原发性高血压患者血压变异性与缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的探究原发性高血压患者血压变异性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法随机抽取2016年3月至2018年8月我院152例原发性高血压患者为观察对象,结合头颅MRI检查结果将上述患者分为原发性高血压缺血性脑卒中组(52例)、单纯性高血压组(100例)。对比两组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病程,并分析24h舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、24h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、白天舒张压标准差(dDSD)、白天收缩压标准差(dSSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)。结果 (1)原发性高血压缺血性脑卒中组患者年龄高于单纯性高血压组,P0.05,但性别、病程、BMI和对照组无显著差异,P0.05;(2)原发性高血压缺血性脑卒中组患者24hSSD、d SSD、nSSD均高于单纯性高血压组,P0.05,但两组患者24hDSD、dDSD、nDSD无显著差异,P0.05;(3)24hSSD、d SSD、nSSD和缺血性脑卒中呈正相关,P0.05。结论年龄是导致原发性高血压患者发生缺血性脑卒中的重要危险因素,且血压变异性(尤其是24hSSD、dSSD、nSSD)与缺血性脑卒中存在较强的相关性。     

高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的血压变异性与血清瘦素、脂联素的相关性

目的探讨高血压合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血压变异性与血清瘦素、脂联素的相关性。方法选取2016年4月至2018年4月收治的高血压患者306例,根据是否合并T2DM分为单纯T2DM组100例、单纯高血压组(高血压组)108例和高血压+T2DM组98例。同期年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者100人为对照组。比较各组间基本资料、血压变异性指标,并行多元线性回归分析。结果四组间瘦素、脂联素差异有统计学意义(P0.05);四组间24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、24 h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、白天收缩压标准差(dSSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、24 h舒张压变异系数(24hdCV)差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。高血压+T2DM组与高血压组24hSSD、dSSD高于对照组,高血压+T2DM组24hSSD、dSSD高于高血压组,高血压+T2DM组24hSSD、dSSD高于T2DM组(均P0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,瘦素是24hSBP(B=0.378)、24hDBP(B=0.461)、24hSSD(B=0.083)、dSSD(B=0.061)、nSSD(B=0.093)、24 h收缩压变异系数(24hsCV,B=0.027)的危险因素,脂联素是24hSBP(B=-1.070)、24hDBP(B=-0.655)、nSSD(B=-0.185)的保护因素。结论血清高瘦素、低脂联素水平可导致高血压合并T2DM患者的血压变异性更高。     

焦虑抑郁状态对老年高血压患者动态血压影响的研究

目的探讨老年高血压伴发抑郁焦虑情绪患者的24h动态血压变化规律。方法选择老年高血压患者120例,进行抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表的心理问卷调查及汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表的评定,根据评分结果分为抑郁焦虑组75例和无抑郁焦虑组45例,对所有研究对象进行24h动态血压监测,并对结果进行比较分析。结果抑郁焦虑组24h收缩压、昼间收缩压、夜间收缩压明显高于无抑郁焦虑组[(136.0±14.6)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs(126.0±13.4)mm Hg,(139.0±15.2)mm Hg vs(130.0±13.6)mm Hg,(132.0±13.6)mm Hg vs(123.0±12.5)mm Hg,P<0.01]。抑郁焦虑组24h收缩压标准差、昼间收缩压标准差及24h收缩压加权标准差显著高于无抑郁焦虑组[(14.78±1.62)mm Hg vs(14.07±1.80)mm Hg,(13.25±2.94)mm Hg vs(12.28±3.05)mm Hg,(14.07±1.37)mm Hg vs(10.81±1.91)mm Hg,P<0.05,P<0.01]。结论有抑郁焦虑情绪的老年高血压患者血压变异性显著高于无抑郁焦虑高血压患者。     

老年高血压合并2型糖尿病患者血压变异性与基质金属蛋白酶28、白细胞介素18/白细胞介素10的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压合并2型糖尿病患者血压变异性与基质金属蛋白酶28(MMP-28)、白细胞介素18(IL-18)/白细胞介素10(IL-10)的相关性。方法入选入院确诊的老年高血压患者174例,按照是否合并糖尿病分为单纯高血压组87例,合并糖尿病组87例。所有病例均进行24h无创性动态血压监测,记录24h平均收缩压、舒张压,以各时间段(24h、白天和夜间)血压的标准差作为血压变异性的指标。检测血清MMP-28、IL-10、IL-18水平并计算IL-18/IL-10。结果合并糖尿病组患者各动态血压变异性指标均高于单纯高血压组(均P0.05);合并糖尿病组患者血清MMP-28、ln(IL-18/IL-10)水平高于单纯高血压组[分别为(2358.7±1150.4)比(1971.3±945.6)ng/L,0.5±0.8比0.2±0.7;均P0.05]。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,MMP28、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)是老年高血压患者24h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)的危险因素;ln(IL-18/IL-10)是老年高血压患者白天收缩压标准差(dSSD)、白天舒张压标准差(dDSD)的独立影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病可加重老年高血压患者的血压变异性,MMP-28及IL-18/IL-10增高可影响老年高血压患者的血压变异性。     

气道正压通气治疗对老年高血压合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血压变异性的影响

目的探讨自动调节持续气道正压通气（AUTO-CPAP）治疗对老年原发性高血压（EH）合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血压变异性（BPV）的影响。方法临床确诊60例EH合并OSAHS老年患者,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及夜间最低氧饱和度（SaO2min）,分为EH合并轻度OSAHS组（520,SaO2min〈85%）43例,在给予原有的抗高血压药物治疗同时,行AUTO-CPAP治疗20 d,治疗前后分别进行动态血压测定,比较患者BPV的变化。以各时间段血压的标准差（SD）作为血压变异的指标：24 h收缩压变异（24hSSD）和舒张压变异（24hDSD）、白昼收缩压变异（dSSD）和白昼舒张压变异（dDSD）、夜间收缩压变异（nSSD）和夜间舒张压变异（nDSD）。结果EH合并轻度OSAHS患者,行AUTO-CPAP治疗后与治疗前比较,患者的24hSSD、24hDSD、dSSD、dDSD、nDSD无显著差异（P〉0.05）,nSSD有显著差异（P〈0.05）。EH合并中重度OSAHS组,行AUTO-CPAP治疗后与治疗前比较,24hDSD、dDSD无显著差异（P〉0.05）,24hSSD、dSSD、nDSD、nSSD有显著差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论在原有高血压药物治疗同时,AUTO-CPAP治疗可显著改善EH合并OSAHS患者的BPV,较EH合并轻度OSAHS患者而言,EH合并中重度OSAHS患者的BPV的改善可能更为明显。     

老年高血压患者焦虑抑郁情绪对血压变异性、心率变异性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨老年高血压患者焦虑抑郁情绪对血压变异性、心率变异性和生活质量的影响。方法选取60例高血压合并焦虑抑郁老年患者为观察组,同期诊治的单纯老年高血压患者60例为对照组。监测两组动态血压、动态心电图,计算比较血压变异性、心率变异性等指标,并比较两组生活质量评分。结果观察组24 h收缩压变异性(24 h SSD)、白昼收缩压变异性(dSSD)均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而两组24 h舒张压变异性(24 h DSD)、白昼舒张压变异性(dDSD)、夜间收缩压变异性(nSSD)、夜间舒张压变异性(nDSD)比较无明显差异(P0.05)。观察组正常窦性节律R-R间期总体标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差的均方根(rMSSD)、每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的生理职能(RP)、生理功能(PF)、总体健康(CH)、躯体疼痛(BP)、活力(VT)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)、社会功能(SF)等八个方面的评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论伴有焦虑抑郁情绪的老年高血压患者的动态血压变化幅度增加,血压变异性增加,而心率变异性、生活质量均显著降低。因此,可通过加强对老年高血压患者的心理疏导和支持以减少焦虑抑郁情绪的出现,从而改善老年患者的血压、心率变异性及生活质量。     

原发性高血压病人盐敏感风险分层与血压变异性的相关性分析

目的 探究原发性高血压病人盐敏感风险分层和血压变异性的相关性。方法 选取2016年1月—2019年12月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的原发性高血压病人730例,根据病人24 h动态血压监测情况对其进行盐敏感性风险分层,根据受试者24 h心率和血压昼夜节律是否为杓型分为低危组、中危组、高危组。分析盐敏感风险分层与血压变异性的相关性,通过COX多因素回归分析原发性高血压病人发生心血管事件的影响因素,并通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析影响因素的预测价值。结果 高风险组年龄大于低风险组,心血管家族史比例高于中风险组、低风险组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、每5 min总心搏数R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、24 h心率(24 hHR)、日间收缩压(dSBP)、日间舒张压(dDBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)、夜间舒张压(nDBP)、全天平均收缩压(24 hMSBP)、全天平均舒张压(24 hMDBP)、白天收缩压标准差(dSSD)、白天舒张压标准差(dDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、24 h收缩压标准差(24 hSSD)、白天收...     

原发性高血压患者血清25羟基维生素D水平与血压变异性及昼夜节律的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血清25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与血压变异性(BPV)及昼夜节律的相关性。方法检测389例未经治疗的原发性高血压患者的血清25(OH)D浓度,按血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为25(OH)D正常组(30nmol/L,89例)、25(OH)D轻度缺乏组(16~30nmol/L,120例)、25(OH)D重度缺乏组(16nmol/L,180例),对所有患者行24h动态血压监测,记录24h、白天、夜间平均收缩压和舒张压值,比较25(OH)D水平与BPV及昼夜节律的关系。以标准差作为BPV指标。结果高血压患者中25(OH)D正常者占22.9%,轻度缺乏者占30.8%,重度缺乏者占46.3%;女性25(OH)D水平低于男性[(15.20±8.23)比(19.47±7.02)nmol/L,P0.05]。3组间24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、24h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、24h舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、白天收缩压标准差(dSSD)、白天舒张压标准差(dDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)、夜间收缩压和舒张压下降率的差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);重度缺乏组24h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、白天平均舒张压(dDBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)较25(OH)D正常组及轻度缺乏组高(均P0.05),后两组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,25(OH)D与24hSSD、24hDSD、dSSD、dDSD、nSSD、nDSD呈负相关(分别r=-0.583、-0.530、-0.520、-0.389、-0.463、-0.377),与夜间收缩压和舒张压下降率呈正相关(r=0.308、r=0.336),均P0.01。多元线性回归分析显示,25(OH)D是24hSSD(B=-0.227)、24hDSD(B=-0.193)、dSSD(B=-0.211)、dDSD(B=-0.119)、nSSD(B=-0.193)、nDSD(B=-0.136)及夜间收缩压和舒张压下降率(B=0.273、0.329)的影响因素(均P0.01)。结论血清25(OH)D可能是原发性高血压患者BPV及昼夜节律改变的影响因素。     

高血压患者24h动态血压的昼夜规律及变异性研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者血压昼夜规律及血压波动程度即变异性的临床意义.方法 回顾分析65例EH患者24 h动态血压（24 h ABPM）监测报告.将65例EH患者分为两组：一组为高血压伴左心室肥大（LVH）30例,另一组为高血压不伴左心室肥大35例.选择同期健康体检者30名为正常血压对照组.对下列参数进行分析：①24 h平均收缩压（24 h SBP）与舒张压（24 h DBP）;②白昼平均收缩压（dSBP）与舒张压（dDBP）;③夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）与舒张压（nDBP）;④24 h收缩压标准差（24 h SSD）与舒张压标准差（24 h DSD）;⑤白昼收缩压标准差（dSSD）与舒张压标准差（dDSD）;⑥夜间收缩压标准差（nSSD）和舒张压标准差（nDSD）;⑦夜间/白昼平均收缩压比值（nSBP/dSBP）与舒张压比值（nDBP/dDBP）.结果 高血压伴LVH组与正常对照组或高血压无LVH组比较,24 h各时间段的血压均值及血压变异性差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,血压昼夜（清醒/睡眠）规律性不明显,nSBP/dSBP比值显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）.高血压无LVH组与正常对照组比较,血压均值差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,血压大多有较明显昼夜（清醒/睡眠）变化规律,血压变异性比较除白昼收缩压变异性有明显差异外,其余差异无统计学意义.结论 高血压不合并靶器官损害时,血压的变异性不显著,有明显昼夜规律性;高血压合并靶器官损害时,血压的变异性增大,无明显昼夜规律性,nSBP/dSBP比值明显增高.利用这些指标可评估高血压患者是否有靶器官损害,以便更有效地控制血压,减少并发症.     

原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律、血压变异性与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律、血压变异性与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:入选原发性高血压患者120例,行24 h动态血压监测,根据血压昼夜节律分为杓型组(n=22)、非杓型组(n=36)和反杓型组(n=62)。分析比较3组的血压变异性、冠心病发生率及颈动脉斑块检出率。结果:反杓型组的24 h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、24 h舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、白昼收缩压标准差(dSSD)、白昼舒张压标准差(dDSD)、24 h收缩压变异系数(24hSBP-CV)、夜间收缩压变异系数(nSBP-CV)均低于杓型组;反杓型组的24hDSD、dDSD、24hDBP-CV低于非勺型组;反杓型组冠心病发生率及颈动脉斑块检出率较杓型组明显升高(P均<0.05)。结论:原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律异常对动脉粥样硬化进展可能有促进作用。     

丁螺环酮联合米氮平治疗老年期抑郁症的对照研究

目的观察丁螺环酮联合米氮平治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法57例老年抑郁症患者分为2组,丁螺环酮联合米氮平治疗30例,为研究组,单用米氮平27例,为对照组。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和不良反应量表（TESS）分别观察疗效和不良反应,连续观察6周。结果 在治疗第1周,2组HAMD和HAMA评分均下降,但2组间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。第2周末开始2组间HAMD和HAMA评分差异无显著性。第6周末2组显效率分别为83．3％和81．5％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组间TESS评分每周差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 丁螺环酮联合米氮平治疗老年期抑郁症起效更快,病人的满意度和依从性更好。     

Evaluation of psychopathology in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

BACKGROUND: A higher prevalence of anxiety- and depression-related symptoms are expected in patients with at least one somatic disease and who are on medications compared with the general population. OBJECTIVES: To determine if patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) show a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with a control population. The induction of depressive symptoms by beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers was also evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (17 women, eight men) with documented PSVT (atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia or atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia) were evaluated by a battery of questionnaires and inventories, which provide information about the presence of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. All patients were examined by a psychiatrist and completed the following five scales: Symptom Checklist-90, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale and Beck Self-Assessment Depression Scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the evaluations (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Self-Assessment Depression Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale), did not show a higher incidence of severe symptoms of depression in the group of patients with PSVT. However, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale rated the symptoms of depression as significant, but the score was low enough to be considered nonsignificant. According to the Symptom Checklist-90, men perceived the presence of the cardiological disease more intensively and more negatively than women (P=0.1). Psychiatric history and therapy with psychopharmacological agents were comparable in both groups. It was noted that patients had sporadic contacts with a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but this was not directly associated with PSVT.     

5-羟色胺与焦虑、抑郁的关系及其在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎患者5-羟色胺与焦虑、抑郁评分的关系,进一步探讨神经肽及焦虑、抑郁因素在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用。方法收集UC病例（42例）、IBS病例（20例）及正常对照（10例）的结肠镜活检标本。采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对所有受试者进行焦虑抑郁评分;应用高效液相色谱法检测肠黏膜中5-羟色胺的含量。结果 UC患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁症状,中重度UC患者结肠黏膜中5-HT的含量均较正常对照组增高,尤其重度UC增高明显,UC患者焦虑、抑郁评分与肠黏膜5-HT含量呈正相关,并在一定程度上反映临床轻重程度分级。结论 UC存在神经内分泌的改变,且神经激素的改变可能参与UC疾病进展。     

黛力新治疗胆汁反流性残胃炎并焦虑抑郁的疗效观察

目的观察运用黛力新治疗胆汁反流性残胃炎合并焦虑、抑郁状态患者的疗效。方法运用Hamilton焦虑量表（HAMA）和抑郁量表（HAMD）评分筛选出合并焦虑、抑郁状态的胆汁反流性残胃炎患者49例,随机分为黛力新组25例和常规治疗组24例,常规治疗组采用多潘立酮、铝碳酸镁治疗,黛力新组在常规治疗组的基础上加用黛力新治疗,疗程均为4周,比较两组患者治疗后症状缓解和生活质量改善情况。结果与治疗前相比,黛力新组治疗后症状明显缓解,有效率为88．0％,较常规治疗组（62．5％）显著提高,且症状积分、HAMA、HAMD量表评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对胆汁反流性残胃炎合并焦虑、抑郁状态患者应注意焦虑、抑郁等精神心理障碍的评估,对合并焦虑、抑郁状态患者行常规治疗联合黛力新改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,可以有效缓解躯体症状,提高生活质量。     

Predictors of burnout in the family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to burnout in the family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Subjects included in the study were 44 Alzheimer's disease patients and their primary caregivers. Patients were evaluated with Mini Mental State Examination, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale, and carers were administered Maslach Burnout Inventory, Ways of Coping Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: The emotional exhaustion of caregivers revealed a significant relationship with the caregivers’ anxiety, submissive approach for coping and the patient's self‐maintenance. Depersonalisation was found to be related to the depression score of the patient. Discussion: This study may serve to increase clinicians’ awareness of burnout in relatives of dementia patients. It points to the fact that research for determining the causes and consequences of burnout in the family caregivers is warranted.     

Unexpected association between joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder

Joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT) is a largely unrecognized, heritable connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by joint instability complications, widespread musculoskeletal pain, and minor skin features. In a case–control study, 47 consecutive JHS/EDS-HT patients were investigated for the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and compared to 45 healthy controls in a single center. The psychiatric evaluation consisted of structured clinical interview for DSM-IV criteria by using the SCID-I and the SCID-II. Symptom severity was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was used to assess the overall severity of psychological, social, and occupational functions. JHS/EDS-HT patients had significantly higher mean scores for all questionnaires: HAM-A (6.7 vs. 3.8), HAM-D (6.4 vs. 2.7), GAF (75.0 vs. 86.1), and BPRS (27.5 vs. 25.6). The JHS/EDS-HT group had a 4.3 higher risk of being affected by any psychiatric disorder, and in particular, a 5.8 higher risk of having a personality disorder. In particular, 5 JHS/EDS-HT suffered from obsessive–compulsive personality disorder with an observed prevalence rate of 10.6 % (3.6–23.1). Psychiatric assessment of JHS/EDS-HT patients showed an extremely high prevalence of personality disorders (21 %), and of Axis-I disorders (38 %), mostly depressive. This study did not confirm the previously reported increased rate of panic disorders in JHS/EDS-HT.     

心脏急症与稳定性冠心病患者合并心理问题现状分析

目的 心脏急症患者、稳定性冠心病患者和冠状动脉造影阴性者合并心理疾患的比较.方法 对298例疑诊为冠心病的患者根据冠状动脉病变情况分为:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组128例、稳定性冠心病组108例、阴性对照组62例.分别在入院冠状动脉造影前、冠状动脉造影后3 d、出院前1 d进行Zung抑郁自评量表(Zung self-rating depression scale,SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(Zung self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HRSD)进行评估.结果 ACS组患者入院时有抑郁症状和焦虑症状的患者分别占65.6%(84/128),78.9%(101/128);随着治疗的进行,抑郁和焦虑的比例明显下降,出院时分别占45.3%(58/128)和64.8%(83/128,P<0.05).入院时,稳定性冠心病患者的抑郁和焦虑的比例分别为18.5%(20/108)和26.9%(29/108),对照组分别为32.3%(20/62)和25.8%(16/62),两组患者抑郁、焦虑比例在治疗过程中并无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 心理问题和冠心病共存在心内科常见,在ACS中更为突出.对于稳定性冠心病和冠状动脉造影阴性的患者应注意心理因素的影响.     

Physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors and white coat hypertension

Patients with hypertension in the clinic but not during daily activities ("white coat" hypertension) may be at lower risk of hypertensive morbidity and mortality than patients with hypertension in both settings ("persistent" hypertension). We hypothesized that the white coat phenomenon was due to greater blood pressure reactivity to the stress of a clinic visit and that, as a consequence, white coat hypertensive patients would display greater blood pressure reactivity to exercise and mental stress, as well as increased emotional reactivity and higher levels of anger, anxiety, or depression. We studied 89 patients with essential hypertension between 29 and 59 years old with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, treadmill exercise testing with oxygen consumption measurement, mental stress testing (including mental arithmetic, public speaking, and video game tasks), and psychological testing (State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, emotional reactivity scale). We defined white coat hypertension as a mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure of 135 mm Hg or less and diastolic 85 mm Hg or less and persistent hypertension as a mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more or diastolic 90 mm Hg or more. Forty-nine patients were classified as persistent hypertensives and 20 as white coat hypertensives. No significant differences were seen in demographic or clinical characteristics, fitness level, blood pressure response to exercise or mental stress, or psychological characteristics, except that white coat hypertensive patients had lower systolic blood pressures in the clinic and during exercise and greater variability of clinic diastolic blood pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

顽固性功能性消化不良患者临床特征分析

目的 研究顽固性功能性消化不良（FD）患者临床症状结构和心理学特征。方法 对60例顽固性FD患者和30例消化性溃疡（PU）患者进行症状问卷,汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）调查评定。结果 FD组症状频率显著高于PU组,且症状结构呈多系统性,而PU组症状仍主要集中在消化系统;两组在HAMA和HAMD因子中,作日夜变化。绝望感外,差异有非常显著性,结论 顽固性FD患者临床症状较多且呈多系统性,伴焦虑和抑郁情绪。     

Psychopathology of first-episode psychosis in HIV-positive persons in comparison to first-episode schizophrenia: a neglected issue

This study aims to detect different psychopathological dimensions in first-episode psychoses with different underlying causes. We evaluated 22 subjects with first-episode psychosis, who differed in biological variables (HIV-positive versus HIV-negative) and who were compared by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-Reviewer, the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination. HIV-positive subjects had higher mean scores on the global BPRS and on the paranoid Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale subscale compared with HIV-negative subjects. Conversely, higher prevalence of affective and anxious symptoms was found in the HIV-negative patients in comparison to HIV-positives. HIV-positives had significantly greater attention/concentration impairment than HIV-negative persons. In conclusion, taking into account psychopathological dimensions may help psychiatrists in clinical decision-making regarding the differential diagnosis of psychotic symptoms. The psychopathological pattern of first-episode psychosis in HIV-positive patients may represent an 'elementary model' of acute psychosis characterized by paranoid delusions in the absence of the usual affective symptoms.