乳腺导管内乳头状瘤伴皮脂腺化生一例

患者女,67岁。因发现右侧乳房内鸡蛋黄大小肿块1个月于2006年2月16日入院。体检：右乳腺内上象限触及约3．0cm×3．0cm×2．0cm肿物,质硬,触之无痛感,活动度差,与周围组织界限尚清楚。无乳头溢液,双侧腋窝淋巴结未触及肿大。乳腺钼靶摄片：右乳房内上象限2．5cm×2．5cm高密度影,界限清楚,内见细小钙化灶。彩色超声检查：右乳房内上象限探及1个2．9cm×2．0cm界限清楚、实性低回声结节。近边缘处回声不均匀,探及1．0cm×0．9cm形态不规则的暗区。暗区内探及条状分隔带,未探及明显血流信号。     

肾集合管癌2例

例1,女性,41岁,反复无痛性血尿伴右腰酸痛10天入院。体检:右肾区轻扣击痛。CT示右肾中极后外侧有一2·5cm×2·8 cm×4·0 cm肿块,中间可见点状高密度影,肿块平扫稍高于肾实质密度,增强后强化较明显,境界清晰,似有包膜,考虑为肾癌。右肾动脉造影示右肾中极血管受压改变。在腹腔镜下行右肾根治性切除,术中见右肾略增大,切开见中部占位性病变,直径约3·5 cm,肾周淋巴结未见明显肿大。病理检查:肾脏1个,大小11 cm×6 cm×4 cm,剖面中部肾实质内见一灰白色肿块,大小4 cm×3 cm,边界清,质偏硬。镜检:癌细胞排列成不规则腺管状或管状乳头状、片巢…     

卵巢室管膜瘤一例

患者女,38岁。反复下腹疼痛伴盆腔包块1年余,于2003年9月入院。妇科检查：子宫如孕40多天大小,右附件区扪及一9cm×8cm×5cm包块,囊实性感,活动,无明显压痛。B超：右附件区肿物8cm×6cm×6cm,中等回声,其中有一直径3．5cm液性暗区,左附件未见异常。临床诊断：右卵巢巧克力囊肿。行右卵巢巧克力囊肿剥除术,术中见：右卵巢5cm×4cm×3cm,其上缘有2．0cm×0．3cm×0．3cm的灰白色细蒂,[第一段]     

胸壁Castleman病合并滤泡树突状细胞肉瘤/肿瘤一例

患者男,64岁。因发现右胸壁肿物逐渐长大3年余于2005年1月2日入院。胸部X线示右侧胸壁实性肿物,边界清楚;双肺未见异常。B超示肝囊肿;胆囊结石;双肾异常回声,不除外慢性肾疾病可能,右肾多发小囊肿。术中见肿物大小18cm×14cm×12cm,质地硬,似有包膜。表面血管丰富。[第一段]     

黏液样肾上腺皮质肿瘤1例

患者女性，32岁，因无意中发现左腹部肿物2天入院。无疼痛、发热，无尿频、尿急，无呕吐、腹泻，血压及血生化检查正常，腹部B超示腹膜后腹主动脉左侧、胰尾区探及17．2cm×10．2cm一不均质实性肿块，包膜完整，左肾向下向后移位。上腹部CT（平扫＋增强）扫描左侧腹部见一巨大软组织肿块，边缘清楚，约10．0cm×12．5cm，增强扫描后见不均匀结节状强化。胃、胰、脾及左肾受压移位。[第一段]     

胸内原发性甲状腺乳头状癌伴存鳞状细胞癌1例

患者女性，68岁，因咳嗽、气急进行性加重1个月入院。体检：双侧胸锁乳突肌外侧缘锁骨上可触及肿块，伸向胸骨后胸腔内，右侧3．5cm×2．5cm，左侧2．5cm×2．5cm。肿块质地偏硬，境界清，表面光滑，随吞咽上下活动，双肺可闻及哮鸣音，干啰音，CT颈胸部平扫显示胸内甲状腺肿。临床诊断：胸内甲状腺癌，行胸内甲状腺癌切除术。[第一段]     

肾透明细胞癌伴肾盂血管瘤及肾上腺皮质腺瘤一例

患者 男．63岁。因高血压3个月,左肾区疼痛伴肉眼血尿10余天,恶心、呕吐半天于2006年7月18日入院。体检：左肾区叩痛,血压210／100mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。B超检查：左肾近下极见5．7cm×5．2cm多囊性肿物;左肾门区见3．5cm×3．5cm实性肿物,突人肾盂内;右肾上腺见3．0cm×2．8cm圆形均质回声结节,包裹在肾上腺内。临床诊断为左肾多发性肿瘤,右肾上腺肿瘤。遂行左肾全切及右肾上腺肿瘤摘除术。手术中血压无波动,手术后血压135／75mmHg。     

小肠非霍奇金CD30阳性的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤合并直肠管状腺癌一例

患者男,72岁。因便血3个月于2006年5月3日人院。肠镜检查发现直肠肿瘤,3cm×3cm,向肠腔突起,基底宽,表面高低不平,有糜烂,未见明显溃疡。CT和MRI检查发现腹腔多处淋巴结肿大,小肠肠管间有界线不清肿块,肝内多发占位,大者直径3cm。临床诊断为小肠恶性肿瘤伴腹腔广泛转移及直肠癌。术中所见：肝脏边缘锐利,可触及多个质硬结节直径约0．2～0．5cm。[第一段]     

肾上腺成熟性囊性畸胎瘤腺癌变1例

患者女，３２岁。因右腹部疼痛１年，加重１个月入院。ＣＴ检查：右肾上腺区见－１３ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ大小卵圆形、囊状低密度灶，边界较清，囊壁见斑点状及弧线状钙化，内见分隔，肝右后叶显示推压前移，右肾下移，腹膜后淋巴结无肿大。ＣＴ诊断为右肾上腺囊肿。手术见肿物...     

多房囊性肾细胞癌一例

患者男,62岁。因体检发现右肾占位于2005年12月9日入院。患者无发热、腰痛、血尿等异常症状。B 超检查发现右肾体积增大,上极实质内见一囊实性包块,向外突起,大小约6.5cm×5.5cm,边界尚清,内可见多条分隔。CT 显示右肾上极有一6.5cm×5.8cm 的类圆形低密度影,CT 值17Hu,加强 CT 值71Hu,内见明显网状分隔。体检:腹部未扪及包块,双肾区无叩痛,双侧输尿管区无压痛。临床诊断为肾肿瘤,行右肾癌根治术,完整切除右肾送病理科检查。病理检查:切除肾脏组织一件,12.5cm×7.0cm×4.0cm,切面肾上极见一5.5cm×4.5cm 肿物,多囊性,内含淡     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.