广州东部HPV基因型分布及其优势基因型E6／E7核酸序列分析

目的研究广州东部人乳头瘤病毒基因型分布特征,并获取优势基因型早基因E6／E7的核酸序列,进行变异分析,为本课题组下一步新型分子诊断方法的研发提供目标序列。方法通过导流杂交基因芯片技术进行宫颈脱落细胞标本的人乳头瘤病毒基因分型检测,分析本地区基因型分布特征,确定优势基因型;根据GenBank序列设计特异性引物,用于扩增优势基因型的早基因E6／E7的编码区序列,克隆后测序并对序列进行变异分析。结果通过导流杂交基因芯片技术进行宫颈脱落细胞标本的分型检测,检测了536份宫颈脱落细胞标本,HPV阳性占27.2％（146／536）,其中多基因型感染占29.5％（43／146）,高危型感染中52型为优势基因型,频数达23.3％（37／159）。HPV感染与52型HPV感染的年龄分布显示低年龄组（即A组,≤25岁）妇女最高。3份52型HPV感染阳性标本的核酸模板,通过特异性引物均成功扩增出大小接近750bp的目的序列;分别克隆到T载体上并测序,得到3条人乳头瘤病毒52型早表达基因E6／E7的编码区序列,克隆后测序并对序列进行变异分析;3条序列经BLAST分析,与GenBank数据库HPV52型序列（Accession：X74481）的E6／E7编码区序列一致性均为99％,三条序列（EU924143、EU924144、EU924145）存在6种碱基置换,其中2种可引起所编码的相应氨基酸残基改变。结论本研究可确认广州东部地区妇女宫颈感染HPV中A组（17-25岁）具有最高的感染率;宫颈感染HPV的优势基因型为52型;我们通过克隆策略得到了与HPV高危型52型X74481高度相似的E6／E7编码序列,为课题组后续进行的HPV致病机制和新型分子检测方法研究提供了重要基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7疫苗的研究进展

自从 1977年ZurHausen氏提出人乳头瘤病毒 (HuamnPapil lomavirus ,HPV)是妇女宫颈癌病因的假说以来 ,几十年来对HPV的基因及蛋白等结构和功能的研究表明 ,HPV16型是引发宫颈癌等多种肿瘤的主要病毒。它的致癌基因E6/E7在HPV16型致病过程中有重要的作用。针对于HPV16型E7的疫苗研究将有可能为病毒引起的肿瘤的预防和治疗带来新的途径。1　人乳头瘤病毒 16型 (HPV16)与疾病的关系乳头瘤病毒的许多基本特征不同于空泡病毒 ,已经被分成一类独立的病毒[1] 。人乳头瘤病毒以人为单一宿主 ,常存在于人体各部 ,是嗜上皮性病毒。主要引起…     

痘苗病毒转移载体pSC65-HPV18 E6、E7的构建及鉴定

目的　构建及鉴定含有人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus, HPV）18型E6、E7基因的痘苗病毒转移载体pSC65-HPV18 E6、E7。方法　以HPV18型全基因质粒为模板,PCR扩增HPV18 E6、E7基因,克隆到痘苗病毒转移载体pSC65中,获得重组转移载体pSC65-HPV18 E6、E7。重组转移载体转化大肠杆菌,挑取孤立菌落PCR初步筛选。选择阳性菌落提取质粒,酶切及测序鉴定。结果　阳性菌落质粒酶切结果显示有340bp、500 bp大小的目的基因片段,表明为重组转移载体。测序结果证实重组转移载体包含HPV18 E6、E7基因。 结论　成功构建包含HPV18 E6、E7基因的痘苗病毒转移载体pSC65-HPV18 E6、E7,研究结果为进一步构建包含HPV18 E6、E7基因的重组痘苗病毒奠定基础。     

人乳头状瘤病毒16型E6E7基因与MCA、TPA协同诱导细胞恶性转化的实验研究

目的探讨人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16型E6E7基因与化学致癌物MCA、TPA对Balb/c 3T3细胞恶性转化的协同作用。方法构建含HPV16 E6E7基因的重组质粒,用其转染Balb/c 3T3细胞。采用RT-PCR和Westernblot技术检测HPV16 E6E7基因和蛋白表达;应用细胞转化实验研究由MCA和TPA诱导的细胞恶性转化;并检验转化细胞在软琼脂上形成集落的能力及对SCID小鼠的致瘤能力。结果转染HPV16 E6E7基因的细胞比未转染细胞形成更多的转化灶,转化灶个数增加4～25倍,且实验时间明显缩短;其转化细胞在软琼脂上形成集落的能力及对SCID小鼠的致瘤能力更强。结论 HPV16 E6E7基因与MCA、TPA可协同诱导Balb/c 3T3细胞恶性转化。     

新疆妇女宫颈脱落细胞HPV16E6基因的PCR及荧光定量PCR检测

目的:了解新疆妇女人乳头瘤病毒16型(13PV16)的感染状况。方法:用PCR及荧光定量PCR(FQ—PCR)方法检测妇科门诊普通患宫颈脱落细胞及分泌物中人乳头瘤病毒16型E6基因(HPV16E6),以普通门诊患宫颈脱落细胞及分泌物DNA作为样本,以人乳头瘤病毒(HPV16E6)作为扩增的靶基因,同时以人β—actin基因片段作为细胞内参照,借助于两对引物,两个特异的荧光探针,用荧光定量PCR(FQ—PCR)方法对这两个片段进行扩增,得到单位细胞HPV16E6的相对含量;同时进行定性PCR检测。结果:宫颈脱落细胞标本159例中,β—actin阳性154例;HPV16E6阳性共12例,阳性率为7．8％。PCR与FQ—PCR结果基本一致,但FQ—PCR更敏感。结论:建立的FQ—PCR检测宫颈脱落细胞内：HPV16E6基因的方法,能反映单位细胞内病毒的复制情况,可用于性传播感染(STI)及宫颈癌的筛查。     

人乳头状瘤病毒E2蛋白相关疫苗的研究进展

人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染与生殖器疣、生殖器肿瘤的发生有关,95％以上的宫颈癌伴有HPV感染。HPV基因组分为长控区（LCR）、早期区（E区）和晚期区（L区）,其中E区基因分别编码早期蛋白质E1、E2、E4、E5、E6和E7。目前的HPV治疗性疫苗主要是针对E6、研的重组基因疫苗。然而,在癌前病变中眩呈高表达,E6、E7则呈低表达。     

人乳头瘤病毒58型E6E7融合基因重组巨细胞病毒的构建及鉴定

目的 利用人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)58突变型E6E7(Mutant type E6E7,mE6E7)融合基因为靶点,巨细胞病毒株(Towne株)细菌人工染色体(SW102 Towne bacterial artificial chromosome,SW102-T-BAC)为载体,构建携带HPV58 mE6E7融合基因的重组病毒,探讨HPV58mE6E7的转化活性。方法 PCR扩增带有50 bp Towne 开放读码框(open reading frame,ORF)75左右同源臂的GalK、mE6E7及野生型E6E7(Wild type E6E7,wE6E7)融合基因片段,切胶回收纯化;将GalK片段电转到(SW102-T-BAC)感受态细胞,经过同源重组、GalK及氯霉素抗性筛选,获得SW102-T-ORF75-Galk-BAC克隆;然后分别将纯化的mE6E7及wE6E7电转到SW102-T-ORF75-Galk-BAC感受态细胞,经脱GalK及氯霉素抗性筛选,获得SW102-T-ORF75-mE6E7-BAC及SW102-T-ORF75-wE6E7-BAC克隆;提取所得克隆质粒DNA,转染ARPE-19细胞(以转染SW102-T-BAC的细胞及未转染细胞为对照),逆转录PCR及测序分析验证转染细胞中mE6E7及wE6E7的表达状况;观察重组病毒T-ORF75-mE6E7及T-ORF75-wE6E7对转染ARPE-19细胞的影响,通过软琼脂克隆分析mE6E7及wE6E7转化活性。结果 获得了SW102-T-ORF75-mE6E7-BAC及SW102-T-ORF75-wE6E7-BAC的克隆。逆转录PCR及测序分析验证转染细胞中mE6E7及wE6E7的表达正确。转染SW102-T-ORF75-wE6E7-BAC的细胞生长失去接触抑制,出现重叠生长现象,其形态由原来梭形变为变圆、肿胀、胞浆颗粒增多;并且在软琼脂中能够形成克隆;而转染SW102-T-ORF75-mE6E7-BAC、SW102-T-BAC及未转染细胞未出现上述细胞的特点。结论 获得了T-ORF75-mE6E7及T-ORF75-wE6E7重组病毒,并且重组病毒T-ORF75-mE6E7的转化活性已消除,为HPV58型治疗性疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

宫颈癌组织中HPV16型E6/E7序列突变分析

目的：分析泉州地区宫颈癌患者HPV16型E6/E7序列突变情况,探讨其与宫颈癌发生的相关性。方法：取35例HPV16阳性的宫颈癌组织标本,采用PCR法扩增E6、E7全长基因。PCR产物直接测序,并与野生型序列进行比对。分析E6、E7基因的变异情况。结果：E6、E7基因的突变率分别为91.4%和89.2%。E6基因中有10个位点为错义突变, 2个位点为无义突变。氨基酸突变频率最高的是D25E（77.1%）。E7基因中共发现5个突变位点,有2个位点为错义突变,3个位点为无义突变,突变频率最高是N29S和无义突变T846C（均为75.0%）。结论：HPV16 E6、E7基因中最常见突变位点D25E、N29S和T846C可能与宫颈癌的发生密切相关,可为研究针对中国人群的HPV疫苗提供一定的线索。     

HPV16/18E6和P53基因蛋白在喉鳞癌中的表达及其相关性研究

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒16/18型早期蛋白E6(HPV16/18 E6)、P^53基因蛋白在喉鳞癌(LSCC)中的表达及其相关性.方法免疫组化SABC法检测HPV16/18E6和P^53基因蛋白在LSCC及声带息肉中的表达.结果 HPV16/18E6在声带息肉中未见表达,在LSCC中的表达率为40.0%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05). P^53基因蛋白在声带息肉与LSCC中的表达率分别为6.66%和66.2%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).HPV16/18E6及 P^53基因蛋白的表达与LSCC临床分期、淋巴结转移有关.二者的表达无明显相关性.结论 HPV16/18型感染和P^53基因异常与LSCC发生、发展有关.HPV16/18E6与P^53基因功能异常无明显相关性.     

HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测用于绝经后未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞分流筛查的价值

目的 评估人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA检测在绝经后未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)分流筛查中的诊断效能.方法 收集液基细胞学结果为ASCUS的绝经后患者196例,收集子宫颈管、子宫颈移行带及子宫颈表面的细胞,分别行子宫颈高危人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV)DNA、HPV E6/E7 mRNA...     

HPV16 E6/E7基因及蛋白表达与宫颈癌的相关性研究

目的研究人乳头状瘤病毒16型（HPV16）E6／E7基因及其蛋白表达在宫颈疾病及其癌变中的作用。方法运用PCR技术检测51例宫颈癌（癌症组）、20例富颈上皮瘤变（CIN）Ⅱ～Ⅲ级（CIN组）、20例宫颈炎（炎症组）患者病变组织中HPV16 E6／E7基因,并运用免疫组化SP法检测癌症组癌组织中HPV16E6、E7的表达情况。结果癌症组、CIN组、炎症组HPV16 E6检出率分别为5％、35％、45％．后两者明显高于前者（P〈0．05）,HPV16 E7检出率分别为65％、75％、68．6％,P均〉0．05;癌症组45例HPV16 E6和42例E7蛋白阳性表达（88．2％、82．3％）。HPV16 E6蛋白表达与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结有无转移均无相关性（P〉0．05）,HPV16 E7蛋白表达与临床分期和淋巴结有无转移相关（P〈0．05）,与肿瘤分化程度无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论HPV16 E6／E7基因与宫颈疾病及其癌变的关系密切。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型(新疆株)E6基因的原核表达

根据人乳头瘤病毒16（新疆株）E6基因编码序列设计引物，从含有HPV16 E6基因的质粒中扩增出含HPV16 E6基因的CNA片段，该片段全长450bp，将所得片段与pMD18-T载体连接，转化到JM109大肠杆菌中，筛选的阳性克隆扩增后，提取质粒DNA，用BamH I和Sal I酶切，回收450bp的目的片段，定向克隆到pET28a中，转化JM109受体菌，从JM109受体菌中提出质粒，再转化到BL21（DE3）中，筛选出转化体，用IPTG诱导表达，在PAGE上见到所表达的18kD的特异性的HPV16（新疆株）E6蛋白条带。     

Genotypic distribution of human papillomavirus and phylogenetic analysis of E6 and E7 gene of HR-HPV variants isolated from Pakistani population

High-risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-induced cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death among females worldwide. HPV16 is the most prevalent HR-HPV infection worldwide. This study found the genotypic distribution of HR-HPV in the local population and investigated the sequence variations among the E6 and E7 oncogenes of the local HPV16 genotype to the E6 and E7 oncogenes of the foreign HPV16 genotypes and constructed a phylogenetic relationship based on nucleotide sequence comparison among the variants identified in our study along with previously reported isolates that were obtained from different regions of the world. The samples were collected from patients with cervical cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted, and HR-HPV genotypes were determined using real-time PCR. The HPV16 E6 and E7 genes were amplified and sequenced. A HPV16 phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with MEGA 7. HPV16 was the most prevalent human papillomavirus (HPV) type identified in the present study. HPV16 isolates belonged to the A1 sublineage of the European branch. Twenty-one nucleotide sequences were included in this analysis. The first, second, and third codon positions are also included. The final dataset included 776 positions.     

Comparative virologic studies of condylomata acuminata reveal a lack of dual infections with human papillomaviruses.

Condylomata acuminata are epithelial proliferations caused by infection of the anogenital squamous epithelium with human papillomavirus (HPV). DNA-DNA hybridization techniques and the extremely sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to analyze biopsies from patients with clinically diagnosed condyloma acuminatum for the presence of HPV DNA. PCR analyses using primers and oligonucleotide probes specific for the E6/E7 region of HPV-6, -11, or -16 showed that 31 (93.9%) of 33 tissue biopsies contained HPV DNA: 22 contained type 6 DNA, 6 contained type 11 DNA, and 3 contained type 16 DNA. Eleven biopsies positive by PCR were Southern hybridization-negative or were considered inadequate for Southern analysis. In all 11, the presence of HPV DNA was corroborated by the observation of histopathologic evidence suggestive of HPV infection or by in situ hybridization. No evidence of multiple infections with HPV-6 or -11 and HPV-16 was seen.     

Identification of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA,p16, and E6/E7 Oncoproteins in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Human papillomavirus (HPV) was proven to play a significant role in cancer development in the oropharynx. However, its role in the development of laryngeal (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remains to be clarified. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) viral proteins E6 and E7 are considered to be pertinent to HPV-related carcinogenesis. Hence, our aim was to estimate LSCC and HPSCC for HR-HPV DNA, p16, and E6/E7 oncoprotein status by using molecular virology and immunohistochemistry methods. The prevalence of HPV16 infection was 22/41 (53.7%) and 20/31 (64.5%) for LSCC and HPSCC, accordingly. The majority of HPV16+ tumor samples were stage III or IV. In most samples, the presence of either HPV16 E6 or HPV16 E7 viral protein in dysplastic or tumor cells was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest a high prevalence of HPV16 as a primary HR-HPV type in LSCC and HPSCC. The lack of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins in some tumor samples may suggest either the absence of viral integration or the presence of other mechanisms of tumorigenesis. The utilization of p16 IHC as a surrogate marker of HR-HPV infection is impractical in LSCC and HPSCC.     

Presence of HPV DNA in extracellular vesicles from HeLa cells and cervical samples

IntroductionThe main cause of cervical cancer is an infection of keratinocytes in the basal layer of the stratified epithelium of the cervix by human papillomavirus (HPV). Other than in cervical samples, HPV DNA has been found in serum and other fluids but its origin is unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EV) could be a conveyance of viral DNA given their emerging role in cellular communication. The content of EV derived from cervical cells has not been properly explored and it is not known whether or not they contain HPV DNA.MethodsWe evaluated the DNA content of exosomes purified from cultures of HeLa cells by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and confirmed its presence by PCR. The presence of HPV DNA was also evaluated by PCR and NGS in EV from HPV-positive cervical samples without apparent lesion or with LSIL.ResultsWe detected the integrated form of viral-DNA in exosomes from HeLa cells by NGS and confirmed its presence by PCR. The search for HPV sequences in EV obtained from cervical exudate samples without apparent lesion or with LSIL, where we expected to find the viral genome as an episome, indicated that HPV DNA, including the E6 and E7 oncogenes, is present in these EV.ConclusionHPV DNA, including the viral oncogenes E6/E7, is found in exosomes regardless of the integration status of the virus in the infected cell.     

Detection of human papillomavirus in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its adjacent normal epithelium

AIM: To investigate the putative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China. METHODS: Twenty-three esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and the distal normal epithelium from Shanxi Province, and 25 more esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples from Anyang city, two areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in China, were detected for the existence of HPV-16 DNA by PCR, mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) targeting HPV-16 E6 gene. RESULTS: There were approximately 64 % (31/48) patients having HPV-16 DNA in tumor samples, among them nearly two-thirds (19/31) samples were detected with mRNA expression of HPV-16 E6. However, in the normal esophageal epithelium from cancer patients, the DNA and mRNA of HPV-16 were found with much less rate: 34.7 % (8/23) and 26.1 % (6/23) respectively. In addition, at protein level detected by IHC assay, 27.1 % (13/48) tumor samples had virus oncoprotein E6 expression, while only one case of normal epithelium was found positive. CONCLUSION: HPV infection, especially type 16, should be considered as a risk factor for esophageal malignancies in China.