胃癌根治联合胰十二指肠切除治疗局部进展期胃癌疗效分析：附11例报告

目的：探讨联合行胃癌根治及胰十二指肠切除治疗局部进展期胃癌的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2005年5月—2012年6月期间11例因侵及胰头或十二指肠而联合行胃癌根治及胰十二指肠切除术的胃癌患者的临床资料。 结果：行远端胃联合胰十二指肠切除术6例,行远端胃联合胰十二指肠切除加右半结肠切除5例,全组无手术死亡病例。术后并发症4例,其中胆瘘1例,胰瘘1例,腹腔感染1例,切口感染1例。患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别为68.2%,34.1%,22.7%。 结论：对能达到R0切除的胃癌侵犯胰头或十二指肠患者,行胰十二指肠切除术是积极有效的治疗方法。     

门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术在胰腺癌治疗中的应用

目的：探讨门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析21例行联合门静脉(PV) 和/或肠系膜上静脉(SMV)、胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,分析手术并发症及其预后。结果：全组围手术期并发症发生率为19.04%(4/21),其中2例胃潴留,1例上消化道出血,1例切口裂开,无胆胰瘘并发症。围手术期（术后1个月内）病死率4.76%（1/21）。20例患者生存期为6～67个月,平均(20.38±9.36) 个月。患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别是65.9%,16.0%和10.2%。结论：有选择的施行血管切除有助于提高局部较晚期胰头癌的切除率,能明显改善患者的生存质量,在一定程度上延长了生存期。     

胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头联合胰十二指肠切除43例临床分析

目的探讨胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头时的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1984年6月至2004年6月收治的采用胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗的胃癌侵及胰头43例临床资料。结果无手术死亡。19例根治手术中联合胰十二指肠切除术15例,胰头局部切除4例;姑息切除17例;探查及胃空肠吻合7例。术后并发症发生率:PD术后为33%(5/15),胰头部分切除为25%(1/4),姑息切除为18%(3/17),探查活检为14%(1/7)。组间差异无显著性意义(P>0·05)。随访:中位生存时间PD为26个月(12~156个月),胰头部分切除为23个月(14~73个月),姑息切除为8个月(3~37个月),探查及胃空肠吻合为3个月(1·5~9·0个月)。联合PD和胰头部分切除的生存期明显长于姑息切除和探查及胃空肠吻合组(P<0·01)。结论胃幽门窦癌联合PD或胰头局部切除能够提高病人的生存期,手术指征选择恰当和肿瘤的彻底根治是取得良好临床效果的关键。     

胰头癌侵犯胰后大血管的处理

目的　探讨胰头癌侵犯胰后大血管的治疗方法。方法　采用切除受侵犯血管的根治性胰十二指肠切除术治疗 2 5例胰头癌及 1例复发性十二指肠癌胰后大血管受侵犯者。结果　本组无手术死亡病例。术后发生胰瘘 4例 ,胆瘘 2例 ,均经保守疗法治愈。无血管手术并发症发生。 2 6例获随访2 .5～ 6 .5 (中位时间 4.5 )年 ,平均生存期为 5 6个月 ,1,3,5年生存率分别为 96 .1% ,88.4%和5 7.5 %。结论　 ( 1)彩色多普勒检查可作为术前诊断血管受侵犯的实用、可靠方法。 ( 2 )胰头癌侵犯血管时 ,应积极采用切除受侵犯血管的根治性胰十二指肠切除术。该手术方法合理、安全、有效、可行 ,能提高 5年生存率。     

联合脏器切除应用于局部进展期右半结肠癌的疗效

目的探讨右半结肠联合周围脏器切除治疗局部进展期右半结肠癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析13例因局部进展期结肠癌并侵犯邻近组织器官而行联合脏器切除的右半结肠切除患者的临床资料。结果13例患者中男8例,女5例,年龄39-76（平均58．6）岁。原发肿瘤位于结肠肝曲6例。升结肠5例．横结肠2例。肿瘤仅侵犯十二指肠3例,同时侵犯十二指肠和其他组织器官9例,另1例侵犯胰腺和胃。手术均采用右半结肠联合胰十二指肠和（或）其他脏器切除术。13例患者术后1年、3年及5年生存率分别为69％、54％和30％。结论右半结肠联合脏器切除术对于局部进展期右半结肠癌具有积极的治疗意义。     

十二指肠乳头癌的诊断与外科治疗:附48例报告

目的　探讨十二指肠乳头癌的诊断及治疗效果。方法　回顾分析收治的 48例十二指肠乳头癌患者的临床资料。黄疸 43例 ,上腹疼痛 2 3例 ,皮肤瘙痒 12例 ,其他症状 7例。B超、CT及ERCP检查确诊率分别为 3 9.6% ,5 0 .0 %和 93 .3 %。 3 9例行胰十二指肠切除术 (其中 1例为保留幽门术式 ) ,5例行胆肠和 /或胃肠吻合术 ,1例行肿瘤局部切除 ,3例确诊后自动出院。结果　随诊 3 6例。胰十二指肠切除术后生存期超过 1a者占 66.7% ( 2 4/3 6) ,超过 3a者 3 0 .6% ( 11/3 6)。胰十二指肠切除术 8例中有 2例术后 7年至今仍存活。 3例放弃手术治疗者无 1例生存期超过 1a。行胆肠和 /或胃肠吻合术中仅有 1例生存期超过 1a。结论　ERCP加活检是该病的主要诊断手段 ,根治性手术是主要的治疗措施     

联合尾侧半胰和脾脏切除术治疗局部晚期胃癌

目的分析局部晚期胃癌患者施行联合尾侧半胰、脾脏切除术的疗效。方法总结1986年2月至2001年3月间对32例局部晚期胃癌患者施行联合尾侧半胰、脾脏切除术的疗效(观察组),并与同期施行姑息切除手术的15例胃癌患者(对照组)进行对照分析。结果观察组与对照组患者术后中位生存期分别为(25±3)个月和(19±5)个月。1年生存率分别为81.3%和73.3%(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义。3年存活率分别为34.4%和6.7%(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论只要掌握好手术适应证,对局部晚期胃癌患者施行联合尾侧半胰、脾脏切除术是安全、有效的。     

螺旋CT血管造影在胰头癌手术中的价值

目的 探讨术前螺旋CT血管造影(SCTA)诊断局部进展期胰头癌侵犯胰周大血管在胰头癌手术中的价值.方法 92例横断面CT检查疑似局部进展期的胰头痛病人,术前均进行了sCTA检查,评价胰头癌侵犯血管的情况.根据不同的分级,采取不同的术中探查方式和术式.结果 45例胰头癌病人SMV/PV受侵2级以下,施行了经典胰十二指肠切除术.其中受侵1～2级的12例术中探查证实肿瘤与血管之间是粘连和慢性炎症表现.13例SMV/PV受侵3～4级,长度低于2 cm的,行联合血管切除(PVR)的胰十二指肠切除术,直接端端吻合重建门静脉.而SMV/PV受侵4级,长度2 cm以上的34例,5例行联合PVR的胰头癌切除术,其中胰十二指肠切除术4例,全胰切除术1例,均采用Gore-Tex人工血管植入重建门静脉.其余29例SMV/PV受侵长度3 cm以上,术中探查不可切除,行胆管空肠内引流术,其中6例同时行胃卒肠吻合术.结论 术前SCTA检查可精确诊断胰头癌侵犯胰周大血管的情况,藉此可在术中选择不同的探查方式和术式.     

侵犯门静脉的胰头癌手术切除方法探讨

目的探讨胰头癌侵犯肠膜上静脉及/或门静脉时手术切除的方法,以及胰头癌姑息性切除的临床意义.方法回顾3年间手术治疗的71例胰头癌患者的临床资料,对有血管侵犯者,采取直接切断胰腺的方法切除肿瘤,配合局部放疗、化疗.结果手术切除率57.75%;围手术期并发症发生率22.54%;死亡1例（肺炎并发多器官衰竭）.术后6个月生存率100%,1年81.69%,2年40.85%.结论直接切断胰腺的方法简单、安全,可以显著提高进展期胰头癌手术切除率,延长患者生存时间.     

胰腺癌手术方式的探讨

目的 探讨胰腺癌手术方式的选择。方法 回顾分析8年来209例胰腺癌患者的临床资料：胰头肿瘤149例，胰体尾肿瘤54例，全胰癌6例；行根治性胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾加脾切除术59例，姑息性胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾加脾切除术15例，内引流术64例。结果 胰腺癌根治性切除术后1年生存率42.37%，3年生存率13.56%，5年生存率6.78%，明显高于其他治疗组；姑息性切除术后1年生存率20%，3年生存率6.67%，明显高于未手术者；内引流术后1年生存率仅为9.38%，3年以上生存率为零，与未手术者无明显差异，但生存质量有所改善。结论 根据术前CT和磁共振显像（MRI）检查，对胰腺癌进行准确的术前评估和分级分期；并根据术中探查肿瘤是否侵犯血管，有无局部或远处转移，选择正确的手术方式，能显著提高患者术后生存率和有效改善其生存质量。     

结肠肝曲癌侵犯十二指肠的外科治疗

目的:探讨结肠肝曲癌侵犯十二指肠的治疗方法。方法:对15例结肠肝曲癌侵犯十二指肠患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:结肠肝曲癌15例分别侵犯十二指肠第2或第3段，其中6例为癌性粘连，5例侵犯浆肌层，4例穿通十二指肠形成十二指肠结肠瘘。15例均行手术治疗。黏液腺癌8例，低分化腺癌4例，中分化腺癌2例，印戒细胞癌1例。手术并发症手术死亡1例，5年生存率为46.7%（7/15）。结论:十二指肠是结肠肝曲癌肿最易受侵器官，根治性联合脏器的整块切除为首选治疗方法，十二指肠创缘的正确处理是术后恢复的关键。     

胃全系膜切除在改善胃癌手术预后中的应用及前景

目前普遍采用D2胃癌根治术治疗可切除的进展期胃癌，但效果并不理想。随着对肿瘤转移及胃胚胎学和解剖学上的认识不断加深，近年提出胃全系膜切除术（EME）可能在改善胃癌手术预后中的具有重要意义。笔者就EME的相关研究和应用现状作一综述。     

Multiorgan resection for gastric cancer: intraoperative and computed tomography assessment of locally advanced disease is inaccurate

Multiorgan resection of locally advanced gastric cancer has previously been associated with increased morbidity. This study was performed to determine the actual prevalence of pathologic T4 disease in multiorgan gastric resection specimens excised for presumed clinical T4 gastric cancer. A prospective oncology database was queried to identify gastric cancer patients who underwent en bloc multiorgan resection for clinical T4 lesions. Four hundred eighteen patients with gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy between 1990 and 2002. Multiorgan resection was performed in 21 of 418 (5%) patients. Multiorgan resection was not associated with a significant increase in morbidity or mortality. Pathologically confirmed T4 disease was present in only 8 of 21 (38%) patients; the pathologic T stage in all remaining patients was T3 (13 [62%]). Fifteen patients were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography scan. Preoperative computed tomography was inaccurate in assessing T4 lesions, with a positive predictive value of only 50%. Multiorgan resection was safely performed in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Pathologic T4 disease was present in only one third of multiorgan resections performed for en bloc excision of locally advanced gastric cancer. Improved methods for intraoperative assessment of disease extension to adjacent viscera should be investigated. Presented at the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Oriando, Florida, May 18–21, 2003 (poster presentation).     

进展期胃癌完全腹腔镜与开腹D2根治手术的对比研究

目的探讨进展期胃癌完全腹腔镜D2根治手术的安全性和可行性。方法回顾分析6年间暨南大学附属第一医院普通外科进展期胃癌的完全腹腔镜D2根治手术26例患者(腔镜组)的临床资料,并以开腹手术45例(开腹组)作为对照。结果入选的71例手术均顺利完成。淋巴结清除数在两组间的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腔镜组的手术时间比开腹组长,术中出血量比开腹组少,术后肛门排气时间和术后住院时间均比开腹组短(均P<0.05)。开腹组手术后发生并发症2例,其中吻合口出血1例,吻合口梗阻1例,均经非手术治疗好转;腔镜组手术无并发症发生。腔镜组术后随访4～63个月,失访1例;1,3,5年生存率分别为100%(20/20),92.3%(12/13),66.7%(2/3)。开腹组术后随访3～65个月,失访2例;1,3,5年生存率分别为100%(37/37),90.5%(19/21),71.4%(5/7)。两组间的1,3,5年生存率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论进展期胃癌的完全腹腔镜D2根治手术是安全、可行的,并体现了腹腔镜手术微创的优越性。     

Gastrocolic fistulas

Sixteen patients were treated for gastrocolic fistula arising as a complication of peptic ulcer (11 cases), colonic perforation (2), gastric cancer (1), colonic cancer (1) or pancreatitis (1). The predominant symptoms were diarrhoea, weight loss and abdominal pain. Barium meal and barium enema were the most reliable means of diagnosis, and no fistula was gastroscopically demonstrable. A one-stage en bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region was performed in eight cases. Other operations were simple excision (3), gastric resection with closure of the colonic wall (2) and colectomy with closure of the gastric wall (2). In one case cure was achieved with cimetidine, without surgical intervention. Four patients died postoperatively and two had recurrence of fistula.     

Ischemic Gastropathy After Distal Pancreatectomy with Celiac Axis Resection

Purpose Stomach-preserving distal pancreatectomy with en bloc resection of the celiac, common hepatic, and left gastric arteries is a radical operation performed for locally advanced cancer of the pancreatic body. However, it is not known whether the collateral pathways that develop immediately from the superior mesenteric artery to the gastroduodenal and hepatic arteries provide sufficient blood flow to support the hepatobiliary system and the stomach. This article examines the ischemic gastropathy that can occur after this procedure and identifies the predisposing conditions.Methods Between 1997 and 2001, nine patients underwent stomach-preserving distal pancreatectomy with en bloc resection of the celiac, common hepatic, and left gastric arteries. Concomitant resection of the right gastric artery or gastroduodenal artery was performed due to cancer infiltration in three patients.Results Irregular, shallow, and wide ulcerations thought to be ischemic in origin developed in these three patients, but all the ulcerations healed in 1–2 weeks with antiulcer medication. None of the other six patients had evidence of gastric ischemia.Conclusions Ischemic gastropathy is rare after distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection alone; however, division of additional arteries supplying the stomach may predispose to ischemic gastropathy.     

En bloc resection of the duodenum for locally advanced right colon adenocarcinoma

Direct invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma into adjacent structures occurs frequently, but only rarely is the duodenum involved. This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of en bloc resection of locally advanced right colon carcinoma invading the duodenum. A retrospective review of 49 patients with locally advanced colon cancer, surgically managed between 2000 and 2005, was performed. Forty-six patients underwent en bloc resection of colon and adjacent organs not involving the duodenum. Three patients with duodenal invasion underwent en bloc partial duodenectomy. The mean operative blood loss, length of stay, postoperative morbidity, and mortality compare favorably between these two groups of patients. Of the 46 patients with en bloc resection of other organs, 27 are alive at 12 to 60 months follow up. Two patients with duodenal invasion are alive without recurrence at 15 and 20 months follow up. En bloc resection of colon cancer invading the duodenum can be performed safely because morbidity and mortality rates are comparable to those attending extended resections of other locally advanced colon carcinomas. Overall survival in patients who underwent surgery with curative intent justifies en bloc duodenal resection in selected patients.     

残胃复发癌48例外科治疗的临床分析

目的总结和分析残胃复发癌的临床诊治特点。方法对收治的48例因胃癌根治术后复发而再次接受手术者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果48例均为胃癌根治术后的残胃复发癌,复发时间为6～36个月,再次行根治性手术28例(58.3%),平均生存40.0个月;非根治性手术20例(41.7%),平均生存14.8个月;全组平均生存期30.6个月,中位生存期28.0个月。病期、病理类型、根治与否、腹膜种植、肝转移等因素的组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论根治性手术及临床分期、腹膜种植是影响残胃复发癌预后的关键。根治性切除是治疗残胃复发癌的有效方法。