Association between dairy consumption,dietary calcium intake and general and abdominal obesity among Iranian adults

Aim

To assess the association of dairy consumption and dietary calcium intake with general and abdominal obesity in a large sample of Iranian adults.

The link between obesity and asthma: A Canadian perspective

Asthma is considered to be more prevalent in obese subjects, and a possible causal link between these two entities has been suggested. In the present study, various observations on this relationship were reviewed, and an analysis of data obtained from the 2000 to 2001 Canadian Community Health Survey on the prevalence of self-reported asthma, medication use and allergy, according to body weight, was reported. Asthma medication use and self-reported asthma were more prevalent in the obese population, particularly in women. Mean body mass index was higher in the asthmatic population compared with the nonasthmatic population. Self-reported nonfood-related allergies were higher in the more obese subjects in the general population, but the prevalence of allergy was not different in obese asthmatic subjects compared with nonobese asthmatic subjects. Smoking did not seem to influence the relationship between asthma and body mass index. Further research should investigate the mechanisms by which obesity may influence the prevalence of asthma or asthma-like symptoms.     

The relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and obesity indicators in Iranian adults

Background and aimsFood processing changes the nature of foods, and it is growing globally due to its availability and affordability and its effects on the palatability of foods. Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) may adversely affect weight gain.The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between UPFs consumption and adiposity among Iranian adults.Methods and resultsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 1459 Iranian adults (≥19 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and foods were classified based on the NOVA system. Overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and < 30, ≥30, respectively, and waist circumference (WC) ≥91 for women and WC ≥ 89 for men. The odds of general and abdominal obesity across the quartiles of UPFs were assessed by binary logistic regression.UPFs consumption contributed to 20.17% of daily energy intake. After adjustment for potential confounders, UPFs consumption was not associated with general or abdominal obesity. However, in the fully adjusted model, men in the top quartile of UPFs were twice as likely to be overweight compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.10; P = 0.047). No association was found in women or stratified analysis by age.ConclusionThe present findings suggest a sex-specific association between UPFs consumption and overweight. UPFs consumption might be associated with an increased risk of overweight in men, but no such association was found in women. Future cohort studies are required to confirm these results.     

Prevalence and associated factors of obesity in inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, an increasing prevalence of obesity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observed. Obesity, moreover, has been directly correlated with a more severe clinical course and loss of response to treatment.AIMTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of obesity in IBD.METHODSWe collected data about IBD disease pattern and activity, drugs and laboratory investigations in our center. Anthropometric measures were retrieved and obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30. Then, we compared characteristics of obese vs non obese patients, and Chi-squared test and Student’s t test were used for discrete and continuous variables, respectively, at univariate analysis. For multivariate analysis, we used binomial logistic regression and estimated odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to ascertain factors associated with obesity.RESULTSWe enrolled 807 patients with IBD, either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). Four hundred seventy-four patients were male (58.7%); the average age was 46.2 ± 13.2 years; 438 (54.2%) patients had CD and 369 (45.8%) UC. We enrolled 378 controls, who were comparable to IBD group for age, sex, BMI, obesity, diabetes and abdominal circumference, while more smokers and more subjects with hypertension were observed among controls. The prevalence of obesity was 6.9% in IBD and 7.9% in controls (not statistically different; P = 0.38). In the comparison of obese IBD patients and obese controls, we did not find any difference regarding diabetes and hypertension prevalence, nor in sex or smoking habits. Obese IBD patients were younger than obese controls (51.2  ± 14.9 years vs 60.7 ± 12.1 years, P = 0.03). At univariate analysis, obese IBD were older than normal weight ones (51.2 ± 14.9 vs 44.5 ± 15.8, P = 0.002). IBD onset age was earlier in obese population (44.8 ± 13.6 vs 35.6 ± 15.6, P = 0.004). We did not detect any difference in disease extension. Obese subjects had consumed more frequently long course of systemic steroids (66.6% vs 12.5%, P = 0.02) as well as antibiotics such as metronidazole or ciprofloxacin (71.4% vs 54.7%, P = 0.05). No difference about other drugs (biologics, mesalazine or thiopurines) was observed. Disease activity was similar between obese and non obese subjects both for UC and CD. Obese IBD patients suffered more frequently from arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Regarding laboratory investigations, obese IBD patients had higher levels of triglyceridemia, fasting blood glucose, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. On multivariate analysis, however, the only factor that appeared to be independently linked to obesity in IBD was the high abdominal circumference (OR = 16.3, 95%CI: 1.03-250, P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONObese IBD patients seem to have features similar to general obese population, and there is no disease-specific factor (disease activity, extension or therapy) that may foster obesity in IBD.     

上海某社区中老年人群超重与肥胖的现况调查

目的:了解上海社区中老年人超重和肥胖的患病情况以及肥胖相关疾病的患病风险。方法:在上海市嘉定区40岁及以上居民中进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检测,对其中数据完整的10 375名居民进行统计分析。根据体质量指数(BMI),按照WHO标准界定肥胖和超重者。采用线性回归法分析BMI与一些危险因素的相关性,并采用Logistic回归法分析超重以及肥胖状态对于各种代谢相关性疾病患病风险的影响。结果:本研究人群的BMI均值为25.1±3.3,超重和肥胖的患病率分别为42.92%和7.27%;多元线性回归分析显示:校正多种混杂因素后,随着BMI水平的上升,腰围、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油随之增加(均P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随之下降(P     

老年人肥胖与代谢综合征关系的调查与分析

目的　探讨老年人全身肥胖和腹部肥胖与代谢综合征 (MS)的关系。　方法　横断面调查法调查 4 95 0名年龄 6 0～ 92岁的老年人 ,并用趋势 χ2 检验和多因素logistic回归进行有关分析。根据亚洲人肥胖标准诊断肥胖。高血糖、高血压、高甘油三酯、低HDL C在体内聚集数达 2个及以上被诊断为MS。　结果　 (1)超重、肥胖和腹部肥胖随增龄而增多的趋势并不显著 (除男性腹部肥胖外 ,其余均为P >0 0 5 )。I度、II度全身肥胖者各有 80 2 %、97 2 %的老年人同时有腹部肥胖。 (2 )随年龄、体质指数 (BMI)和腹围 (WC)的增大 ,MS的现患率显著增高 (均为P <0 0 5 )。 75岁以上组与 6 0～ 6 4岁组比较 ,MS现患率增高接近 8 0 % ;与BMI <2 3 0kg/m2 人群相比 ,男性超重、I度肥胖、II度肥胖人群MS现患率分别高 14 4 %、2 9 1%、34 6 % ,女性分别高 10 0 %、2 3 1%、2 8 2 % ;腹部肥胖男性高 2 1 3% ,女性高 17 1%。调整糖尿病和高血压家族史后的标准OR值显示 ,3个变量对MS的作用强度依次男女均为BMI >WC >年龄。 (3)随两种肥胖类型的聚集并程度的加重 ,MS发生的危险性逐步增高。BMI≥ 2 5kg/m2 且腹部肥胖人群发生MS的危险性是BMI <2 3kg/m2 且无腹部肥胖人群的 4倍之多 ,调整年龄、性别、糖尿病和高血压家族史后 ,这     

肥胖与癌症关系的研究进展

研究发现，与肥胖相关的体重指数、腰臀比的增高，胰岛素抵抗，胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1及性激素结合球蛋白水平的改变，瘦素水平升高及其受体基因变异等与绝经后乳腺癌、上消化道癌、大肠癌、妇科肿瘤、恶性淋巴瘤等发生、发展明显相关。其发病机制可能因肥胖导致高胆固醇和高胰岛素血症，致使体内免疫细胞的活性受到抑制和功能下降。改变不合理的饮食结构和生活行为，加强锻炼保持正常体重可以预防和控制一些相关癌症的发生和发展。     

Relationship among obesity,blood lipids and insulin resistance in Bangladeshi adults

IntroductionInsulin resistance (IR) and abnormal lipid profiles are the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in obesity. To clarify the relationship of the changes in insulin resistance, body weight and lipid profile, the present study was performed on Bangladeshi adults, total of 1500 individuals at the time of their general health examination in the hospital.MethodsAfter exclusion of other endocrine diseases, the remaining 772 patients were classified as IR ≥ 2 and IR < 2 based on the homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. The endocrine disease free subjects were further clustered based on age, gender and obesity. The anthropometric and biochemical profiles were statistically analyzed and correlated with IR ≥ 2 and IR<2 groups as well as other clusters of the subjects. Apart from some disparities, notable differences were observed in all anthropometric data.ResultsTotal cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum insulin levels were significantly higher in IR ≥ 2 group in comparison with IR<2 group. Obesity and dyslipidemia were associated as prevalent components of IR. Generalized linear model revealed that TC: LDL and TG: HDL had significant effect on IR. Age group II (41–60 years old) subjects had significantly higher lipid profile compared to age group I (20–40 years old) and age group III (61–80 years old).ConclusionsResults reported herein support the notion that lipoprotein ratios might be the reliable biomarkers to evaluate IR.     

泸州市社区老年人群超重、肥胖患病率及特点分析

目的:了解泸州市社区老年人群超重和肥胖的流行特点及其高血压、高血糖、高血脂的患病情况。方法:通过多级抽样方法,对泸州市社区60岁以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、生化检测。体质量指数(BMI)≥28.0为肥胖,24.0～27.9为超重。结果:共收集有效资料4 445份,平均BMI为24.1±3.4,男性与女性BMI不同(P<0.001)。样本人群超重和肥胖患病率分别为38.25%、12.78%;各年龄段超重率不同(P<0.05),60～69年龄段超重率最高(P<0.05),随年龄的增长,超重率有下降趋势(P<0.001);男、女性肥胖率分别为10.01%、14.69%(P<0.001),各年龄组肥胖率差异无统计学意义。高血压、高血糖、高三酰甘油等患病率随BMI升高而增加(P<0.05),在超重、肥胖组的患病率高于BMI<24.0组(P<0.05)。结论:被调查人群超重和肥胖患病率超过50%,其高血压、高血糖、高血脂患病率达40%以上;老年人超重、肥胖问题严峻,控制老年超重和肥胖刻不容缓。     

社区人群中外周动脉病与体质量指数相关性的研究

目的:分析上海嘉定社区人群中外周动脉病(PAD)的患病率及其与体质量指数(BMI)的关系。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,选取上海嘉定区40岁以上的社区居民5 435名。所有受试者均接受口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、血脂的测定以及踝肱指数(ABI)的检测。将ABI0.05)。BMI正常组、超重组及肥胖组的PAD患病率分别为6.67%、6.83%和12.62%,肥胖组PAD的患病率显著高于BMI正常组以及超重组(均P     

中国人血清瘦素水平与肥胖度的关系

目的研究１５～６８岁中国人血清瘦素（ｌｅｐｔｉｎ）水平与体脂、年龄、性别及睾酮的关系。方法用放射免疫分析法测定７７例正常非肥胖和２８例超重或肥胖个体〔体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２５〕的血清瘦素水平。结果中国人正常非肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（２．１５±１．４６）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（７．８６±３．６０）μｇ／Ｌ;超重或肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（４．８７±３．４７）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（１６．５９±６．９２）μｇ／Ｌ,女性均较男性高约２～３倍。血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关（男子ｒ＝０．６９,Ｐ＜０．００１;女子ｒ＝０．６３,Ｐ＜０．００１）,但２５％的肥胖个体仍存在有瘦素的相对性缺乏。结论血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关提示多数肥胖个体存在瘦素抵抗,部分瘦素相对性缺乏的肥胖者将有可能成为瘦素治疗的对象。     

Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in Iran

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in most developed and developing countries have been increasing markedly over the past two decades. This increase includes all ages, genders, racial and ethnic groups, income, and educational levels. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults aged 25–55 years in Shiraz (Southern Iran). The data are based on a random multistage sample survey of 2282 married adults (1141 pairs) living is Shiraz, whose heights and weights were measured in the 2002–2003 academic year. The prevalence of overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥ 25) was 49.7% in men and 63.9% in women. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) was 10.5% and 22.5% in men and women, respectively, which shows an increased secular change of 5.8% in men and 17.4% in women during a 14‐year period. Overweight and obesity are common in Iran. Obesity and overweight were significantly more common among women than among men (P‐valve = 0.000). There is a need to establish programmes for prevention and treatment of obesity especially Iranian's women.     

The correlation between obesity and metabolic syndrome in young female university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveTo examine the association between increased body mass index (BMI) values and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young female science students.MethodologyThe study population was 174 female students aged 18–25 years attending King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Anthropometric measurements obtained included weight, height, waist, and hips circumferences. Blood pressure was also measured, and blood samples were collected for measurements of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and other biochemical parameters.ResultsAround 17.7% of the students were at risk of developing MetS, with three or more risk factors detected, and 45% of the students had one or two risk factors. Increased BMI values were associated with an elevated risk of developing MetS, as 41.4% of the overweight students and 44.8% of the obese students had three or more risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of MetS is increasing in Young female university in the KSA as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle, including a lack of physical activity, leading to increased weight and the possible development of chronic diseases.     

成年人群功能性肠病与体质量指数的相关性研究

目的探讨成年人群功能性肠病与体质量指数的相关性。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年2月在宁夏回族自治区人民医院消化内科确诊的50例功能性肠病患者为病例组,同期行健康体检者50例为对照组。根据《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南》推荐的标准,以体质量指数作为不同体重分类依据,采用两独立样本t检验方法比较两者相关性。 结果病例组与对照组比较中,年龄、性别、民族、身高、体重比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况及进食辛辣食物比较差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);体质量指数与功能性肠病无关(P>0.05),但女性患者功能性肠病的占比较男性多;功能性肠病患者体重过低组占比达20.0%,而健康体检人群超重/肥胖所占比例达44.0%。 结论成年人群功能性肠病与吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况及进食辛辣食物有关,而与年龄、性别、民族、体质量指数不存在相关性。     

结直肠癌与肥胖等多种病因学的关系探讨

目的肥胖被证实为增加结直肠癌发病风险的重要因素。本研究探讨BMI与结直肠癌发病的关系,为结直肠癌的预防提供参考。 方法选取泰安市中心医院及泰山医学院附属医院202例首次确诊的结直肠癌患者和202名非癌症患者,分析比较两组患者BMI情况。 结果首次确诊的结肠癌患者平均身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）为25.1±3.5 kg/m²,对照组人群平均BMI为21.2±3.1 kg/m²,结直肠癌患者的BMI明显高于健康对照人群（t=-12.153,P<0.001）。结肠癌患者的BMI与健康对照组比较,在性别（P<0.05）、是否胆囊炎或胆囊切除病史（P<0.05）方面差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析示,BMI值（t=12.171,P<0.001）、有胆囊炎或胆囊切除病史者（t=3.128,P=0.002）及性别（t=3.321,P=0.001）与结直肠癌的发病呈显著正相关关系,和是否糖尿病（t=1.260,P=0.208）及年龄（t=-1.790,P=0.074）与结直肠癌的发病不相关。 结论结直肠癌的发生与BMI情况、是否患有胆囊病者和性别有关。     

南京市城区40岁以上人群超重、肥胖流行特点调查分析

目的 了解南京市城区年龄≥40岁的中老年人超重、肥胖的流行特点,并分析肥胖人群多种代谢性疾病患病率情况.方法 采用随机抽样方法,对南京市城区6个社区40～79岁的居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检测.共调查9696人,剔除信息不全334人,最终共9362人纳入统计分析,男性3204人(占34.2％),女性6158人(占65.8％).按照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》标准,体重指数≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖,24.0～27.9 kg/m2为超重.对不同性别、年龄组人群超重、肥胖率进行比较分析.结果 总的超重率41.0％,男性高于女性(43.91％vs.39.48％,x2=17.01,P＜0.001).总的肥胖率16.79％,其中男性为16.73％,女性为16.82％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).受教育程度较低的人群肥胖率高于受教育程度较高人群(x2=47.95,P＜0.001).与正常体重人群比较,肥胖人群糖尿病、高血压、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇升高、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇降低发生率明显增加(x2值分别为42.02,641.88,9.58,236.08,13.24,138.82,P均＜0.001).结论 南京市城区40岁以上人群超重和肥胖发生率高,肥胖人群糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常的发生率明显增加.     

出生体重与青少年期单纯性肥胖及血脂、血糖、血压相关关系的队列研究

目的 探讨出生体重与青少年期单纯性肥胖及血脂、血糖、血压的相关关系。方法 采用整群抽样横断面调查与追踪调查的流行病学方法,对北京市193名健康学龄儿童（7～11岁）与9年后同一观察对象（16～20岁）进行出生情况调查、体格检查及实验室检测。结果 出生体重与儿童、青少年期体质指数呈U型相关,低出生体重组（5．6％）及高出生体重组（6．1％）青少年期超重-肥胖发生率较正常出生体重组（2．8％）有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高出生及低出生体重组体质指数均显著大于正常出生体重组（P值分别为0．002和0．009）,高出生体重组（33．3％）及低出生体重组（38．9％）青少年期超重-肥胖发生率均显著高于正常出生体重组（16．2％,P值分别为0．025和0．020）。不同出生体重婴儿至儿童及青少年期血糖、血脂及血压水平未发现显著差异。结论 胎儿宫内生长与青少年期体格生长密切相关,加强孕期营养指导有利于预防青少年期单纯性肥胖的发生。     

4784例老年男性血脂分布的特点及与体质指数关系的研究

目的 了解老年男性血脂分布的规律及与体质指数(BMI)的关系,从血脂紊乱的角度探讨老年男性的体质量控制问题.方法 对4784例老年男性体检者进行调查并测定血脂水平,按年龄分为60～69岁组、70～79岁组和80～96岁组,按BMI水平分为低体质量组(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),正常体质量组(BMI:18.5～23.9 kg/m2),超质量组(BMI:24.0～27.9 kg/m2),肥胖组(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2).结果 4784例老年男性总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别为(5.1±0.9)mmol/L、(3.0±0.8)mmol/L、(1.5±1.0)rmmol/L、(1.3±0.3)mmol/L,血脂异常的检出率为44.8%(2141例),其中TC、TG、HDL-C异常的检出率分别为10.4%(497例)、9.3%(445例)、29.8%(1425例)和19.4%(928例).不同年龄组随增龄TG水平降低,HDL-C水平升高(均P<0.01),80～96岁组的TC和LDL-C水平有降低趋势(P<0.05).老年男性超体质量占46.8%(2239例),肥胖占15.5%(740例).随BMI水平的升高,TG水平亦升高,而HDL-C则随BMI升高降低,不同体质量组TC和LDL-C比较差异无统计学意义.80～96岁组亦以高TG和低HDL-C为主要类型的血脂异常,其血脂分布特点与70～79岁组相似.80～96岁组肥胖和超体质量的检出率最低,分别为44.6%(228例)和11.9%(61例).结论 老年男性血脂异常以高TG和低HDL-C为主,TC升高的检出率高于2002年全国普查的结果;超体质量、肥胖的检出率接近发达国家水平;老年男性随增龄TC和LDL-C水平下降,而HDL-C水平有上升趋势.     

The role of body mass index in the association between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure: A mediation analysis with NHANES

Background and aimsRecent research demonstrated that obesity and high dietary sodium intake, the two established risk factors for hypertension, were associated with each other. The objective was to investigate the potential indirect effect of sodium intake on blood pressure via body mass index (BMI).Methods and resultsUsing ten years data from US NHANES (2007–2016), the study included adult participants (>20 years old) who were not taking antihypertensive medications and without baseline diseases (n = 12,262). BMI was modelled as the mediator of sodium intake on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, drinking, physical activity, calorie intake, fluid intake and potassium intake. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate total effect, direct effect and indirect effect via BMI. Subgroup analyses based on three age subgroups (20–40, 41–60 and ≥61 years old) were performed. The mean age was 39.29 (13.4) years and 53.1 (0.45) % were males. The mean BMI was 27.8 (6.20) kg/m². Overall, 1 g/d increase in sodium intake was associated with an increased systolic blood pressure by 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.58) mmHg, with a direct effect (0.14 (0.09–0.19)) and an indirect effect via BMI (0.23 (0.02–0.44)). The indirect effect was mainly observed in participants ≤60 years old.ConclusionSodium intake showed both direct effect and indirect effect (via BMI) on systolic blood pressure in US NHANES. The findings provide evidence for combining sodium restriction and weight reduction measures for prevention of hypertension. Cautions should be taken when generalizing the findings to other populations with lower average BMI.     

The association of the common fat mass and obesity associated gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in obese Iraqi population

Background & objectivesThis study investigates the association of two potential Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) gene polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs918031) as potential predictors of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese Iraqi population and their metabolic effects on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity.Materials & methodsThe study included 400 participants with obesity & T2D, with a matching 400 obese non-diabetic cohort. Venous blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Using specific primers and restriction enzymes, genotyping was performed to identify the various alleles for each gene. The genotype and allele frequencies determined by multinomial logistic regression analysis for FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9939609) among all the study groups.ResultsThere is a two-fold increase in the risk of T2D within the homozygous genotype (TT) group (OR = 2.43, CI 95% 3.57–11.2, P ≤ 0.001) as compared to the wild type (TA). In addition, there was a significantly higher level of the minor allele genotype (T) in T2D patients when compared to the control group, (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionWe conclude that the FTO rs9939609 genotype significantly affect the development of insulin resistance, therefore the future occurrence of T2D, in obese individuals.