延迟经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对急性心肌梗死患者左室心功能的影响

目的　本研究评价延迟的经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)所产生的梗死区再灌注血流对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者左心室功能恢复的影响。方法　 33例初次Q波型AMI患者 ,于发病 2～3周内分别进行PTCA治疗。全部病例梗塞相关血管均为完全或次全闭塞病变。经过左心室造影应用面积长轴法计算每例患者的左室射血分数 (LVEF) ,梗塞区室壁运动百分率 ,左心室舒张末容积指数 (EDVI)及Cortina室壁运动不良积分。PTCA 6个月后所有患者重复进行左心室造影及重复以上指标的测量。结果　在PTCA 6个月后 ,本组病例表现出左室局部及整体收缩功能明显改善 [LVEF(5 5 2± 10 1) %vs (4 9 2± 9 9) % ,P <0 0 1]。梗塞区收缩百分率 [(12 8± 5 2 ) %vs (11 5± 6 0 ) % ,P <0 0 5 ]。Cortina室壁运动不良积分下降 [(7 6± 3 2 )vs (9 2± 2 8) ,P <0 0 1]。而EDVI则无明显变化 ,说明左心室的扩张受到了限制。结论　提示Q波型急性心肌梗死接受延迟的PTCA再血管化治疗有益于患者左心功能的恢复。     

急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的 :观察急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的效果。方法 :13例 AMI患者行急诊 PTCA治疗 ,男 10例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 38～ 85 (6 0 .2± 13.6 )岁。其中 6例并发心源性休克 ,3例系溶栓失败后行补救性 PTCA,4例不适作溶栓治疗。梗死相关血管 :前降支 9例 ,右冠状动脉 4例。结果 :PTCA成功率92 .3% ,死亡 1例。术前梗死相关血管狭窄 (98.7± 3.0 ) % ,术后残余狭窄为 (14.6± 16 .2 ) %。 3例术中发生心室颤动 ,1例出现房室传导阻滞 ,1例出现无再流现象 ,经反复冠状动脉内注射硝酸甘油后恢复。术后 1例死亡 ,11例长期生存 ,随访 1～ 18个月无心脏事件发生 ,生活质量明显改善。结论 :AMI时行急诊 PTCA成功率高 ,对溶栓禁忌证、溶栓失败或 AMI并发心源性休克者应积极行急诊 PTCA。     

Teiindex对经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后左室功能的评价

目的 :利用 Tei index评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 （PTCA）对冠心病患者左室功能的影响。方法 :冠心病患者 60例 ,分为心绞痛组 40例 ,心肌梗死 （心梗组 12例 ） ,心力衰竭 （心衰组 8例 ） ;正常对照组 3 0例。观察 HYNA心功能分级 ,测定左室舒张末期内径 （LVDd） ,左室收缩末期内径 （L VDs） ,二尖瓣舒张晚、早期血流峰值比值 （A/ E） ,二尖瓣舒张早期血流 E峰减速时间 （EDT） ,等容舒张期 （IRT） ,左室短轴缩短率 （F S） ,左室射血分数 （L VEF） ,等容收缩期 （ICT） ,射血时间 （ET） ,Tei index。Tei index=（IRT+ ICT） / ET,由二尖瓣关闭至开放时间减去 ET所得值再除以 ET而得。结果 :正常对照组 Tei index为 0 .3 6± 0 .0 7,PTCA术前心绞痛组 ,心梗组 ,心衰组 Tei index分别为 0 .49± 0 .15 ,0 .62± 0 .13 ,0 .81± 0 .17,均显著高于正常对照组 （P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1）。 PTCA术后 1年 ,心绞痛组Tei index为 0 .3 9± 0 .0 8,较术前明显下降 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,与正常组无显著差异 ;心梗组和心衰组的 Tei index分别为0 .47± 0 .10和 0 .66± 0 .14 ,较术前显著减低 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,但仍显著高于正常组 （P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :Tei index是评价左室整体功能的简便、准确的多谱勒超声新指标 ,根据 PTCA术前、术后 T     

直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗急性心肌梗塞

1995年8月至1996年10月急性心肌梗塞（AMI）胸痛后1．0～6．0小时（平均3．6±1．2小时）入院患者28例行直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA），结果：25例（89．3％）血管再通，再通血管残留狭窄平均为14．5％±10．3％（0％～40％），血管再通距胸痛发病时间平均为5．6±2．2小时（3～9小时），23例再通存活患者中1例（4．3％）发生梗塞后早期（起病后30天内）心绞痛，认为直接PTCA在AMI治疗中占有重要位置。     

急性心肌梗塞经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术

总结1993年10月至1995年12月36例急性心肌梗塞(AMl)患者行PTCA治疗的经验.男性27例,女性7例,年龄40～74(平均62.4±8.3)岁.(1)直接PTCA14例.(2)补救性PTCA5例.(3)半择期PTCA17例.结果:36例,成功34例(94. 4%).失败2例.1例失败并于术后第3日死于脑卒中;另一例术中见有局部夹层形成而结束手术.后行择期PTCA成功.认为AMI患者行PTCA是降低AMl病死率有效治疗手段.     

急性心肌梗死延迟经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及内支架置入术对心肌灌注及左心室功能的近期疗效

我们应用单光子发射计算机断层 (ＳＰＥＣＴ)及心脏超声技术 ,观察 30例急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)患者行延迟经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)及内支架置入术治疗前后心肌灌注及心功能的变化 ,报告如下。1　对象与方法选择我院 1 997年 1 0月～ 2 0 0 1年 2月资料完整、符合ＷＨＯ诊断标准的初次ＡＭＩ患者 5 6例 ,均在发病后 0～ 30ｄ行选择性冠状动脉造影 (ＣＡＧ)。分为治疗组 (ｎ =30 )和对照组 (ｎ =2 6)。两组临床一般资料见表 1。治疗组在ＡＭＩ后 1 5～ 30ｄ行延迟ＰＴＣＡ及内支架置入治疗。共扩张 38支血管 ,其中左前降支 (ＬＡＤ)…     

左心室收缩功能对急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗临床转归的影响

目的探讨左心室射血分数减低的急性冠状动脉综合征患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后的临床转归。方法110例急性冠状动脉综合征患者分为左心室射血分数正常(NEF)组和射血分数减低(DEF)组。NEF组共61例患者,男47例,女14例;DEF组共49例患者,男42例,女7例。记录PCI术后患者的重要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、再次非致命性心肌梗死、再次心绞痛和心功能不全)。结果经过6～54个月随访发现,同NEF组相比,DEF组中术前急性广泛前壁心肌梗死多见,左心室收缩和舒张末期内径较大,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇较低,差异有统计学意义。但二组间重要心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义。结论对于左心室收缩功能减低的急性冠状动脉综合征患者经PCI和积极药物治疗后,近中期临床预后接近左心室收缩功能正常的患者。     

急诊和择期冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死左心室重构和功能的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊和择期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗对左心室重构和收缩功能的影响。方法对48例初次发病,发病时间在12h以内或12～24h之间的AMI患者行急诊PCI术;对27例AMI患者行择期PCI术。于术后2周、3个月和6个月行二维超声心动图测量左心室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数(RWMI),并进行对比。结果术后2周、3个月急诊PCI组LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI均显著优于择期PCI组。两组3个月和6个月时LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF及RWMI与2周时比较均有显著改善。至6个月时,两组间LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而LVESVI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间GWMI在各时间点统计差异无统计学意义。结论急诊PCI及择期PCI均可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,急诊PCI更优于择期PCI。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术对老年冠心病患者血管内皮功能影响的探讨

一、对象与方法　　 1 对象 :将 2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 8月间经常规冠状动脉 (冠脉 )造影术证实冠脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (CHD ,冠脉单支或单支以上狭窄≥ 70 % )并需行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)患者 90例 ,分为老年组 6 0例 ,男性 5 4例 ,女性 6例 ,6 0～ 76岁 ,平均 (6 8 9± 5 4)岁 ;非老年组 3 0例 ,男性 1 8例 ,女性 2例 ,4 8～ 5 9岁 ,平均 (5 5 1± 3 7)岁。 90例患者中并存高血压 5 2例 ,两组分别为 3 5例和 1 7例。入选患者均排除 :(1 )血肌酐 (Bcr)≥ 1 3 3 μmol/L ;(2 )肝脏疾病、甲状腺疾病、3个月内急性心…     

急性心肌梗塞后左室舒张功能影响因素的探讨

为探讨急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）左室舒张功能的变化及影响因素，我们用脉冲多普勒超声心动图测量了７２例ＡＭＩ患者的左室舒张功能，并用多元逐步回归对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明，７２例病人中Ｅ／Ａ＜１者４１例，占５６．９％。ＡＭＩ后左室舒张功能除受年龄影响外，梗塞面积的大小直接影响左室舒张功能，但与梗塞部位无关，梗塞前心绞痛可减轻梗塞后左室舒张功能的损害，是通过减小梗塞面积而实现的。溶栓治疗可以改善心肌梗塞后的左室舒张功能。     

急性心梗心电图QRS波终末变形与左室功能变化的研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者心电图QRS波终末变形情况与左心室功能变化的关系。方法根据入院心电图将急性心梗患者分成QRS终末变形阳性(QRS+)组(n=22)与QRS终末变形阴性(QRS-)组(n=46),于经皮冠状动脉介入术后2周与6个月时行超声心动图检查。结果术后6个月时QRS-组左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)及室壁活动异常积分(VWMA)明显小于QRS+组p<0.05),而左室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于QRS+组(p<0.05)。结论心电图QRS终末变形可作为急性心梗后左室重构和左室功能变化的预测因子之一。     

Spontaneous recovery of left ventricular function following acute anterior myocardial infarction

Four patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction showing spontaneous and marked improvement in systolic left ventricular function are described. All 4 patients showed abnormal Q waves and severe wall motion abnormalities soon after acute infarction. In all 4 patients, at least some regeneration of R-wave forces occurred and the regional wall motion in the involved area of the left ventricle improved dramatically without coronary angioplasty or surgical revascularization during the intervening period. The improvement in left ventricular function was attributed to spontaneous increase in nutrient flow to the involved area. It is concluded that Q waves and severe wall motion abnormalities do not necessarily indicate irreversible scar formation.     

Coronary collaterals and left ventricular function early after acute transmural myocardial infarction

The coronary collateral circulation and ventricular function,segmental wall motion and infarct size, were investigated fromhemodynamic and angiographic data in 126 patients with acutetransmural myocardial infarction and complete obstruction ofa major coronary vessel. The patients were divided into twogroups: 74 with obstruction of the right coronary artery and52 with obstruction of the left anterior descending artery.The collateral circulation was rated as absent, poor, fair oradequate: two weeks after infarction, collateral vessels wereobserved in only 27% (poor 15.4%, fair 5.8%, adequate 5.8%)of the patients with an anterior myocardial infarction and inonly 35% (poor 13.5%, fair 16.4%, adequate 4.5%) of the patientswith an inferior myocardial infarction. In both groups of patients, the presence of collateral vesselshad no significant influence on the following parameters: leftventricular performance (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure,left ventricular enddiastolic volume, ejection fraction andmean velocity of fiber shortening), extent of abnormally contractingsegment and segmental wall motion. After anterior myocardialinfarction, there was an insignificant trend to lesser myocardialdamage in patients with coronary collaterals. Thus, coronary collaterals are infrequent in patients with acutetransmural myocardial infarction and total obstruction of acoronary vessel; in these patients we conclude that the collateralshave no effect either on left ventricular function or on thesize of the infarction.     

链激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死对左心室功能的改善作用

为评价链激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）对左心室功能的影响，应用二维超声心动图对２６例接受链激酶溶栓治疗的ＡＭＩ患者和２７例未溶栓的ＡＭＩ患者，分别在急性期及６个月后随访时测量并计算左心室容积（ＥＤＶ和ＥＳＶ），射血分数（ＥＦ）以及室壁运动指数（ＧＷＭＩ和ＲＷＭＩ）。以上各项指标在急性期时比较各组无显著性差异；在随访期再通组ＥＦ值明显高于未通组和未溶栓组，再通组左室容量减小。急性期各组心功能无差异，随访时再通组心功能较未通组显著改善。提示:链激酶溶栓能明显减轻ＡＭＩ患者的左心室扩张，改善左心室功能和长期预后     

Emergency coronary angioplasty in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction or cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction

Emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed during an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after either systemic or intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in six patients with severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction or cardiogenic shock, among 37 patients (17%) who were treated with PTCA during AMI over a 13-month period. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (1.5 x 10 Units) was initiated after a mean (+/- SD) time delay of 5.5 +/- 1.3 h from the onset of symptoms. The infarct-related artery was found to be occluded (TIMI grade 0-1) in three patients and partially reperfused (TIMI grade 2) in the remaining patients at baseline coronary angiography. Intracoronary administration of urokinase (100-200,000 Units) was ineffective in those patients failing systemic thrombolysis and resulted in only a slight increase of residual lumen in three patients. The coronary artery could be opened by a guidewire mechanical technique in patients with persistent coronary artery occlusion and coronary dilation could be done in all patients. The mean percentage diameter stenosis of the infarct-related vessel was reduced from 98.8 +/- 2% to 27 +/- 11% (P less than 0.005). After the procedure, left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 27 +/- 8% to 41 +/- 7% (P less than 0.02), systemic blood pressure and cardiac index increased respectively from 86 +/- 10 to 126 +/- 14 mmHg (P less than 0.005) and from 2.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.6 (P less than 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased from 26 +/- 8 to 18 +/- 3 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Severe mitral regurgitation was relieved in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Long-term recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS: To investigate changes in left ventricular function in the first 6 months after acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty. To assess clinical variables, associated with recovery of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Changes in left ventricular function were studied in 600 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction, all treated with primary angioplasty. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by radionuclide ventriculography in survivors at day 4 and after 6 months. Patients with a recurrent myocardial infarction within the 6 months were excluded. RESULTS: Successful reperfusion (TIMI 3 flow) by primary angioplasty was achieved in 89% of patients. The mean ejection fraction at discharge was 43.7%+/-11.4, whereas the mean ejection fraction after 6 months was 46.3%+/-11.5 (P<0.01). During the 6 months, the mean relative improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction was 6%. An improvement in left ventricular function was observed in 48% of the patients; 25% of the patients had a decrease, whereas in the remaining patients there was no change. After univariate and multivariate analysis, an anterior infarction location, an ejection fraction at discharge < or =40% and single-vessel disease were significant predictors of left ventricular improvement during the 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: After acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty there was a significant recovery of left ventricular function during the first 6 months after the infarction. An anterior myocardial infarction, single-vessel coronary artery disease, and an initially depressed left ventricular function were independently associated with recovery of left ventricular function. Multivessel disease was associated with absence of functional recovery. Additional studies, investigating complete revascularization are needed, as this approach may potentially improve long-term left ventricular function.     

急性心肌梗死患者室壁运动及心功能损害与发病-超声检查时间的关系

目的 探索急性心肌梗死患者室壁运动及心功能损害与发病-超声检查时间的关系.方法 收集初发急性心肌梗死患者219例,均已排除陈旧性心肌梗死、早期心肌再梗死、严重的瓣膜性心脏病、先天性心脏病、心肌病等影响室壁运动及心功能的疾病.所有患者均在予冠状动脉介入干预前行经胸超声心动图检查,采用二维超声等方法测量或（和）计算左心室舒张末期内径（left ventricular diameters in diastasis,LVDd）、收缩末期内径（left ventricular diameters in systole,LVDs）、左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、室壁运动计分指数（wall motion index,WMI）及运动正常节段（fragments with normal wall motion,FM）百分比等参数,并精确记录发病-超声检查时间.结果 WMI、LVDd、LVDs、LVEF、FM百分比与发病-超声检查时间的相关关系均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,相关系数分别为0.167,0.235,0.258,-0.196,-0.144.在WMI的多重线性回归分析结果显示,变量FM百分比、LVEF、左回旋支和（或）右冠状动脉进入方程（R2=0.878,justed R2=0.876）,偏回归系数分别为-1.103,-0.030,-0.001.结论 对于未予冠状动脉介入干预的急性心肌梗死患者,其室壁运动及心功能均随发病-超声检查时间的增加而减弱.     

Bone marrow stimulation and left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have demonstrated that bone marrow stem cells can migrate into peripheral blood and regenerate damaged myocardium. HYPOTHESIS: Bone marrow stimulation might improve myocardial functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: In all, 104 consecutive patients with anterior wall AMI treated by primary coronary angioplasty and stenting within 12 h after onset, and who underwent left ventriculography on admission and 6 months after discharge, were studied. Among these, 23 patients (Group 1) demonstrated transient appearance of immature blood cells including myelocytes, promyelocytes, and myeloblasts during hospital stay. Thirty-eight matched patients in whom no immature blood cells were detected were studied as a control group (Group 2). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. There was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) on admission between Group 1 (33 +/- 12%) and Group 2 (34 +/- 8%). In contrast, EF was significantly better in Group 1 (47 +/- 12%) than in Group 2 (40 +/- 10%, p = 0.016) 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSION: The study suggests significantly greater improvement in left ventricular function in patients with AMI with sign of bone marrow stimulation than in matched patients with no sign of bone marrow stimulation.