骨髓间充质干细胞联合血管内皮生长因子基因治疗肢体缺血的实验研究

目的 观察骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cell,BMSC)联合血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)基因治疗对家兔肢体缺血模型的疗效.方法 切除新西兰兔右后肢全长股浅动脉并结扎股深动脉以建立兔后肢缺血模型,随机分为空质粒对照组(EP组)、骨髓间充质干细胞组(BMSC组)、VEGF基因治疗组(VEGF组)及联合治疗组(BV组),每组各8只.分别于治疗后28 d及30 d进行动脉造影及VEGF免疫组化染色.结果 EP组、BMSC组及VEGF组的新生血管计数组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).BV组的新生血管计数较其余3组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(F=35.47,P＜O.01).BMSC组及VEGF组的VEGF免疫组化染色呈阳性表达,与EP组比较差异有统计学意义(F=764.32,P＜0.01).BV组的VEGF免疫组化染色呈强阳性表达,与其余3组比较差异有统计学意义(F =764.32,P＜0.01).结论 BMSC联合VEGF基因治疗兔肢体缺血可使VEGF获得稳定而有效的表达,从而改善肢体缺血.     

骨髓间充质干细胞联合VEGF-C治疗兔肢体淋巴水肿

目的 :观察骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植联合外源性VEGF-C蛋白治疗兔肢体淋巴水肿疗效。方法:手术和放射相结合制作兔后肢淋巴水肿模型,随机分为对照组(生理盐水组)、骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组(BMSC组)、VEGF-C治疗组(VEGF-C组)及联合治疗组(BV组),每组各8只。治疗后28 d测量肢体体积变化,并于治疗后30 d Western blot检测移植组织中VEGF-C表达、VEGFR-3免疫组化染色及微淋巴管计数。结果:Western blot结果显示,对照组、BMSC组及VEGF-C组的VEGF-C表达无显著性差异(P0.05),BV组的VEGF-C表达较其余3组增多(P0.05),对照组、BMSC组及VEGF-C组的微淋巴管计数组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05),BV组的微淋巴管计数较其余3组明显增加(P0.05)。BMSC组及VEGF-C组的VEGFR-3免疫组化染色呈阳性表达,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05),BV组的VEGFR-3免疫组化染色呈强阳性表达,与其余3组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞联合VEGF-C可以更加有效地改善肢体淋巴水肿。     

pEGFP-C1/Akt体外转染骨髓间充质干细胞对后肢缺血大鼠血管生成的影响

目的 探讨经肌肉注射转染pEGFP-C1/Akt的鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对后肢缺血大鼠血管生成的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠30只,制成双后肢缺血模型,双盲法随机分为基因治疗组(肌注经pEGFP-C1/Akt转染的MSCs)、非基因治疗组(肌注MSCs)及对照组(肌注PBS液).造模前、造膜后即刻及MSCs移植后1～7 d内,每天用红外线皮温仪测定大鼠后肢皮温变化.28 d时经动脉造影观察后肢血管生成情况; 免疫组化染色检测后肢毛细血管密度; 逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot法检测后肢肌肉组织中Akt及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 移植3 d后基因治疗组大鼠后肢皮温升高明显.28 d时经动脉造影观察基因治疗组后肢侧支血管生成明显; 荧光显微镜观察有绿色荧光细胞在基因治疗组的内收肌和半膜肌分布.毛细血管密度: 基因治疗组为(7.1±0.3)个/高倍镜,非基因治疗组为(4.2±0.4)个/高倍镜,对照组为(1.3±0.2)个/高倍镜,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Akt及VEGF的 mRNA和蛋白的表达分析: 基因治疗组Akt mRNA(2.44±0.14)和蛋白(1.12±0.13)及VEGF mRNA(1.11±0.11)和蛋白(0.97±0.13)表达水平均明显高于非基因治疗组Akt mRNA(1.58±0.13)和蛋白(0.78±0.12)及VEGF mRNA(0.78±0.14)和蛋白(0.67±0.11)以及对照组Akt mRNA(0.64±0.11)和蛋白(0.36±0.12)及VEGF mRNA(0.56±0.11)和蛋白(0.33±0.13)的表达水平(P＜0.01),后2组间比较差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 pEGFP-C1/Akt体外转染骨髓MSCs促进后肢缺血大鼠血管生成的效果优于单纯MSCs治疗,为基因转染MSCs治疗缺血性疾病提供可能.     

胰岛素干预对糖尿病大鼠后肢缺血的作用及意义

目的研究外源性胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠缺血后肢血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响及其促血管新生的作用。方法取20只健康雄性SD大鼠,将其右后肢股动、静脉及其分支和属支结扎,制成糖尿病大鼠后肢缺血模型,然后将其用简单随机化方法随机平均分为模型组与治疗组,另取10只正常大鼠作为对照组。14 d后处死大鼠,应用Western blot法检测大鼠后肢肌肉组织中VEGF蛋白表达水平,并采用碱性磷酸酶(AKP)染色法测定大鼠后肢肌肉组织中毛细血管密度。结果对照组大鼠术前和术后7 d体重和血糖水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组大鼠术后7 d与术前比较,体重明显下降(P<0.05),但血糖水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而治疗组给予皮下注射胰岛素注射液术后7 d较术前体重明显下降,并且血糖水平较术前也明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组及模型组大鼠术后7 d体重明显下降、血糖明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗组与模型组比较,体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗组大鼠术后7 d血糖水平较模型组明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗组大鼠缺血肢体肌肉组织中VEGF蛋白相对表达量(155.06±10.26)明显高于模型组(94.30±11.23),P<0.05;对照组大鼠未检测到VEGF蛋白表达。对照组大鼠右后肢肌肉组织中毛细血管密度明显高于模型组和治疗组(P<0.05),而治疗组又明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。3组大鼠左后肢毛细血管密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组大鼠左、右后肢毛细血管密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组和治疗组大鼠右后肢毛细血管密度均明显低于左后肢(P<0.05)。结论胰岛素可以增强糖尿病大鼠后肢缺血肌肉组织中VEGF蛋白表达,促进毛细血管生成,发挥保护作用。     

缺氧诱导因子转染内皮祖细胞治疗大鼠缺血后肢

目的 使用缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)转染内皮祖细胞(EPC)治疗大鼠后肢缺血,观察EPC、HIF-1α转染EPC对大鼠缺血后肢血管新生和肢体成活的影响.方法 制作SD大鼠后肢缺血模型,将动物随机分为3组,每组6只.将构建的HIF-1α基因真核表达载体转染入EPCs后通过尾静脉注射入大鼠体内,并与注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)或EPC的大鼠进行比较,观察转染HIF-1α对新生血管形成的影响.结果 (1)EPC组、HIF组较PBS组肢体恢复率明显增加(P<0.05),EPC组肢体恢复率较HIF组差(P<0.05).(2)与PBS组比较,各时间点中EPC、HIF组微血管密度(MVD)均明显增多(P<0.05),HIF组较EPC组明显增高(P<0.05).(3)HIF组的HIF与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达较PBS组、EPC组明显增多(P<0.05).PBS组Capase-3的表达较EPC组、HIF组明显增多(P<0.05).(4)术后7 d,各组的大鼠肢体灌注均明显降低,但EPC、HIF组细胞的血流灌注较PBS组多(P<0.01).术后14、21 d,与PBS对照组比较,HIF组的血流灌注恢复明显(P<0.01),EPC组血流灌注较HIF组少(P<0.05).结论 EPCs对大鼠缺血后肢的局部血管新生有明显促进作用,联合应用HIF-1α和EPCs有更优的治疗效果.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进兔缺血后肢血管新生的实验研究

目的:了解局部应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对促进兔缺血后肢血管新生的作用。方法:25只日本大耳白兔随机分2组,外科结扎切断各兔股动脉及其分支,制作兔后肢缺血模型。试验组各兔在缺血后肢肌肉内多次注射重组人bFGF蛋白(n=15);对照组给予等剂量生理盐水(n=10)。术后4周,各兔行腹主动脉造影观察侧支血管形成情况,取内收肌和腓肠肌肌肉行病理切片HE染色应用图像分析系统统计血管密度,并用免疫组织化学方法检测内收肌和腓肠肌中VEGF阳性表达的血管数。结果:试验组兔侧支循环血管条数、血管密度及VEGF阳性表达的血管数均大于对照组(P<0.01),缺血状态得到改善。结论:在兔缺血后肢肌肉中注射bFGF蛋白可促进血管新生,增加兔缺血后肢血液灌注,改善肢体缺血状态。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗下肢缺血性疾病

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对下肢缺血模型血管新生的影响。方法制作兔左下肢缺血模型,术后随机分为rhG-CSF治疗实验组(n=24)和对照组(n=24);应用流式细胞学技术、动脉造影、免疫组织化学染色检查,比较两组外周血CD34 细胞的含量、缺血下肢侧枝血管计数及肌肉毛细血管密度。结果治疗后3 d实验组CD34 含量(%)为(0.7150±0.0873)明显高于对照组(0.3983±0.0853),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组在第15、30天时侧枝血管计数(6.33±0.82、9.17±0.75)均高于对照组(3.33±0.52、4.17±0.75)(P<0.01);第40天实验组内收肌毛细血管密度平均为8.5/HP,明显高于对照组4.2/HP(P<0.01)。结论rhG-CSF可以增加兔缺血下肢的毛细血管数量,有促进血管新生的作用。     

血管内皮生长因子转染内皮祖细胞治疗大鼠缺血后肢的研究

目的 使用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)转染内皮祖细胞(EPC)治疗大鼠缺血后肢,观察EPC、VEGF转染EPC对大鼠缺血后肢的新生血管和肢体成活的影响.方法 制作SD大鼠后肢缺血模型,将动物随机分为3组,每组6只.将构建的VEGF基因真核表达载体转染入骨髓来源的EPCs后通过尾静脉注射人大鼠体内,并与使用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)或EPC的动物进行比较,观察转染VEGF的EPCs在缺血部位的聚集和形成新生血管的情况.结果 (1)动物总残肢率比较,CELL组、VEGF组较PBS组明显增加的肢体恢复率(P<0.05),CELL组肢体恢复率较VEGF组差(P<0.05).(2)毛细血管密度与PBS组比较,各时间点中CELL、VEGF组MVD均明显增多(P<0.05).(3)缺血肢体VEGFa的表达:VEGF组的VEGF蛋白表达较PBS组、CELL组、明显增多(P<0.05);(4)手术后7、14、28 d,与PBS对照组比较,CELL、VEGF组细胞的血流灌注有较大程度的恢复(P<0.01).结论 VEGFa基因转染EPCs对缺血部位的血管新生有重要影响,联合应用VEGFa基因和EPCs治疗缺血后肢有较好的协同作用.     

血管内皮生长因子联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠后肢动脉硬化闭塞血管再生机制的研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b FGF)对大鼠后肢动脉硬化闭塞血管再生的机制。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,建立后肢动脉硬化闭塞模型,按随机数字表法将其分为4组:生理盐水组(NS组)、VEGF组、b FGF组及VEGF+b FGF组。NS组、VEGF组隔天于腹腔分别注射生理盐水1 m L、100μg/L rh VEGF 1 m L;b FGF组隔天于后肢股内侧多点肌肉注射100μg/L rhb FGF 1 m L;VEGF+b FGF组隔天于腹腔注射100μg/L rh VEGF 1 m L及于后肢股内侧多点肌肉注射100μg/L rhb FGF 1 m L,共治疗21 d。第30 d时行血管造影检查观察大鼠后肢动脉硬化闭塞血管再生情况;第3个月时,取后肢股内侧肌肉组织分别应用Western blot和RT-PCR法检测其组织中VEGF和b FGF蛋白和m RNA表达水平。结果 1血管造影结果显示,VEGF+b FGF组侧支血管新生条数明显多于b FGF组(P0.05)、VEGF组(P0.05)及NS组(P0.001),b FGF组和VEGF组也明显多于NS组(P0.05),b FGF组和VEGF组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2 Western blot和RT-PCR检测结果均显示,VEGF和b FGF蛋白和m RNA表达在VEGF+b FGF组均明显高于NS组(P0.001)、VEGF组(P0.001)和b FGF组(P0.001);VEGF组和b FGF组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 VEGF和b FGF联合应用能够上调大鼠后肢缺血区组织中VEGF、b FGF的含量,促进血管内皮细胞增殖和分化、毛细血管出芽生长,使缺血区血管新生,为外周动脉疾病的临床治疗提供新方法。     

神经生长因子基因转染对缺血肢体血管生成和骨骼肌纤维重塑的影响

目的观察神经生长因子(NGF)对缺血肢体血管生成和骨骼肌纤维重塑的影响,探讨NGF与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在血管生成中的关系。方法 18只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、空白对照组和NGF治疗组,每组各6只。建立小鼠左后肢缺血模型,术后第7 d对NGF组进行基因转染。术后第21 d时对3组小鼠左后肢缺血进行评估,然后取腓肠肌组织进行HE染色、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和CD34免疫组织化学染色,ELISA法检测腓肠肌组织中NGF、VEGF蛋白表达量,肌球蛋白ATP酶染色分析肌纤维类型。结果术后第21 d时,NGF组的左后肢肌肉萎缩程度弱于空白对照组,左后肢缺血评分明显低于空白对照组(P0.05),内皮细胞增殖指数、毛细血管密度、NGF和VEGF表达量均明显高于空白对照组(P0.05),Ⅰ型肌纤维比例也明显高于空白对照组(P0.05)。结论 NGF基因转染能够促进缺血肢体NGF、VEGF表达和血管生成,诱导肌纤维向Ⅰ型重塑,相关分子调控机制仍需进一步研究。     

干细胞移植治疗大鼠后肢缺血中HIV-Tat-CLIO标记磁共振体内示踪的研究

目的 探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒tat蛋白转导域交连超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒(HIV-Tat-CLIO)标记、磁共振成像(MRI)无创体内示踪移植大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)的可行性和有效性.方法 SD人鼠28只,分为4组,每组7只,建立右后肢缺亦模型.A组移植HIV-Tat-CLIO标记的BMSC;B组移植HIV-Tat-CLIO与BrdU复合标记的BMSC;C组移植未标记的BMSC;D组注射无菌磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS).术后MRI示踪移植细胞,评估缺血改善程度,以及组织学检查.结果 B、C组分别死亡2只和1只.A、B组MRI结果相似:术后第3天,注射部位圆形低信号影,1周低信号灶离心性扩散成颗粒状,第2周低密度影进一步扩散,信号强度减弱,第4周信号强度进一步减弱,低密度颗粒扩散范围局限于原部位7 mm处.C、D组MRI阴性.缺血后肢平均皮肤温度、血管造影评分以及毛细血管密度A、B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均显著高于D组(P<0.05).D组的损伤评分明显高于其他3组,其他3组间差异无统计学意义.组织学检查与MRI结果一致.结论 HIV-Tat-CLIO标记、MRI可以有效地体内示踪植入大鼠缺血后肢的BMSC.对BM-SC改善缺血的效果无明显影响.     

下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成的外科治疗

目的 探讨治疗下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成的最佳外科治疗手段.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月～2010年10月我科收治的26例下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成患者的临床资料,比较单纯采用股动脉切开导管取栓术组(10例)与股-腘动脉切开取栓联合动脉重建手术组(16例)的疗效.结果随访时间1～114个月,单纯股动脉切开术组中的...     

大鼠肢体缺血再灌注早期血栓前状态的研究

目的探讨大鼠急性下肢缺血再灌注早期血栓的形成情况。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组、下肢缺血再灌注组两组。夹闭大鼠股动脉并用张力带绑扎下肢，建立急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠模型。观察急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb／Ⅲa和血管内皮细胞血栓调节蛋白（thrombomoclulin，TM）的表达。结果缺血再灌注组大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb／Ⅲa表达高于假手术组（P〈0．05）；缺血再灌注组大鼠血管内皮TM表达低于假手术组（P〈0．05）。结论急性下肢缺血再灌注可能导致大鼠血栓前状态的形成。     

Protective effects of ischemic postconditioning on intestinal mucosa barrier function in rabbits with crush injury of hind limb: an experimental study

Objective: To explore the protective effects of two types of ischemic postconditioning (IP) on intestinal mucosa barrier in rabbits with crush injury of the hind limb.Methods: This study was conducted between August and December 2008 in the Department of Trauma Surgery,Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University,Chongqing, China. The model of crush injury to the hind limb of rabbits was firstly developed by a 25 kg object with the right hind limbs fixed by wooden splints, and then two types of IP were established, including occluding/opening the common iliac artery and vein alternatively (traditional IP, IP A) and binding/loosening the proximum of the injured hind limb alternatively (modified IP, IP B). Thirty-six male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: IP A group, IP B group and control group, with 12rabbits in each group. The serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (Ⅰ-FABP)were detected at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury. Pathological changes of ileum were examined at 24 hours alter injury.Results: The serum levels of I-FABP at 2, 6, 12 and 24hours after injury in both IP A and IP B groups had a significant decrease, compared with control group. DAO levels also showed the same change trend at 2 and 6 hours after injury, but showed no significant difference between two IP groups. No difference in pathological changes of ileum was found among the three groups.Conclusions: IP can protect intestinal mucosa barrier function on the model of hind limb crush injury in rabbits.Meanwhile the modified IP B shows the same protection as the traditional IP A, and is worth applying in clinic.     

An evaluation of resting arterial ischemia models in the rat hind limb

Techniques for using the rat hind limb as a model of pure arterial ischemia at rest have not been well defined. Because the rat has no profunda femoral artery, numerous collateral pathways exist to the hind limb, and femoral artery ligation is not an effective method of inducing arterial ischemia. After several anatomic studies, a two stage operation to produce arterial ischemia in the left hind limb was devised. The first stage involved surgical interruption of collateral and re-entrant vessels, and the second stage involved femoral artery ligation. Using Xenon 133 clearance as an estimate of blood flow, reduction in flow to 14, 24, and 37% of the simultaneously measured value in the right hind limb was obtained at 2 hours, 2 days, and 5 days post ligation. Oxygen extraction in the left hind limb doubled both at 2 hours and at 2 days post ligation. Histological evaluation of the anterior compartment musculature after 5 days demonstrated loss of nuclei, degenerating contractile elements, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Evaluation of rats that had undergone isolated femoral artery ligation showed a 66% reduction in flow 2 hours after ligation, but no reduction in flow at 5 days, no increase in oxygen extraction, and only nuclear changes on histological exam at five days.     

Revascularization of an ischemic limb by use of a muscle pedicle flap: a rabbit model.

A rabbit model of hind limb ischemia was designed to demonstrate that new, hemodynamically significant arterial connections will develop between ischemic skeletal muscle and an independently perfused muscle pedicle flap. The right common iliac artery was divided in 15 rabbits. In eight rabbits a muscle flap based on the left deep inferior epigastric artery was transposed to the right thigh (flap group). In seven rabbits a sham operation was performed where the flap was sutured to the abdominal wall (sham group). After 7 days angiography demonstrated arterial connections between the flap and the native limb circulation in all of the flap group animals. The flap increased muscle perfusion in the ischemic limb (2.99 ml/100 gm muscle/minute in the flap group, vs 2.06 ml/100 gm muscle/minute in the sham group, p less than 0.005). Hemodynamically significant vascular connections will develop between a well-perfused muscle flap and an ischemic limb. The augmentation in perfusion provided by these connections can be quantified.     

Adenovirus vector-mediated ex vivo gene transfer of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to bone marrow stromal cells promotes axonal regeneration after transplantation in completely transected adult rat spinal cord

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in adult rat completely transected spinal cord of adenovirus vector-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ex vivo gene transfer to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). BMSC were infected with adenovirus vectors carrying β-galactosidase (AxCALacZ) or BDNF (AxCABDNF) genes. The T8 segment of spinal cord was removed and replaced by graft containing Matrigel alone (MG group) or Matrigel and BMSC infected by AxCALacZ (BMSC-LacZ group) or AxCABDNF (BMSC-BDNF group). Axons in the graft were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and functional recovery was assessed with BBB locomotor scale. In the BMSC-BDNF group, the number of fibers positive for growth associated protein-43, tyrosine hydroxylase, and calcitonin gene-related peptide was significantly larger than numbers found for the MG and BMSC-LacZ groups. Rats from BMSC-BDNF and BMSC-LacZ groups showed significant recovery of hind limb function compared with MG rats; however, there was no significant difference between groups in degree of functional recovery. These findings demonstrate that adenovirus vector-mediated ex vivo gene transfer of BDNF enhances the capacity of BMSC to promote axonal regeneration in this completely transected spinal cord model; however, BDNF failed to enhance hind limb functional recovery. Further investigation is needed to establish an optimal combination of cell therapy and neurotrophin gene transfer for cases of spinal cord injury.     

Therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow stromal cells: improved blood flow in a chronic limb ischemia model

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effect of autologous marrow stromal cells (MSCs) on neovascularization and blood flow in an animal model of chronic limb ischemia. METHODS: Chronic hind limb ischemia was created by ligating the left common iliac artery of male Lewis rats. Three weeks after ligation, 5.0 million LacZ+MSCs (n = 10) or culture medium (n = 10) were injected into the anteromedial muscle compartment of the left thigh. At 4 and 6 weeks after injection, half the animals (n = 5) from each group underwent femoral artery ultrasonic blood flow measurements of the ischemic and nonischemic limbs to obtain a flow ratio. The animals also underwent angiography and measurements of blood vessel density and arteriolar density. Qualitative histologic assessment of the limb muscles was performed. RESULTS: LacZ+MSCs were found to differentiate into endothelium (F VIII+), vascular smooth muscle (positive a-smooth muscle actin), skeletal muscle (positive desmin), and adipocytes. Ischemic hind limbs where MSCs were implanted had greater vascular density and arteriolar density than control limbs (p < 0.001). Femoral artery flow index (left femoral artery flow/right femoral artery flow) was 0.89 +/- 0.12 and 0.90 +/- 0.06 for rats injected with MSCs measured at 4- and 6-weeks, respectively, compared with 0.50 +/- 0.15 and 0.50 +/- 0.10 for the control rats (p < 0.001). Angiography demonstrated reconstitution of the left femoral artery in rats that received MSC implantation through pelvic and abdominal wall collateral formation. CONCLUSIONS: Local MSC implantation induces a neovascular response resulting in a significant increase in blood flow to the ischemic limb. Marrow stromal cells are also capable of spontaneously regenerating the various components of muscular tissues.     

2型糖尿病大鼠后肢缺血模型的建立及评价

目的建立2型糖尿病大鼠后肢缺血模型并进行评价,为后续的干预实验提供研究平台。方法将15只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组及糖尿病后肢缺血组,每组5只。糖尿病组及糖尿病后肢缺血组的10只大鼠均给予高脂饮食喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ,40mg／kg）以建立2型糖尿病模型。糖尿病后肢缺血组大鼠建模成功后行双侧髂总动脉结扎术以建立后肢缺血模型,正常对照组和糖尿病组大鼠仅分离髂总动脉,不予结扎。2周后对3组大鼠股动脉的起始段行彩色多普勒超声检查,以检测股动脉的血流峰值速度和血流加速时间;取缺血部位的小腿三头肌及大腿股四头肌组织,分别行HE染色及免疫组化SP染色,以观察3组大鼠肌细胞的营养状况及血管再生情况。结果后肢缺血模型建模2周后,正常对照组、糖尿病组和糖尿病后肢缺血组大鼠的血流峰值速度分别为（22．49±3．02）cm／s、（17．36±2．60）cm／s和（11．23±1．26）cm／s,血流加速时间分别为（0．080±0．009）S、（0．120±0．009）S和（0．160±0．020）s,糖尿病后肢缺血组大鼠的股动脉血流峰值速度小于正常对照组和糖尿病组（P〈0．05）,而血流加速时间较长（P〈0．05）。HE染色结果显示：糖尿病后肢缺血组大鼠小腿三头肌的结构破坏,有大量炎症细胞浸润,肌肉损伤程度重于正常对照组和糖尿病组。免疫组化sP染色结果显示：糖尿病后肢缺血组大鼠大腿股四头肌的毛细血管密度[（1．40±0．55）个／HPF]小于正常对照组[（6．80±0．84）个／HPF]及糖尿病组[（4．60±0．55）个／HPF],差异均有统计学意义伊〈O．05）。结论对SD大鼠给予高脂饮食联合小剂量STZ注射可以成功诱导2型糖尿病模型,在此模型基础上结扎髂总动脉可以成功制备糖尿病后肢缺血模型。