高速涡轮钻拔除下颌阻生智齿方法的探讨

近两年来 ,我们应用高速涡轮钻拔除下颌阻生智齿 2 17例 ,术前常规拍Ｘ线片 ,结合临床检查 ,综合分析智齿阻力情况 ,确定去除阻力的方法和步骤 ,取得满意效果。　　作者单位 :0 5 0 0 0 0河北医科大学第二医院口腔颌面外科　　一、适应症涡轮钻主要用于磨除牙槽骨、切割牙冠、分根以及磨除牙冠或牙根 ,适应症与锤凿去骨、劈开法相同。二、切割方法及步骤1.去骨法 :去骨法主要是去除牙冠或牙根的骨阻力 ,用于任何方位的阻生智齿有冠方或根方骨阻力者。先用钻磨除冠上部覆盖的骨质 ,再磨除颊侧及远中骨质 ,达牙冠外形高点下方。颊侧远中去骨可…     

借助涡轮钻拔除下颌阻生智齿的体会

高速涡轮钻作为一种拔牙的辅助工具,近年来得到了广泛运用.作者用此法拔除下颌各类阻生智齿248例,现报告如下. 临床资料和方法 1 病例选择: 从1994～1997年在我院就诊需拔除下颌阻生智齿的患者中,选择以下患者作涡轮钻拔牙.(1)水平阻生横断牙体者51例.(2)需做牙体劈开,但发育沟不明显者84例.(3)前倾或低位垂直阻生,用牙凿劈牙时远中牙冠劈掉36例.(4)断根30例.(5)去骨拔牙47例. 2 拔除方法: 各类劈牙困难的下颌智齿,先用锅轮钻裂断牙体,如因位置致操作不便,可先在牙体上磨出一尽可能深的沟槽,再用牙凿裂断牙体. 若需翻瓣去骨时,可将翻起的粘骨膜瓣反折缝合固定于颊粘膜上,避免机头工作时损伤. 断根拔除时,如长钻针能磨除断根即可;如因位置原因或断根较长时,可在断根颊侧或远中磨出一间隙,便于牙挺伸入.     

中低位下颌阻生智齿拔除术的临床研究

目的：比较高速涡轮钻法和劈冠法在拔除中低位下颌阻生智齿时的临床应用效果.方法：260例中低位下颌阻生智齿,其中140例中位、120例低位下颌阻生智齿,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组使用高速涡轮钻法拔除,对照组使用劈冠法拔除,比较拔牙所需时间及术后并发症情况.结果：对低位阻生智齿,高速涡轮钻法拔除比劈冠法拔除所需手术时间短,术中术后并发症轻（P＜0.05）.但对中位阻生智齿,实验组所需手术时间及术中术后并发症均大于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论：高速涡轮钻法在拔除低位下颌阻生智齿时手术时间短,术后反应轻,具有明显的优势,在拔除中位阻生智齿时劈冠法临床效果更好.     

涡轮钻拔牙体会

目的 评价涡轮钻拔牙法对下颌阻生智齿拔除的临床使用价值。方法 通过随机抽样法,抽取数据库部分病例作样本,统计分析对使用涡轮钻拔牙在拔除下颌阻生智齿的术中、术后效果分级评价。结果 涡轮钻拔牙法在下颌阻生智齿拔除时,适用不同类型的下颌阻生智齿,范围较广,术中省时,操作定位简单、安全,减少了术后短期及远期并发症发生。结论 下颌阻生智齿拔除用涡轮钻拔牙值得推广应用。     

两种缝合方式对下颌低位阻生智齿拔除术后并发症的影响

目的观察两种不同的缝合方式对下颌低位阻生智齿拔除术后并发症的影响。方法选择100例需翻瓣去骨拔除的下颌低位阻生智齿,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。术中均采用传统角形切口(近中颊侧切口+远中切口),对照组拔牙术后切口采取完全缝合(远中切口缝合+颊侧切口缝合),观察组拔牙术后切口采取部分缝合(远中切口缝合+龈瓣转折处缝合,颊侧切口不缝合),两组术后均常规预防性抗感染治疗。比较两组术后48 h及7 d拔牙后出血、面颊部肿胀、疼痛及张口受限情况,并作统计学分析。结果两组术后在48 h及7 d拔牙后出血、疼痛、张口受限及面部肿胀程度均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论两种缝合方式对于下颌低位阻生智齿拔除术后出血、疼痛、张口受限及局部肿胀程度等并发症并无明显差异,但部分缝合术可以减少手术操作时间,简化手术过程,减少患者的创伤。     

高速涡轮牙钻在复杂下颌阻生智齿拔除中的应用体会

目的 观察高速涡轮牙钻在下颌复杂阻生齿拔除术中的作用,并与传统劈凿分牙法进行比较。方法 选择要求拔除下颌复杂阻生智齿的患者210例,随机分为高速涡轮牙钻拔除组和锤凿法拔除组。结果 在对并发症的控制方面,高速涡轮钻组明显优于传统锤凿法拔除组。结论 高速涡轮钻分牙与去骨振动小,创伤小,在复杂下颌阻生智齿的拔除中值得临床推广应用。     

涡轮钻在拔牙术中的应用

涡轮钻一般是应用于口腔内科牙体治疗中开髓、备洞等 ,但近年来在牙槽外科拔牙手术中也越来越多地被采用[1 ,2 ] ,尤其应用于阻生智齿和困难牙的拔除手术[3] 中 ,使用涡轮钻去骨、分牙 ,使手术变得简单容易。我科自 80年代以来 ,常规使用涡轮钻拔除复杂阻生智齿约 15 0 0例 ,拔牙去骨、拔牙分根 6 4 1例 ,拔除多生、埋伏牙 139例。现将应用范围、操作步骤及术后并发症介绍如下。一、在阻生智齿拔除术中的应用1 在下颌低位水平阻生智齿拔除术中的应用　①切龈 :对完全骨内埋伏阻生者 ,在阻生齿牙冠、颈上方楔形切除一块牙龈组织。②去骨 :用…     

即刻种植即刻负重中PRF对软组织愈合的促进作用

目的:观察即刻种植即刻负重中应用富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)种植体周围软组织的生长情况.方法:拔除5只beagle犬双侧下颌第四前磨牙(PM4),立即植入柱形螺纹纯钛种植体并即刻负重.采用自身对照方式,实验侧采用PRF填塞种植体颊侧缺损和远中拔牙窝;对照侧种植体颊侧缺损以血凝块充填,远中拔牙窝用明胶海绵填塞.术后第二天开始观察软组织的愈合情况,连续观察10天.结果:种植后实验组软组织的愈合时间平均为5.80天,对照组为8.20天.结论:即刻种植即刻负重种植中使用PRF,可促进软组织的愈合,缩短软组织愈合的时间.     

单一远中切口翻瓣拔除下颌阻生智齿

目的 为了简化下颌阻生智齿拔除术的操作步骤,缩短手术时间,减轻病人的痛苦。方法 对需作切开翻瓣才能拔除的病例,只作单一远中切口,颊侧牙龈瓣的分离由切口的远端向前直至第一磨牙远中龈乳头处,颊侧不再作切口,术后也不作缝合。结果 采用本方法共拔除55颗阻生牙,全部能清晰显露术野,手术时间缩短,术后无明显不良反应。结论 单一远中切口切开翻瓣拔除下颌阻生智齿既简化了操作,又能清晰显露术野,同时可减少病人复诊拆线的麻烦。     

涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法在下颌阻生智齿拔除术中下牙槽神经损伤情况的比较

目的 对涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法在下颌阻生智齿拔除术中下牙槽神经损伤的情况进行比较.方法 选取120例双侧下颌智齿阻生状态相近的患者,分别采用涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法对同一患者两侧智齿分期拔除,术后3天复诊时记录有无下牙槽神经损伤,并将两组间结果差异进行统计学分析.结果 涡轮手机拔牙组术后下唇麻木1例,传统劈凿拔牙法术后下...     

Modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy with a reciprocating saw and new retractors

Modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy with new instruments and a reciprocating saw is reported. With this modification, the sagittal separation of the ramus is performed by the reciprocating saw with an original wide-blade buccal retractor and a new lingual retractor, instead of the traditional channeled retractor. The wide-blade retractor is inserted to the buccal aspect of the mandibular ramus, which ensures protection from instrumental injury to the adjacent soft tissues and vessels, and the new lingual retractor, instead of the channeled retractor, is inserted to the lingual aspect of the ramus. The osteotomy line follows that of Dal Pont's modification. Close attention must be paid to the direction of the saw blade. The separated bone plane should be located in the external cortical bone layer of the ramus, so as to avoid injury of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. The osteotomy is completed with the smooth osteotomized interface, which facilitates positioning of the bone segments by the surgeon. The new instruments and the reciprocating saw may provide safe and rapid sagittal split ramus osteotomy.     

Techniques for improved visibility and lid protection in orbital explorations

Visualization during exploration of the orbit is hampered by herniation of orbital fat around the malleable retractor in posterior orbital dissection. A thin stiff disc of plastic sheeting, placed between the dissected orbital soft tissue contents and the malleable retractor, reduces prolapse of fat around the edges of the orbital retractor. The technique is utilized in acute fracture treatment and in late orbital reconstruction. The malleable retractor, placed below the plastic disc, may be easily taken in and out of the orbit with reduced damage of fat and enhanced visualization. Retractor damage to fat is reduced and visualization enhanced. The plastic sheet may be inserted over an intact posterior bony "ledge" in floor fractures, allowing accurate placement of bone grafts under direct visualization. Additionally, the use of a segment of flexible rubber sheeting sewed over a subciliary incision margin reduces traction injury, drill and cautery damage to eyelid skin.     

Lingual flap retraction for third molar removal.

PURPOSE: Lingual nerve damage following lower third molar surgery remains a clinical problem. The traditional approach in the United States has been a buccal approach avoiding exposure or surgery on the lingual side of the crest of the ridge. An alternative technique is to deliberately expose the lingual tissues and retract the lingual nerve lingually before tooth removal. This study reports a trial of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients had removal of their lower third molars carried out using a technique that raises a lingual flap in addition to a buccal flap and places a specially designed lingual retractor to ensure that the lingual nerve is held out of the surgical field. This technique was used in cases where the crown of the tooth had to be sectioned or when distal bone needed to be removed. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty patients were treated by this method. There were 4 cases of transient lingual paresthesia, presumably caused by traction pressure from the retractor. Three of these cases were mild and resolved within 3 weeks. The fourth case had more profound paresthesia, but still resolved within 2 months. There were no cases of permanent nerve damage, and in many cases removal of the third molar was simplified by the superior access. CONCLUSION: Lingual retraction for third molar removal improves access to the surgical site and can simplify third molar removal. In this prospective study there were no cases of permanent lingual nerve injury.     

Retraction of canines using bonded tube-brackets

Investigations using a Force Analyser were carried out to test the characteristics of retractor springs fitted to a removable appliance and designed for insertion into a tube-bracket, bonded to the buccal surface of a canine. The retractors were shown to produce a counter-rotation couple when activated on the typodont. This type of canine retraction was then used clinically, and was found to produce less distal tilting than is noted with the single-point contact of a cantilever spring. Some spontaneous reduction in overjet was found to occur in each case of a small series. Possible mechanisms to account for this effect are discussed.     

超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法在复杂下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除中的应用

目的比较涡轮钻法、超声骨刀法与超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法拔除复杂下颌阻生第三磨牙的临床效果,探讨较佳的拔牙方式。方法 90例患者随机分成3组,每组30例。A组采用涡轮钻法拔牙,B组采用超声骨刀法拔牙,C组采用超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法拔牙。观察3组患者手术时间、术后疼痛、肿胀程度、张口度、干槽症和下牙槽神经损伤情况。采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 A组手术时间为(19.88±1.87)min,B组为(27.41±1.38)min,C组为(14.06±1.49)min;3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症发生情况:A组12例,B组4例,C组1例。结论超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法拔除复杂下颌阻生第三磨牙效率高、安全、微创,是较佳的拔牙方式。     

Retraction of Canines Using Bonded Tube-brackets

Abstract

Investigations using a Force Analyser were carried out to test the characteristics of retractor springs fitted to a removable appliance and designed for insertion into a tube-bracket, bonded to the buccal surface of a canine. The retractors were shown to produce a counter—rotation couple when activated on the typodont. This type of canine retraction was then used clinically, and was found to produce less distal tilting than is noted with the single-point contact of a cantilever spring. Some spontaneous reduction in overjet was found to occur in each case of a small series. Possible mechanisms to account for this effect are discussed.     

阻生下颌第三磨牙2种拔除方法的比较

目的:比较拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙时,传统的凿骨劈冠法与改良涡轮机拔除法的优劣.方法: 600 例下颌阻生第三磨牙病例,其中300 例,使用传统的凿骨劈冠法拔除, 另300 例使用改良涡轮机法拔除,对手术时间以及术中、术后并发症进行对比观察和统计分析.结果: 2 种方法的手术时间分别为(22.285±12.025) min和(16.115±12.078) min.与传统的凿骨劈冠法相比,改良涡轮机拔除法拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的手术时间较短(P<0.05),术中及术后并发症的发生率均明显降低(P<0.05).结论: 改良器械的应用,使阻生下颌第三磨牙的拔除更加方便,值得推广应用.     

带蒂颊脂垫在口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损即刻修复中的效果评价

目的 探讨带蒂颊脂垫瓣在口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损即刻修复中的应用效果及其适应证。方法 选择86例口腔肿瘤患者,其中,男58例,女28例,平均年龄50岁。采用带蒂颊脂垫移植即刻修复肿瘤切除术后缺损,观察术后效果和并发症情况。结果 所有病例中移植皮瓣均存活,颊脂垫瓣在9~10周内顺利愈合,未覆盖的表面形成上皮化,与正常黏膜相似。随访3个月~3年,所有患者均无明显功能障碍和面部畸形,并发症仅为3.5%。结论 带蒂颊脂垫是修复口腔组织缺损的理想材料,并发症少,是口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损即刻修复的可行选择。     

Surgical emphysema of the mediastinum as a consequence of attempted extraction of a third molar tooth using an air turbine drill.

The use of air turbines for the removal of bone or the division of teeth is to be deprecated. Surgical emphysema of the neck and mediastinum as a direct result of the inappropriate use of an air turbine drill to remove an impacted third molar tooth may result in potentially life threatening complications.     

涡轮机法拔除下颌阻生智齿的临床研究

目的:比较拔除中位和低位阻生智齿时,凿骨劈冠法与涡轮机去骨拔除法的优劣。方法:51例双侧中位或低位阻生齿,双侧随机分组,分别使用涡轮机去骨拔除法和传统的凿骨劈冠拔除法拔牙,对术中反应、手术时间,以及术后疼痛、术后肿胀进行对比观察和统计分析。结果:对中位阻生智齿,涡轮机去骨拔除法的手术时间和术后反应大于凿骨劈冠法(P<0.05),但对于低位阻生齿,涡轮机去骨拔除法手术时间更短、术后反应小(P<0.05)。结论:涡轮机去骨拔除法在拔除低位阻生齿时具有明显的优势,在拔除中位阻生智齿时并不比凿骨劈冠法有明显的优势。