肱二头肌长头腱与冈上肌腱联合修复巨大肩袖损伤的疗效分析

[目的]研究关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱与冈上肌腱联合固定术治疗肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。[方法]2013年1月~2015年3月,关节镜下利用冈上肌腱与肱二头肌长头腱联合固定术治疗巨大肩袖损伤40例,其中男16例,女24例;年龄33~64岁,平均(51±5.6)岁。术前查体Neer征、Hawkins征、Speed征、Jobe征等阳性,肱二头肌长头腱压痛阳性。术前肩关节功能Constant-Merly评分(51.1±8.3)分,美国肩肘医师协会(ASES)评分(49.2±5.3)分,VAS疼痛评分(6.2±1.9)分。镜下探查发现除肩袖撕裂外,均伴有肱二头肌长头腱严重磨损。将冈上肌腱与肱二头肌长头腱联合固定修复肩袖损伤,术后上肢制动,Constant-Murley、ASES和VAS评分及影像学指标评估疗效。[结果]手术时间平均(60±16.3)min,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、再撕裂等手术相关并发症。40例患者均获随访,随访时间9~24个月,平均(14±2.6)个月。末次随访时,肩关节功能Constant-Merly评分(88.2±5.6)分,美国肩肘医师协会(ASES)评分(90.4±6.1)分,VAS疼痛评分(1.2±0.8)分;与术前相比,Constant-Merly和ASES评分均优于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);VAS疼痛评分显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱严重损伤采用关节镜下冈上肌腱与二头肌长头腱联合固定术修复,有利于增加肩袖修复的牢固性,可获得较好的临床疗效。     

肩关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱桥接治疗巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱病损疗效观察

目的探讨肩关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱桥接治疗巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱病损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2017-01采用肩关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱桥接术治疗的30例巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱病损,比较术前与术后1年疼痛VAS评分和UCLA评分。结果 30例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均1.4(1~2)h。30例均获得随访,随访时间平均18.5(12~36)个月。术后无感染、肩袖再次撕裂。3例术后6周出现肩关节明显粘连,加强肩关节功能康复锻炼,术后6个月复查恢复良好。术后1年疼痛VAS评分与UCLA评分较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱桥接治疗巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱病损创伤小,无需额外取材,术后恢复效果好,值得临床推广。     

关节镜下肌腱切断固定于滑车远端治疗肱二头肌长头肌腱病损合并肩袖损伤

目的:探讨通过肩关节镜将肌腱切断固定于滑车远端治疗长头腱病损合并肩袖损伤的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2016年11月,对23例患有肱二头肌长头肌腱病损合并有肩袖损伤的患者,行关节镜下肌腱切断固定于滑车远端及肩袖修补术,其中男9例,女14例;年龄44～71(56.38±5.74)岁;左肩3例,右肩20例。分别于术前及术后3、6和12个月随访时采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分、VAS评分对肩关节功能进行评价,并比较肩关节活动度改善情况。结果:23例患者获得随访,时间12～18(15.37±4.82)个月。患侧肩关节无明显疼痛,肱二头肌肉外形轮廓和肌力与术前比较无明显的变化,肩关节活动度及肌力基本恢复到健侧水平。Constant-Murley评分术后3、6、12个月分别为67.47±12.19、74.82±13.26、93.47±10.19,与术前39.62±12.39比较均显著提高。根据Constant-Murley评分,优18例,良4例,差1例。术前VAS评分(6.85±2.14)与术后12个月(0.36±0.54)比较差异有统计学意义。术后12个月肩关节前屈(163.55±15.24)°、外展(164.37±14.46)°较术前肩关节前屈(75.52±6.31)°、外展(84.36±13.36)°显著提高(P0.001)。结论:肩关节镜下将肌腱切断固定于滑车远端治疗长头腱病损合并肩袖损伤的临床治疗效果满意,能缓解肩关节疼痛,恢复肩关节功能,不损伤肱二头肌的外形及肌力。     

关节镜下保留肌腱的固定术治疗肱二头肌长头肌腱炎

目的：探讨肩关节镜下保留肱二头肌长头腱的肌腱固定术治疗肱二头肌长头肌腱炎早期临床疗效。方法2013年10月至2014年4月,对43例肱二头肌长头肌腱炎患者施行保留肱二头肌长头腱的肌腱固定术,其中男16例,女27例,年龄39～60岁,平均50．6岁。术前与术后3、6、12个月进行Constant‐Murley肩关节评分、加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）肩关节评分及美国肩肘外科协会（ASES）评分。结果所有患者术程顺利,平均随访14．2个月（12～18个月）。术前ASES评分为（15．65±6．06）分,Constant‐Murley肩关节评分为（39．80±11．21）分,UCLA肩关节评分为（13．25±3．77）分,术后12个月 ASES 评分为（34．70±2．47）分,Constant‐Murley 肩关节评分为（86．00±6．35）分,UCLA肩关节评分为（31．75±2．40）分。术后ASES评分、Constant‐Murley肩关节评分、UCLA肩关节评分较术前有明显提高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．001）。术后患者疼痛缓解,未出现复发,无一例发生肱二头肌长头腱回缩引起的大力水手征。结论肩关节镜下保留肱二头肌长头腱的肌腱固定术治疗肱二头肌长头肌腱炎早期疗效满意,可有效避免肌腱止点固定松动导致的肌腱回缩相关并发症,是治疗肱二头肌长头肌腱炎的有效治疗方法。     

关节镜下肩袖缝合固定并肱二头肌长头腱锚钉固定的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下肩袖缝合固定并肱二头肌长头腱锚钉固定的临床疗效。方法选择2015年3月-2018年3月收治的肩袖损伤患者60例,按照两种不同的手术方法分为对照组和观察组。其中对照组30例,行单纯肩袖缝合固定;观察组30例,行肩袖缝合固定并肱二头肌长头腱锚钉固定。观察并分析两组术后临床疗效、康复情况。结果治疗前,两组VAS、Constant-Murley评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组,且VAS评分更低,Constant-Murley评分更高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肩袖损伤患者实施关节镜下肩袖缝合固定并肱二头肌长头腱锚钉固定可有效纠正关节损伤,提高治疗效果,减轻患者疼痛应激,具有推广价值。     

肱二头肌长头腱切除或保留对老年退变性肩袖修补术后肩关节功能的影响

目的 比较肱二头肌长头腱切除或保留对老年退变性肩袖修补术后肩关节功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月在我院接受肩袖修补手术治疗的老年退变性肩袖损伤病人54例。其中33例接受肱二头肌长头腱切除的病人归为腱切除组,21例肱二头肌长头腱保留者归为腱保留组。收集术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、肩关节Constant-Murley评分、简明肩关节功能测试（SST）评分。结果 腱切除组和腱保留组术前的VAS评分、Constant-Murley评分、SST评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组病人术后3个月及末次随访VAS评分、Constant-Murley评分、SST评分均较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。腱切除组术后3个月及末次随访Constant-Murley评分分别为（74.64±4.43）分、（86.33±3.42）分,均高于腱保留组的（71.24±3.82）分、（84.19±3.06）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但其差异未达到Constant-Murley评分最小临床意义变化值。两组间的VAS评分、SST评分在术后3个月和末次随访时的数值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 损伤不明显的肱二头肌长头腱保留或切除对老年退变性肩袖修补后短期肩关节功能均未表现出显著优越性,故在老年退变性肩袖修补同时切除损伤不明显的肱二头肌长头腱尚无明确依据。     

手术修复肩胛下肌损伤手术技术

背景：在肩袖损伤中，肩胛下肌损伤者较肩袖上部结构损伤者少见。本文的目的是报告单纯肩胛下肌损伤的治疗结果。 方法：本文复习手术修复84肩肩胛下肌腱的手术记录，手术时平均年龄53.2岁，发病至手术的平均时间为12.5个月。创伤性断裂57肩，退变性断裂27肩。肩胛下肌上1/3断裂23肩，上2/3断裂41肩，完全断裂20肩。伴肱二头肌腱长头脱位或半脱位54肩，肱二头肌腱长头断裂10肩。同时行肩胛下肌腱修复和肱二头肌腱长头固定术48肩，同时行肱二头肌腱长头切断术13肩，同时行肱二头肌腱长头复位4肩。术后平均45个月（范围，24-132个月）对患者进行临床和影像学评估。结果平均Constant评分由术前55.0分，提高至术后79.5分，75例患者的疗效满意或非常满意。术前伴有轻度的孟肱关节炎4肩：术后有盂肱关节炎27肩，其中轻度25肩，中度2肩。不管肱二头肌腱术前有无病变，在修肩胛下肌的同时均行肱二头肌腱切除或固定术，以提高主观和客观的效果。结论：选择核实的病例行单纯的肩胛下肌断裂修复可较满意地改善肩关节功能。此外，本研究的结果支持在修复肩胛下肌的同时常规进行肱二头肌腱长头的切除和固定手术。     

肱二头肌长头腱切断治疗老年肩袖损伤研究

目的比较肱二头肌肌腱切断治疗老年可修复性肩袖损伤的临床疗效进行评估,从而为老年肩袖损伤的临床治疗提供参考和指导。方法选取本院2018年1月至2019年6月采用肩关节镜治疗肩袖损伤老年患者60例,根据是否行肱二头肌长头腱切断分为两组:切断组(关节镜下肩袖修补并肱二头肌长头腱切断术)30例,对照组(单纯关节镜下肩袖修补)30例。术前和术后运用视觉模拟(VAS)评分法、Constant-murley(CMS)评分和美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)评分进行疼痛和功能评定。结果两组术后3个月、6个月及12个月VAS评分较术前均有改善;对照组在术后6个月时较术后3个月改善不大,组内比较无统计学差异;患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月的CMS及UCLA功能评分与术前比较都有明显提高;通过组内CMS评分中外展和前屈功能比较,术后1年和术前都有明显提高,组间对比术后1年两组无明显差异。结论针对老年肩袖损伤患者,肩关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱切断对肩关节功能无明显影响,有效降低术后残留疼痛,该手术方式值得在临床推广和使用。     

结节间沟高位腱固定治疗退变性肱二头肌腱损伤的临床疗效

目的探讨肱二头肌长头肌腱退变性损伤行肩关节镜下结节间沟高位腱固定的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析37例肱二头肌长头肌腱慢性退变性损伤病例,均为肱二头肌长头肌腱退变性撕裂且不伴肩袖撕裂,采用肩关节镜下结节间沟成形结合双线锚钉高位腱固定术。比较术前、术后3 d、14 d、1个月、3个月和6个月的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,美国肩肘外科协会评分（rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons,ASES）和Constant评分,并统计并发症的发生情况。 结果37例患者均获得了术后6个月的观察和随访,无一例出现大力水手征,2例在术后3个月和6个月仍存在轻度疼痛性肌痉挛。与术前相比,术后的VAS评分持续显著下降,尤其在术后1个月以后下降更为明显。肩关节ASES评分和Constant评分也较术前显著提高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论肩关节镜下结节间沟成形结合锚钉高位腱固定术是治疗退变性肱二头肌腱病变的有效手段。     

肱二头肌腱在撞击综合征中的作用

肱二头肌腱长头在撞击综合征病损中起重要作用。肌腱的滑膜衬里来自肩关节滑膜延伸。肩关节滑膜的任何炎症均能沿肌腱扩散。由于狭窄的肱二头肌腱沟和紧张的横韧带,阻碍了腱鞘炎的扩散,并使病损迅速转为慢性。撞击综合征主要由肩峰弓长期压迫肩袖,引起肩袖肌腱炎所致。肩峰弓由肩峰、肩锁关节和喙肩韧带组成。肩袖出现肌腱炎时,可伴有滑膜炎,继而肱二头肌腱鞘炎,并向下向外扩展。鉴别肩袖性疼痛和肱二头肌疼痛较困难。大多数肩袖患者主诉外侧三角肌或     

Arthroscopic Percutaneous Repair of Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear Including Biceps Long Head: A 2-Year Follow-up

Background

To report the results of an arthroscopic percutaneous repair technique for partial-thickness tears of the anterosuperior cuff combined with a biceps lesion.

Methods

The inclusion criteria were evidence of the upper subscapularis tendon tear and an articular side partial-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon, degeneration of the biceps long head or degenerative superior labrum anterior-posterior, above lesions treated by arthroscopic percutaneous repair, and follow-up duration > 24 months after the operation. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, constant score, the pain level on a visual analogue scale, ranges of motion and strength were assessed.

Results

The mean (± standard deviation) age of the 20 enrolled patients was 56.0 ± 7.7 years. The forward flexion strength increased from 26.3 ± 6.7 Nm preoperatively to 38.9 ± 5.1 Nm at final follow-up. External and internal rotation strength was also significantly increased (14.2 ± 1.7 to 19.1 ± 3.03 Nm, 12.3 ± 3.2 to 18.1 ± 2.8 Nm, respectively). Significant improvement was observed in ASES and constant scores at 3 months, 1 year and the time of final follow-up when compared with preoperative scores (p < 0.001). The mean subjective shoulder value was 86% (range, 78% to 97%).

Conclusions

The implementation of complete rotator cuff repair with concomitant tenodesis of the biceps long head using arthroscopic percutaneous repair achieved full recovery of normal rotator cuff function, maximum therapeutic efficacy, and patient satisfaction.     

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for advanced (stage II) impingement syndrome: a study of 52 patients with five years follow-up

The authors report a prospective five-year follow-up study of 52 patients who had arthroscopic subacromial decompression for advanced (stage II: type 1 and 2) rotator cuff disease. All patients were assessed preoperatively, at six months and at five years postoperatively using the Constant-Murley score and the revised American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. From six months until five years postoperatively, 45 (out of 52) patients showed a further progressing improvement and relief of symptoms. This is established by a significant (p < 0.001) increase of the mean Constant-Murley score from 76.4 at six months postoperatively to 84.9 at five years postoperatively.     

Arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair: a prospective,randomized study with 24-month follow-up

This prospective, randomized study was performed to evaluate the results of mini-open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a comparative case series of patients followed for 24 months. A total of 125 patients were randomized to mini-open (Group I) or arthroscopic (Group II) rotator cuff repair at the time of surgical intervention. The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) index, and muscle strength were measured to evaluate the clinical results, while magnetic resonance arthrography was used at 24-month follow-up to investigate the postoperative rotator cuff integrity. Fifty-three patients in Group I and 55 patients in Group II were available for evaluation at 24-month follow-up. At 24-month follow-up, the UCLA score, the ASES index, and muscle strength were statistically significantly increased in both groups postoperatively, while no significant difference was detected between the 2 groups. Intact rotator cuffs were investigated in 42 patients in Group I and 35 in Group II, and there was a significant difference in postoperative structural integrity between the two groups (P < 0.05). When analysis was limited to the patients with full-thickness tear, the muscle strength of the shoulder was significantly better in Group II, and the retearing rate was significantly higher in Group II. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be indicated that arthroscopic and mini-open rotator cuff repair displayed substantially equal outcomes, except for higher retearing rate in the arthroscopic repair group. While for patients with full-thickness tear, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair displayed better shoulder strength and significantly higher retearing rate as compared to mini-open rotator cuff repair at 24-month follow-up.     

肩袖损伤的关节镜下治疗

目的探讨肩关节镜手术治疗肩袖损伤的适应证选择、手术技巧和疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年5月对68例患者行关节镜下肩袖重建,其中40例获得随访,以其为研究对象。年龄30~81岁,平均年龄56岁,其中29例发生于主力侧。根据Gerber分型,其中部分肩袖损伤8例,中小型肩袖损伤27例,巨大肩袖损伤5例。手术均采用金属缝合锚(Super-Revo)进行肩袖重建。分别在术前及最终随访时采用美国肩肘医师协会评分(ASES)、Constant-Murley评分以及简易肩关节评分(SST)问卷进行功能评估。结果40例患者获得随访,随访时间12~40个月,平均20.6个月。40例患者手术前及终末随访时ASES平均分为72.6对92.3(P<0.001),其中VAS疼痛评分平均为6.2对1.8(P<0.001),肩关节平均前屈上举为74.5°对146.0°(P<0.001),平均外旋为27.8°对38.3°(P<0.01),ASES评分为优和良所占的比例为92.5%(37/40),平均Constant-Murley评分为69.6对90.4(P<0.001),Constant-Murley评分为优和良所占的比例为90.0%(36/40)。结论肩关节镜下肩袖重建手术具有损伤小、肩关节功能恢复快等特点,尤其在保护三角肌方面具有独到的优势,是治疗肩袖损伤的有效方法之一。正确的适应证选择、熟练的关节镜下操作技术以及术后严格的功能康复锻炼是手术成功的关键。     

Midterm clinical outcomes following arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair

Purpose:Arthroscopic transosseous (TO) rotator cuff repair has recently emerged as a new option for surgical treatment of symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Limited data is available regarding outcomes using this technique. This study evaluated midterm clinical outcomes following a novel arthroscopic TO (anchorless) rotator cuff repair technique.Results:Statistically significant improvements were noted in forward flexion, external rotation and internal rotation (P < 0.0001). Average postoperative subjective shoulder value was 93.7, simple shoulder test 11.6, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score 94.6. According to ASES scores, results for the 109 shoulders available for final follow-up were excellent in 95 (87.1%), good in 8 (7.3%), fair in 3 (2.8%), and poor in 3 (2.8%). There was no difference in ROM or outcome scores in patients who underwent a concomitant biceps procedure (tenodesis or tenotomy) compared with those who did not. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in outcome between patients who underwent either biceps tenodesis or tenotomy. Age, history of injury preceding the onset of pain, tear size, number of TO tunnels required to perform the repair, and presence of fatty infiltration did not correlate with postoperative ROM or subjective outcome measures at final follow-up. Two complications and four failures were noted.Conclusions:Arthroscopic TO rotator cuff repair technique leads to statistically significant midterm improvement in ROM and satisfactory midterm subjective outcome scores with low complication/failure rates in patients with average medium-sized rotator cuff tears with minimal fatty infiltration. Further work is required to evaluate radiographic healing rates with this technique and to compare outcomes following suture anchor repair.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV     

关节镜下Bankart修复术治疗肩关节复发性前脱位:手术效果及复发危险因素分析

目的 探讨关节镜下Bankart修复术(缝合锚钉技术)治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的临床效果,并对术后复发不稳的可能危险因素进行分析.方法 2002年3月至2010年3月连续收治肩关节复发性前脱位患者259例,均采用关节镜下缝合锚钉技术进行Bankart修复手术,其中188例患者获得随访.患者手术时平均年龄25.3岁(13～58岁);其中男性143例、女性45例;运动员50名、非运动员138名.随访时采用美国肩肘关节外科协会评分系统(ASES)肩关节评分、Rowe评分以及患者满意度评价手术效果.术前肩关节ASES评分平均72.6分,Rowe评分平均33.4分.对于肩关节术后不稳的复发率、关节活动范围以及术后复发不稳的危险因素进行评估.结果 188例患者术后平均随访38.6个月(12～110个月).术后肩关节ASES评分平均91.9分,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后Rowe评分平均81.9分,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).患者手术满意度调查显示,满意152例、基本满意16例、不满意20例,满意率为89.4%.术后有24例患者复发脱位,总体复发率为12.8%;运动员患者复发率为28.0%,非运动员复发率为7.2%.术后患者平均肩关节外展外旋为75.2°,与术前比较无明显丧失(P＞0.05).关节镜Bankart修复术后复发不稳与患者年龄及是否为运动员明显相关(P＜0.05);而与术前病程长短、锚钉类型、锚钉数目、骨性Bankart损伤、合并肩关节上盂唇撕裂损伤、合并后或下方盂唇损伤、合并肩袖撕裂、关节松弛以及肩袖间隙闭合等因素无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下采用缝合锚钉进行Bankart修复术是治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的有效方法,临床效果比较满意.年轻患者(≤20岁)和运动员患者是术后肩关节复发不稳的高危因素,必要时选择切开手术.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the results of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a minimum 1-year follow-up and to assess risk factors for recurrence.Methods From March 2002 to March 2010,259 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors.And 188 patients(50 athletes,138 nonathletes)were available for follow-up.The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.3 years (range,13-58 years).The mean follow-up was 38.6 months(range,12-110 months).All of the 188 patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES)shoulder score and Rowe score system.The rate of recurrent instability,range of motion,and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated.The ASES score was 72.6 preoperatively,and Rowe score was 33.4.Results The ASES scores improved significantly to 91.9 postoperatively(P＜0.001).The Rowe scores improved to 81.9 postoperatively(P＜0.001).And 152 patients were greatly satisfied with the results,16 satisfied and 20 unsatisfied.The satisfactory rate was 89.4%.24 patients(12.8%)suffered a recurrence after surgery,14 athletes and 10 nonathletes.The recurrence rates were 28.0% in the athlete group and 7.2% in the nonathlete group.On average there was no significant loss of external rotation postoperatively(average,75.2° preoperatively and 67.2° postoperatively).Patients under age 20,and athlete patients were associated with recurrence(P＜ 0.05).Other factors including length of time until surgery,type of anchors,number of anchors,presence of bony Bankart lesion,presence of a superior labrum,anterior and posterior tear,presence of posterior or inferior labrum lesion,presence of rotator cuff tear,ligamentous laxity and rotator interval closure did not influence the recurrence rate(P＞0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic Bankart repair is a good option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.Identification of risk factors for recurrence allows for consideration of open stabilization.In the series,patients under age 20 and athlete patients are the most important risk factors for recurrence.     

Biceps tenodesis associated with arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears

Associated lesions of the biceps tendon are commonly found during arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. These lesions are treated with tenodesis, classically performed through an open approach. However, it seems reasonable to seek a single approach to correct both lesions; therefore, we have proposed a new arthroscopic technique that allows an exclusive arthroscopic tenodesis by including the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff suture, a surgical technique with a single suture of the rotator cuff that includes the biceps tendon. We treated 97 shoulders in 96 patients arthroscopically for complete rotator cuff tears. Of these shoulders, 15 required tenodesis for treatment of biceps tendon lesions. Through an arthroscopic approach, a subacromial decompression followed by a rotator cuff repair was carried out in association with a biceps tenodesis. In this technique, one limb of the suture was passed through the biceps tendon, and the other was passed through the rotator cuff tear, bringing both tissues together in the final suture. Of the patients, 9 were men and 5 were women. Their mean age was 71 years (range, 41-80 years). The dominant arm was affected in all patients. Postoperative evaluation, by use of the UCLA score, after a mean follow-up period of 32.4 months showed satisfactory results in 93.4% of patients: 11 had excellent results, 3 had good results, and only 1 had an unsatisfactory result. In this case a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an intact rotator cuff and biceps tenodesis. The suture involving the rotator cuff and the biceps tendon proved effective to correct both lesions, with the main advantage being that an additional approach was not required.     

肩峰撞击征合并肩袖损伤的关节镜下治疗

目的分析关节镜下肩峰减压成形术及肩袖修复的临床效果。方法自2005年初始,我院对11例肩峰撞击征并肩袖损伤行关节镜下肩峰减压成形术,部分行肩袖修复术,其中男5例,女6例,年龄21～57岁,平均40岁,8例无外伤史,3例有外伤史。患者均有肩关节疼痛、肌肉萎缩、活动受限、上举困难、疼痛反射弧阳性、撞击注射试验阳性,Neer征阳性;5例有患侧卧位痛。X线提示肱骨大结节骨赘9例和肩峰骨刺2例,A—H间隙距离变小,小于1．0cm8例、小于0．5cm3例。MRI扫描均示肩袖结构T1为强信号,如关节积液T2相强信号。关节镜检查可见肩袖大撕裂（30～50mm）4例,中撕裂（10～30mm）5例,小撕裂（小于10mm）2例。行关节镜下肩峰下减压成形术,其中8例行缝合锚钉肩袖修复术。分别在术前及最终随访时采用美国肩肘外科医师（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES）和Constant—Murley评分进行功能评估。结果术后随访22．5个月（13～34个月）。患者手术前平均ASES评分为62．4分（47～76分）,VAS评分平均为5．8分（3～8分）,Constant—Murley评分为66．7分（42～79分）,平均外展35．5°（30°～50°）,平均外旋为28．4°（0°～45°）;终末随访时平均ASES评分为94．6分（79～100分）,其中VAS评分为0．6分（0～2分）,Constant—Murley评分为93．6分（77～100分）,肩关节外展160°（80°～180°）,平均外旋30．2°（20°～55°）。8例患者冈上、下肌萎缩恢复,ASES评分优良率为81．8％,Constant—Murley评分优良率为90．9％。术后各项评分均存在显著性差异（ASES：P〈0．001,t一12．324;VAS：P〈0．001,t=14．765;外展：P〈0．001,t=15．236;外旋：P〈0．01,t=7．967;Constant—Murley：P〈0.001,t=16．647）。结论a）肩峰撞击征、肩袖损伤是关节镜手术的适应证;b）对肩袖单纯修复是不够的,必须同时解决撞击因素;c）不宜将肩峰切除过多,以免发生骨折;d）尽管镜下手术技术难度较大,但镜下视野广、创伤小、术后及早进行功能锻炼,功能可以得到很好恢复,故镜下进行肩袖损伤、肩峰成形等手术应值得提倡。     

Biceps tenotomy versus soft-tissue tenodesis in females aged 60 years and older with rotator cuff tears

BackgroundRecently, to treat the long head of the biceps tendon lesions in addition to rotator cuff repair has been recommended. However, the differences in clinical outcomes between biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for middle-aged and elderly females remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of biceps tenotomy and soft-tissue tenodesis that were performed concurrently with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in ≥60-year-old females.MethodsFemale shoulders that underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in our institute in 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. This study included 66 shoulders with concurrent biceps tenotomy or soft-tissue tenodesis: tenotomy group, 41 shoulders; soft-tissue tenodesis group, 25 shoulders. Clinical scores, biceps pain (visual analogue scale, VAS), Popeye deformity, and biceps strength (%contralateral side) were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean age was significantly higher in the tenotomy group than the soft-tissue tenodesis group (72 ± 4 and 68 ± 6 years, respectively; P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in post-operative JOA and UCLA scores between the groups. VAS for biceps pain was significantly higher at postoperative 6 months in the tenotomy group than the soft-tissue tenodesis group (2.9 ± 2.5 and 1.7 ± 1.6, respectively, P = 0.03), though there were no significant differences at postoperative 3, 12, and ≥24 months. Subjective evaluation of Popeye deformity was not significantly different between the groups. Postoperative biceps strength was significantly lower in the tenotomy group than the soft-tissue tenodesis group (89.9% and 102.8%, respectively, P = 0.02).ConclusionsBoth biceps tenotomy and soft-tissue tenodesis concurrent with rotator cuff repair in ≥60-year-old female patients resulted in good outcomes. Shoulders with soft-tissue tenodesis demonstrated earlier improvement in postoperative biceps pain and better postoperative biceps strength than those with tenotomy. There were no differences in objective and subjective Popeye deformity between tenotomy and soft-tissue tenodesis. The LHB procedures, tenotomy or tenodesis, can be selected depending on surgeons’ preference.