非酒精性脂肪肝胰岛素抵抗及血清瘦素和脂联素水平的研究

[目的]研究非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、瘦素和脂联素水平的变化,探讨疾病发病中胰岛素抵抗(IR)、瘦素和脂联素的作用.[方法]测定体检和住院人群中NAFLD并肥胖(NAFLD)组、单纯性肥胖(肥胖)组和正常对照组空腹血糖、空腹血清胰岛素,采用稳态模型法计算IRI,同时检测瘦素和脂联素水平.[结果]NAFLD组空腹胰岛素水平和IRI显著高于肥胖组和对照组(P＜0.05);NAFLD组和肥胖组的瘦素水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);NAFLD组和肥胖组的脂联素水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);直线相关分析后,IRI与血清瘦素水平呈显著正相关(r=0.169 3,P＜0.01);而与血清脂联素水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.218 7,P＜0.01).[结论]IR可能是NAFLD发生、发展的基础,IR构成NAFLD患者基本特征之一,中央型肥胖是NAFLD的危险因素;NAFLD患者瘦素水平升高而脂联素水平降低,瘦素和脂联素通过不同机制参与了IR的发生、发展,进而影响NAFLD的发病.     

非酒精性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性分析

目的 研究非酒精性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性.方法 选取非酒精性脂肪肝106例,非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征58例,单纯肥胖32例,健康体检42例作为对照组.测定体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）,检测空腹血糖（FBS）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和高密度脂蛋自（HDL）等生化指标并行肝脏B超检查.放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA）.同时酶联免疫法测定血清脂联素水平,并用相关及多元回归分析脂联素与各参数的相关性.结果 非酒精性脂肪肝组BMI、ALT、TC、TG、FBS、FINS和HOMA均较正常对照组高,HDL和脂联素水平较正常对照组低;非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征组胰岛素抵抗程度较非酒精性脂肪肝组更严重,脂联素水平更低.单纯肥胖组ALT、TC高于对照组,脂联素水平有下降趋势.非酒精性脂肪肝ALT异常组与ALT正常组比较,脂联素水平下降.结论 非酒精性脂肪肝存在不同程度胰岛素抵抗,脂联素水平降低;合并代谢综合征者胰岛素抵抗更为严重,脂联素水平更低;合并ALT异常时脂联素水平下降     

非酒精性脂肪肝与血清脂联素及胰岛素抵抗的关系

NAFLD通常与超重或肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症等代谢紊乱有关,胰岛素抵抗可能在脂肪肝形成过程中起重要作用。而脂联素作为一种新发现的由脂肪细胞分泌的激素,具有降低血脂、降低血糖、改善胰岛素敏感性以及拮抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,能拮抗胰岛素低抗。但是目前这     

脂联素在非酒精性脂肪肝中的作用及机制

脂联素是由脂肪细胞分泌的胰岛素敏感性脂肪因子,其对非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)有多种有益作用.在循环中脂联素有3种低聚亚型,包括三聚体、六聚体及高分子量低聚复合物.脂联素通过与靶器官上脂联素受体结合来发挥效应,其保肝作用已经在临床和实验室研究中证明.脂联素的下降是NAFLD及肝脏功能损害的独立危险因素.在动物实验中,通过药物或基因疗法使循环中的脂联素增高可导致肝肿大、脂肪变、坏死炎症及其相关肝脏疾病.脂联素敲除的小鼠,会发生肝脂肪变和线粒体功能损害,这致使小鼠易于遭受脂肪肝病的二次打击.本文旨在综述近年来对于脂联素在NAFLD中的保肝作用及机制的研究成果.     

脂联素基因多态性和血清脂联素水平与非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性

目的:探讨脂联素基因单核苷酸多态性及血清脂联素水平与汉族人非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的关系.方法:根据性别、年龄和体质量指数(body-mass index,BMI)配对入选NAFLD患者和对照组,各106例.测定基因多态性和血清脂联素水平,分析其与人体测量参数、生化、激素和代谢的关系.结果:在NAFLD和对照者中,SNP+45位点T/T、T/G和G/G基因型分别为64.2%、54.7%和23.6%、38.7%和12.2%、6.6%,NAFLD组G/G基因型频率比对照组高(2=6.47,P<0.05),但两组等位基因型频率(2=0.64,P>0.05)差异无显著性;S N P+276位点中G/G、T/G和T/T基因型分别为4.2%、47.2%和27.3%、36.8%和8.5%、16.0%,NAFLD组T/T基因型频率高于对照组(2=6.68,P<0.05),两组等位基因频率差异有显著性(2=7.86,P<0.05).NAFLD组的血清脂联素水平较对照组显著降低(3.75mg/L±3.94mg/Lvs6.18mg/L±4.12mg/L),而且有更高的胰岛素低抗(2.19±1.35vs1.33±0.93).Logistic回归分析显示:BMI、WHR、HOMA-IR、脂联素是NAFLD的主要危险因素.结论:SNP45G/G和SNP276T/T基因型可能是中国汉族人NAFLD的易感基因,高BMI、WHR、HOMA-IR、低脂联素血症是NAFLD的主要危险因素.     

调控非酒精性脂肪肝脂联素表达异常防治动脉粥样硬化

<正>目前,非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)发病率呈逐年上升趋势并趋低龄化,NAFLD患者发生临床或亚临床型动脉粥样硬化(AS)概率显著增高,且出现明显的颈AS(CAS)较非NAFLD患者提前约5~10年。NAFLD对心血管疾病的作用可能独立于肥胖和代谢综合征,已成为当前AS发病的主要原因。尽早防治NAFLD对于延缓NAFLD患者体内的AS进程和远期预后十     

非酒精性脂肪肝患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者肿瘤坏死因子-α、脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗等指标的相互关系.方法:120例NAFLD患者根据空腹血糖水平分为合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)者32例(DFL组),不伴T2DM者88例(FL组),所有NAFLD患者根据B超结果分为轻度、中度、重度3组.测定NAFLD患者及42例健康对照者的体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、脂联素(APN)水平;采用稳态模式计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、反应胰岛β细胞分泌功能的指标(HOMA-IS)等指标.结果:NAFLD患者的FINS,HOMA-IR均显著升高,ISI显著低于NC组(P<0.01);FPG,FINS,ISI,HOMA-IS是IR抵抗的主要相关因素;DFL组的FINS,HOMA-IR较FL组为高,ISI,HOMA-IS较FL组为低,均有显著性差异(P<0.01);NAFLD患者轻、中度两组间HOMA-IR无显著差异(P>0.05),而重度脂肪肝患者的HOMA-IR明显升高(P<0.01).NAFLD患者血清TNF-α显著升高,APN显著降低(P<0.01);APN与TNF-α,IR呈显著负相关,与ISI呈显著正相关;TNF-α是影响APN水平的重要因素;TNF-α与APN,ISI呈显著负相关,与FPG,FINS,IR呈显著正相关,ISI,APN是其主要的影响因素.结论:NAFLD患者普遍存在IR,合并2型糖尿病的NAFLD患者体内胰岛素抵抗现象更为明显;TNF-α与APN呈显著负相关,且均与IR密切相关.APN作为保护性因子而TNF-α作为损害性因子在NAFLD的发生、发展中起着重要作用.     

非酒精性脂肪肝患者胰岛素抵抗与脂联素基因表达的关系

目的探讨NAFLD患者胰岛素抵抗（IR）与脂肪组织脂联素基因表达的关系。方法用SYBR GreenI实时定量RT-PCR方法检测脂肪组织脂联素mRNA的表达水平，用稳态模型法计算IR指数。结果肥胖和非肥胖NAFLD患者及对照组IR指数分别为：3．0±0．8、2．8±0．9和2．0±0．6、1．2±0．5，其脂肪组织脂联素基因表达和血浆脂联素浓度较对照各组显著降低（P〈0．05），IR与脂联素基因表达（r=0．5，P〈0．05）和血浆脂联素浓度负相关（，=0．4，P〈0．05），与血清甘油三酯正相关（r=0．3，P〈0．05）。结论NAFLD患者的IR与脂肪组织脂联素基因低表达有关，脂联素基因低表达在IR和NAFLD发病中起了一定作用。     

罗格列酮对高脂饮食诱导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠胰岛素抵抗及脂联素的影响

目的:探讨罗格列酮对高脂饮食所致的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型胰岛素抵抗及脂联素的影响.方法:30只大鼠随机分为3组,即模型组(高脂饮食 蒸馏水ig),空白对照组(正常饲料 蒸馏水ig)和罗格列酮组[高脂饮食 罗格列酮3 mg/(kg·d)ig].观察各组血脂、肝功、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化和各组肝组织HE染色与脂肪特异性的苏丹Ⅲ染色的变化.采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和免疫印迹(western blot)检测各组肝组织的脂联素水平.结果:模型组与空白对照组相比,甘油三酯(TG)(1.51±0.37 mmol/L vs 0.98±0.51 mmol/L,P<0.01),总胆固醇(TC)(2.74±0.65 mmol/L vs 1.71±0.37 mmol/L,P<0.05),ALT(450.20±244.12 U/L vs 264.56±48.44 U/L,P<0.011,AST(460.30±310.13 U/L vs 196.11±52.23 U/L,P<0.01)和HOMA-IR(3.46±1.16 vs 1.07±0.26,P<0.01)均显著升高.罗格列酮治疗可使TG(1.27±0.50 mmol/L),ALT(360.26±244.37 U/L,AST(300.20±233.13 U/L)以及HOMR- IR(1.44±0.37)得到明显改善(均P<0.05).从组织病理学亦可得到证实.肝组织实时荧光定量PCR及免疫印迹显示罗格列酮组的Adiponectin mRNA(552.40±268.13 vs 215.95±135.87,P<0.05)和蛋白表达均较模型组升高.结论:高脂饮食可诱导大鼠NAFLD和IR发生,并使肝功,血脂异常升高.罗格列酮可以改善高脂饮食大鼠的脂肪肝及IR情况,可能与Adiponectin缓解IR和NAFLD改善有关.     

强肝胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者胰岛素抵抗指数和肝纤维化评分的影响

目的观察强肝胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化评分和胰岛素抵抗指数的影响。方法选取2014年8月-2015年7月在上海市第八人民医院就诊的NAFLD患者85例,随机分为治疗组(n=45)和对照组(n=40)。治疗组给予强肝胶囊,对照组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊,2组疗程均为24周。观察2组治疗前后血清转氨酶(AST、ALT)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及NAFLD肝纤维化评分(NAFLDFS)的变化。计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果 2组治疗后ALT、AST水平均较同组治疗前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);与治疗前比,治疗组HOMA-IR、NAFLDFS治疗后均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(3.58±0.85 vs 2.48±0.78,t=6.40,P0.05;-1.78±1.24 vs-2.35±0.98,t=2.40,P0.05)。2组间治疗后比较,治疗组HOMA-IR、NAFLDFS较对照组显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(2.48±0.78 vs 3.09±0.89,t=3.36,P0.01;-2.35±0.98 vs-1.48±1.08,t=3.80,P0.01)。整个疗程未见明显不良反应。结论强肝胶囊不仅能降低血清转氨酶水平,还可改善胰岛素抵抗和减轻NAFLD患者肝纤维化程度。     

非酒精性脂肪肝患者血浆抵抗素水平测定及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的 探讨血浆抵抗素水平变化在非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）发病中的作用及与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法选择32例单纯NAFLD患者（F组）、29例NAFLD并2型糖尿病患者（FD组）和30例体检正常者（对照组）,分别测定空腹血浆抵抗素、空腹血糖（FPG）及胰岛素（FINS）水平,计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）,并分析其相关性。结果F组和FD组血浆抵抗素水平、FINS及ISI均明显高于对照组,尤以FD组为著;且血浆抵抗素水平与FINS、FPG呈正相关,与ISI呈负相关。结论NAFLD患者血浆抵抗素水平升高（尤以并2型糖尿病者为著）,并与ISI呈负相关;此可能在NAFLD等IR相关性疾病的发生、发展中具有一定作用。     

Bile acids and insulin resistance: implications for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by an accumulation of excess triglycerides in hepatocytes, and insulin resistance is now considered the fundamental operative mechanism throughout the prevalence and progression of the disease. Besides their role in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol homeostasis, evidence has accumulated that bile acids are also signaling molecules that play two important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism: in the nuclear hormone receptors as farnesoid X receptors (FXR), as well as ligands for G‐protein‐coupled receptors TGR5. The activated FXR‐SHP pathway regulates the enterohepatic recycling and biosynthesis of bile acids and underlies the down‐regulation of hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis and very low density lipoprotein production mediated by sterol‐regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c. The bile acid‐TGR5‐cAMP‐D2 signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle in the fasting–feeding cycle increases energy expenditure and prevents obesity. Therefore, a molecular basis has been provided for a link between bile acids, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which can open novel pharmacological approaches against insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.     

Liver steatosis,but not fibrosis,is associated with insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background To address the hypothesis that liver steatosis causes systemic insulin resistance, we sought to determine the liver histological feature that most strongly contributes to insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 131 patients with clinically suspected NAFLD. The stage, grade of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and level of steatosis were scored and analyzed in relation to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), measured using the glucose clamp method. Results In the univariate analysis, the degree of hepatic steatosis (r = 0.458, P < 0.001), stage (r = 0.360, P < 0.001), and grade (r = 0.349, P < 0.01) of NASH were significantly correlated with the HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and each histological score showed that steatosis was significantly and independently associated with HOMA-IR (coefficient = 1.42, P < 0.001), but not with the stage (coefficient = 0.33, P = 0.307) or grade (coefficient = 0.67, P = 0.134) of NASH. Similar independent relationships were observed between steatosis and MCR, but the relationship was weaker (coefficient = −0.98, P = 0.076). Conclusions Steatosis of the liver, but not the stage or the grade of NASH, is associated with insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清preptin水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者血清preptin水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的相关性。方法选取2014年4-8月在上海中医药大学附属普陀医院、同济大学附属东方医院门诊、住院的72例NAFLD患者(NAFLD组),53例年龄、性别匹配的正常对照者(正常对照组)为研究对象。所有受试者进行B超检查,根据B超检查结果将NAFLD组患者分为轻度组(n=20)、中度组(n=30)和重度组(n=22)3个亚组。分别测量身高、体质量、收缩压、舒张压、腰围、臀围、肝功能、血脂、高敏C反应蛋白、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白、血清preptin水平,并计算BMI、腰臀比及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)。计量资料两组间均数比较采用两独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验;相关性分析采用Pearson相关系数法;采用多元线性回归分析各变量与preptin之间的关系,采用logistic回归分析各变量与NAFLD之间的关系。结果 NAFLD组preptin水平(385.54±72.78)pg/ml较正常组(303.85±57.54)pg/ml显著升高(t=-6.76,P0.001);轻度、中度和重度NAFLD组preptin水平逐渐升高,分别为(328.58±53.51)pg/ml﹑(376.71±57.77)pg/ml﹑(449.35±56.95)pg/ml,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=3.08,P0.001)。Pearson相关分析显示血清preptin水平与BMI(r=0.475,P0.001)、HOMA-IR(r=0.671,P0.001),FINS(r=0.763,P0.001)成正相关。多元线性回归分析显示FINS和HOMA-IR是影响血清preptin水平的独立相关因素,logistic回归分析显示preptin与NAFLD密切相关。结论 Preptin与NAFLD的发生密切相关,可能通过影响IR而参与NAFLD的发生发展。     

Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases are often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and excessive visceral fat accumulation. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the relationship between the severity of fatty liver and visceral fat accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and (2) to investigate the relationships of fatty liver with biochemical data and insulin resistance. Methods One hundred twenty-nine subjects (63 women) with fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography were enrolled. Subjects positive for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or autoimmune antibodies and those whose alcohol intake was over 20 g/day were excluded. The visceral fat area at the umbilical level and the liver–spleen ratio were evaluated by computed tomography. Results The severity of fatty liver evaluated by ultrasonography showed a significant positive relationship with the visceral fat area and waist circumstance (fatty liver severity: mild, 92.0 ± 30.9 cm²; moderate, 122.1 ± 32.6 cm²; severe, 161.0 ± 48.4 cm²; P < 0.0001). The visceral fat area and liver–spleen ratio were negatively correlated (r = −0.605, P < 0.0001). The severity of fatty liver showed strong positive relationships with serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and insulin resistance. The severity of fatty liver was positively related to the visceral fat area in 49 nonobese subjects (body mass index <25). Conclusions The severity of fatty liver was positively correlated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in both obese and nonobese subjects, suggesting that hepatic fat infiltration in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be influenced by visceral fat accumulation regardless of body mass index.     

高血压病患者非酒精性脂肪肝病与胰岛素抵抗关系探讨

探讨高血压病患者的非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。190例不伴有糖尿病的患者分为正常血压和高血压组;再根据B超诊断有无脂肪肝将高血压组分为伴NAFLD 48例（观察组）,高血压不伴NAFLD 50例（对照组）。对两组间及高血压组内的体重指数（BM I）、血压、血糖、血脂、血胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）及转氨酶等指标进行比较分析,并对NAFLD与上述指标的关系进行多因素logistic回归分析。经相关分析显示：HMOA-IR与血压升高呈显著负相关;高血压伴NAFLD组的BM I、甘油三酯、空腹胰岛素、口服75g葡萄糖后2h胰岛素、ALT,AST及HOMA-IR较不伴NAFLD组显著增高（P〈0.05-0.01）,而且NAFLD与HOMA-IR及ALT呈独立相关（P〈0.05,0.01）。高血压病伴NAFLD患者有更显著的IR,而且在非糖尿病患者中,IR是高血压和NAFLD的独立危险因素。     

Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver

Background and Aims

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is epidemiologically associated with hepatic and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether hepatic fat accumulation has a causal role in determining liver damage and insulin resistance.

Methods

We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis using risk alleles in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR and MBOAT7, and a polygenic risk score for hepatic fat, as instruments. We evaluated complementary cohorts of at‐risk individuals and individuals from the general population: 1515 from the liver biopsy cohort (LBC), 3329 from the Swedish Obese Subjects Study (SOS) and 4570 from the population‐based Dallas Heart Study (DHS).

Results

Hepatic fat was epidemiologically associated with liver damage, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The impact of genetic variants on liver damage was proportional to their effect on hepatic fat accumulation. Genetically determined hepatic fat was associated with aminotransferases, and with inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis in the LBC. Furthermore, in the LBC, the causal association between hepatic fat and fibrosis was independent of disease activity, suggesting that a causal effect of long‐term liver fat accumulation on liver disease is independent of inflammation. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with insulin resistance in the LBC and SOS. However, this association was dependent on liver damage severity. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and with a small increase in risk of type 2 diabetes in publicly available databases.

Conclusion

These data suggest that long‐term hepatic fat accumulation plays a causal role in the development of chronic liver disease.     

针药联合治疗对非酒精性脂肪肝及胰岛素抵抗的效果

[目的]探讨针灸联合中药汤剂治疗非酒精性脂肪肝并发胰岛素抵抗患者的治疗效果及应用价值。[方法]选择我院治疗的非酒精性脂肪肝并发胰岛素抵抗患者144例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用水飞蓟宾葡甲胺片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合针灸和口服中药汤剂治疗,观察2组的治疗效果。[结果]观察组治疗总有效率为94.44%,对照组治疗总有效率为79.17%,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组治疗后甘油三酯、总胆固醇、丙氨酸氨基转移酶与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组治疗后空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]采用针灸联合中药汤剂治疗非酒精性脂肪肝并发胰岛素抵抗患者疗效可靠,能有效改善患者血脂和肝脏功能,同时可以改善胰岛素抵抗的状态,值得临床推广使用。