＰ＞１８．７／１２．０ｋＰａ（１４０／９０ｍｍＨｇ）者ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ的患病率明显高于ＢＭＩ＜２５和ＢＰ≤１８．７／１２．０ｋＰａ者，患病率随年龄增加呈等倍级数递增。本次调查而诊断的ＤＭ组中，已并发冠心病者占２６．９６％，并发早期糖尿病肾病者占３２．８％。     

紫外线照射自血回输对肺心病患者血液抗氧化能力的影响

为进一步探讨紫外线照射自血回输（ＡＵＶＩＢ）对肺心病急性加重期患者辅助治疗的机理，对４８例肺心病患者ＡＵＶＩＢ治疗前后血液中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性进行了检测，并以正常人作对照。结果发现：肺心病患者ＳＯＤ水平虽高于正常对照组，但无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５），ＭＤＡ含量显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ与ＣＡＴ活性明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。经ＡＵＶＩＢ辅助治疗后，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ与ＣＡＴ活性显著升高（Ｐ＜００５），ＭＤＡ水平显著降低（Ｐ＜００５）。说明ＡＵＶＩＢ能提高肺心病患者血液抗氧化能力     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.