POSSUM评分预测高龄食管癌及贲门癌患者术后并发症发生率的价值

目的：探讨生理学和手术侵袭度评分（POSSUM）预测胸外科食管癌贲门癌高龄患者术后并发症发生率的价值。方法：回顾性分析154例胸外科高龄食管癌贲门癌患者的术后并发症发生率,并与POSSUM评分系统预测的结果进行比较。结果：共有71例患者术后发生并发症,并发症组生理学评分明显高于无并发症组（P〈0.01）。PO SSUM评分预测术后并发症人数为65例,实际并发症人数为71例,差异无显著性（P=0.327）。结论：POSSUM评分能较好地预测高龄食管癌及贲门癌患者术后并发症发生率。     

POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统预测肝胆手术风险价值的Meta分析

目的分析目前POSSUM和P-POSSUM这两种广泛用于普外科手术风险预测的评分系统对肝胆手术患者术后并发症发生率和死亡率的预测价值。方法计算机检索PubMed、h e Cochrane Library(2013年第10期))、Science Citation Index、CNKI、WanFang Data和CBM数据库,查找关于在肝胆手术中使用POSSUM和/或P-POSSUM评分系统预测术后并发症发生率和死亡率的研究,检索时限均为从1991年至2013年10月。由2位评价员根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10个研究。其中:5个研究(n=683)采用POSSUM预测了术后并发症发生率,其加权O/E=0.71,95%CI(0.60,0.81);7个研究(n=1?291)采用POSSUM预测了术后死亡率,其加权O/E=0.42,95%CI(0.27,0.57);6个研究(n=1?793)采用P-POSSUM预测了术后死亡率,其加权O/E=0.74,95%CI(0.53,0.95)。结论 POSSUM可能会高估肝胆手术患者的术后并发症发生率,而P-POSSUM对肝胆手术患者术后死亡率预测的准确性明显高于POSSUM。     

POSSUM评分在老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者围手术期中的应用

目的评价生理学和手术严重度评分(POSSUM)在围手术期预测老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后并发症的发生率和病死率的临床价值。方法自2012年1月至2014年12月对100例低能量所致股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者进行POSSUM评分,计算发生并发症和死亡例数,并与实际值进行比较。结果根据POSSUM系统预测,发生并发症35例,而实际发生32例,差异无统计学意义;预测发生死亡12例,实际发生4例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在围手术期应用POSSUM评分能较好地预测老年髋骨骨折患者术后并发症的发生率,但对术后死亡存在过度预测。     

POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统对高龄转子间骨折行髋关节置换术的风险预测

目的探讨POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统对老龄转子间骨折行髋关节置换术术后风险预测的实用性。方法对148髋行髋关节置换的高龄转子间骨折患者进行POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分,预测术后并发症和死亡例数,并与观测值比较。结果 POSSUM评分系统预测术后并发症23例,观测并发症34例,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);预测死亡84例,观测死亡8例,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01); P-POSSUM评分系统预测死亡11例,观测死亡8例,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 POSSUM对死亡率的预测值偏高,对并发症的预测有很好的临床价值; P-POSSUM对术后死亡风险有很好的预测能力。但POSSUM和P-POSSUM部分评价内容,如年龄评分、骨科高危因素及定义术后并发症方面有待国内形成大数据后改良。     

不同呼气末正压对腹腔镜腹部手术患者术后肺部并发症的影响

目的 评价不同呼气末正压(PEEP)对腹腔镜腹部手术患者术后肺部并发症(PPC)的影响。方法 择期气管插管全身麻醉下拟行腹腔镜腹部手术患者72例,ARISCAT风险评分≥26分,根据术中采用不同呼气末正压(PEEP)随机分为较高PEEP肺通气组(处理组,PEEP=6～8 cmH₂O)和低PEEP肺通气组(对照组,PEEP=0～2 cmH₂O),每组各36例。主要观察指标为术后7 d内PPC的发生率。结果 处理组术后7 d内呼吸道感染的发生率明显低于对照组(16.7%VS. 41.7%,P=0.02)。两组间术后7 d内PPC的发生率、术后第7天mCPIS评分、手术并发症的严重程度,术后住院时间及入住重症监护病房(ICU)发生率的比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 气管插管全身麻醉下行腹腔镜腹部手术患者,采用较高PEEP的术中机械通气策略能降低呼吸道感染的发生率,但并未明显改善其术后肺部并发症的发生率。     

POSSUM评分在预测泌尿外科患者术后并发症的临床价值

目的:探讨POSSUM评分在预测泌尿外科患者术后并发症的临床价值。方法:将2013年6月~2014年6月在我院泌尿外科住院行手术治疗的病例674例,随机等分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者入院后给予泌尿外科护理常规。观察组在对照组基础上应用POSSUM评分预测术后并发症的发生风险,对可能发生并发症的患者给予针对性干预。结果:观察组患者并发症发生例数少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用POSSUM评分预测泌尿外科术后并发症的发生风险,为早期护理干预提供依据,减少并发症,提高医疗护理质量,具有临床实用价值。     

糖尿病合并肺结核患者营养风险筛查、评估及干预的临床研究

目的观察营养风险筛查、评估和干预对糖尿病合并肺结核患者治疗效果的影响。方法选择绍兴市立医院2015年1月至2016年12月收治的152例糖尿病合并肺结核患者,采用营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)评分进行筛查,根据结果分为无风险组72例,风险组80例,风险组再分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组和观察组均予相同的常规抗痨和降糖治疗,观察组额外加营养支持,对两组营养生化指标、细胞免疫功能及痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率等指标进行比较。结果风险组NRS2002评分[(6.63±0.36)vs.(2.44±0.08),t=10.740,P=0.043]明显高于无风险组,总蛋白[(52.2±1.0)g/L vs.(67.4±1.5)g/L,t=8.823,P=0.039]、白蛋白[(33.5±1.0)g/L vs.(44.7±1.0)g/L,t=7.770,P=0.032]水平均明显低于无风险组。治疗后观察组体质量指数[(8.6±0.5)kg/m~2 vs.(10.6±4.0)kg/m~2,t=2.183,P=0.032]、总胆固醇[(4.03±0.21)mmol/L vs.(4.72±0.22)mmol/L,t=2.283,P=0.025]、甘油三酯[(3.67±0.30)mmol/L vs.(4.43±0.22)mmol/L,t=2.007,P=0.048]、低密度脂蛋白[(3.7±0.4)mmol/L vs.(4.8±0.3)mmol/L,t=2.098,P=0.039]、空腹血糖[(6.0±0.5)mmol/L vs.(8.9±0.5)mmol/L,t=4.089,P=0.015]、糖化血红蛋白[(4.0±0.3)%vs.(5.5±0.6)%,t=2.275,P=0.026]水平和NRS2002评分[(3.3±0.4)vs.(4.7±0.4),t=2.469,P=0.016]较对照组均明显降低,高密度脂蛋白[(5.7±0.6)mmol/L vs.(4.0±0.5)mmol/L,t=2.149,P=0.035]水平明显高于对照组。治疗后观察组CD3~+[(63.6±1.5)%vs.(59.7±1.1)%,t=2.098,P=0.039]、CD4~+[(35.6±1.5)%vs.(30.9±1.7)%,t=2.115,P=0.038]水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+[(25.9±1.2)%vs.(29.1±1.0)%,t=2.071,P=0.042]水平明显低于对照组。治疗后观察组与对照组平均痰菌转阴天数[(67.1±1.4)d vs.(72.1±1.6)d,t=2.312,P=0.019]、病灶吸收率[(74.0±3.8)%vs.(55.0±2.7)%,t=4.096,P=0.030]的比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论规范的营养风险筛查、评估及干预能明显改善糖尿病合并肺结核患者的营养状态、免疫功能和治疗效果。     

强化胰岛素治疗对脓毒性休克患者血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨强化胰岛素治疗和目标血糖控制对脓毒性休克患者血流动力学和心功能的影响.方法 选择合并有心肌抑制的脓毒性休克患者27例.随机分为目标组(13例)和常规组(14例).通过静脉持续输注胰岛素和加强血糖监测将24 h平均血糖控制在目标组4.1～6.1 mmol/L、常规组6.2～8.3 mmol/L.采用肺动脉导管测定血流动力学参数和心功能.结果 48 h后与常规组比较,目标组平均血糖下降[(6.05±1.5)mmol/L比(8.2±1.9)mmol/L,P<0.05]、胰岛素用量增加[(10.3±3.7)U/h比(7.5±3.0)U/h,P<0.05)3;氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、每搏量指数(SVI)、心排血指数(CI)和氧输送指数(DO2I)分别增加了20.2%、23.3%、15.1%和11.7%(P均<0.05).两组间平均动脉压(MAP)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统I(APACHE I)评分和血乳酸比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).与常规组比较,目标组严重低血糖发生率有所增加(38.5%比28.6%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 强化胰岛索治疗进一步血糖控制可改善脓毒性休克患者的血流动力学状态,增强心功能,减轻心肌抑制.     

结直肠癌150例外科手术风险度评价

目的用POSSUM、P-POSSUM、Cr-POSSUM及ACPGBl评分系统分别预测结直肠癌手术风险的效果探讨分析。方法选取150例结直肠癌患者,术前以POSSUM、P-POSSUM、Cr-POSSUM及ACPGBI评分系统分别对结直肠癌患者并发症发生率、死亡率进行前瞻性预测,并与术后实际并发症、死亡率进行对照。结果POSSUM评分系统预测并发症的发生率(76例、50.67%)及死亡率(42例、28.00%)分别显著高于实际并发症率(38例、25.33%,P<0.01)及死亡率(7例、4.67%,P<0.01)。但老年患者的并发症预测发生率与实际发生率差异统计学无意义,P-POSSUM、Cr-POSSUM及ACPGBI评分系统预测死亡率(分别为9例、6.00%,10例、6.67%及11例、7.33%)与实际死亡率(7例、4.67%)差异无统计学意义。结论P-POSSUM、Cr-POSSUM及ACPGBI评分系统均能较准确地预测结直肠癌患者手术死亡率,而POSSUM评分系统可能高估了直肠癌患者的术后并发症发生率及手术死亡率。     

脓毒症患者降钙素原及动脉乳酸与碱剩余变化的临床意义

目的了解脓毒症患者降钙素原(PCT)、动脉乳酸、碱剩余(BE)变化特点及其对脓毒症患者严重程度及预后的影响。方法收集70例脓毒症患者临床资料,测定入院和入院24小时、48小时动脉乳酸、BE等指标,并计算24小时、48小时乳酸清除率;根据患者入院24小时内最差临床指标计算急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分;根据疾病严重程度分为轻度脓毒症组(n=40)与严重脓毒症组(n=30),根据28天转归分为死亡组(n=14)与存活组(n=56);采用logistic回归分析影响脓毒症患者预后的危险因素,绘制ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积,比较其对判断脓毒症患者预后的价值;采用Pearson相关分析PCT与动脉乳酸、BE及APACHEⅡ评分相关性。结果随脓毒症患者严重程度增加,PCT、APACHEⅡ评分、入院动脉乳酸水平升高,BE水平降低(P<0.05),PCT 0.49(1.63)μg/Lvs 2.90(5.45)μg/L、APACHEⅡ评分13.00(6.00)vs 20.50(8.25)、入院乳酸2.55(1.38)mmol/L vs 5.55(1.48)mmol/L、BE-6.80(4.43)mmol/L vs-8.55(6.20)mmol/L(均P<0.05);死亡组入院24小时、入院48小时乳酸清除率明显低于存活组,24小时乳酸清除率13.39(16.97)%vs 34.78(30.00)%、48小时乳酸清除率7.71(39.38)%vs 62.96(24.73)%,BE明显低于存活组(均P<0.05);死亡组PCT、APACHEⅡ评分与入院乳酸明显高于存活组(P<0.05),PCT 9.00(11.40)μg/L vs 0.49(1.62)μg/L、APACHEⅡ评分21.50(3.25)vs 14.00(7.75)、入院乳酸6.75(4.55)mmol/L vs 2.27(1.30)mmol/L,BE-9.25(4.55)mmol/L vs-6.80(4.45)mmol/L(均P<0.05);脓毒症患者PCT与入院乳酸及APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,与入院BE水平呈负相关;经logistic回归分析,24小时乳酸清除率、PCT、APACHEⅡ评分为影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素;24小时乳酸清除率结合PCT的ROC曲线下面积为0.960,敏感度、特异度较大。结论早期动脉乳酸,PCT与BE可作为判断脓毒症患者病情严重程度的指标。24小时乳酸清除率、PCT、APACHEⅡ评分对判断脓毒症患者预后有重要意义。     

Time-pattern of lactate and lactate to pyruvate ratio in the first 24 hours of intensive care emergency admissions

Blood lactate elevation in critically ill patients commonly is taken as a sign of impaired tissue perfusion. Simultaneous elevation of lactate to pyruvate ratio (L/P ratio) may be helpful in discriminating between different mechanisms of hyperlactatemia and thus in determining the relevance of the finding. We studied prospectively the prevalence and the time pattern of hyperlactatemia and simultaneous L/P ratio elevation in 98 consecutive emergency admission patients in a 23-bed surgical-medical University Hospital intensive care unit. Blood lactate, L/P ratio, and blood gases were measured at 2-h intervals during the initial 24 h of intensive care unit admission. Hyperlactatemia (blood lactate over 2 mmol/L) was found in 48 (49%) patients, and the median peak value of the non-survivors was higher than that of the survivors [5.3 (interquartile range 1.9-7.5) vs. 1.9 (1.3-2.9) mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.003]. Hyperlactatemia at admission (n = 31) was associated with a higher hospital mortality than hyperlactatemia developing later (n = 17) (29.0% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.003). Sustained admission hyperlactatemia (>6 h) was associated with higher mortality than short-lasting hyperlactatemia (36.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.008). Simultaneously elevated L/P ratio (L/P ratio > 18; n = 16) was associated with higher mortality than hyperlactatemia with normal L/P ratio (n = 32; 37.5% vs. 12.5%, respectively, P = 0.03) and was found mainly in patients who had severe circulatory failure. The hyperlactatemia of patients with sepsis was not associated with L/P ratio elevation. We conclude that hyperlactatemia is common in emergency admission patients. Hyperlactatemia with L/P ratio elevation and lactic acidosis is likely to be associated with inadequate tissue perfusion. Hyperlactatemia persisting more than 6 h and simultaneous elevation of L/P ratio are associated with increased mortality.     

Impact of metformin use on the prognostic value of lactate in sepsis

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine if metformin use affects the prevalence and prognostic value of hyperlactatemia to predict mortality in septic adult emergency department (ED) patients.

Methods

This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. Emergency department providers identified study subjects; data were collected from the medical record.

Patients

Adult ED patients with suspected infection and 2 or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria were included. The outcome was 28-day mortality. The primary risk variable was serum lactate (<2.0, 2.0-3.9, ≥4.0 mmol/L) categorized by metformin use; covariates: demographics, Predisposition, Infection, Response, Organ Dysfunction score and metformin use contraindications.

Setting

The study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital; February 1, 2007 to October 31, 2008.

Results

A total of 1947 ED patients were enrolled; 192 (10%) were taking metformin; 305 (16%) died within 28 days. Metformin users had higher median lactate levels than nonusers (2.2 mmol/L [interquartile range, 1.6-3.2] vs 1.9 mmol/L [interquartile range, 1.3-2.8]) and a higher, although nonsignificant, prevalence of hyperlactatemia (lactate ≥4.0 mmol/L) (17% vs 13%) (P = .17). In multivariate analysis (reference group nonmetformin users, lactate <2.0 mmol/L), hyperlactatemia was associated with an increased adjusted 28-day mortality risk among nonmetformin users (odds ratio [OR], 3.18; P < .01) but not among metformin users (OR, 0.54; P = .33). In addition, nonmetformin users had a higher adjusted mortality risk than metformin users (OR, 2.49; P < .01). These differences remained significant when only diabetic patients were analyzed.

Conclusions

In this study of adult ED patients with suspected sepsis, metformin users had slightly higher median lactate levels and prevalence of hyperlactatemia. However, hyperlactatemia did not predict an increased mortality risk in patients taking metformin.     

Admission hyperlactatemia: causes, incidence, and impact on outcome of patients admitted in a general medical intensive care unit

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes, incidence, and impact on outcome of admission hyperlactatemia in patients admitted to a general medical intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was done in an 8-bed general ICU of tertiary care hospital over 15 months. Data regarding patient demographics, probable cause of hyperlactatemia, presence of shock, need for organ support, and ICU outcome were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on admission lactate levels as follows: high lactate (>2 mmol/L) and normal lactate (<2 mmol/L). Patients were compared in terms of need for organ support and ICU mortality.

Results

Admission hyperlactatemia was present in 199 of 653 (30.47%) patients. Shock was the commonest cause, 53.3% patients, followed by respiratory and renal failure in 26 (13.1%) and 16 (8%) patients, respectively. Mean ± SD lactate levels in survivors and nonsurvivors were 1.64 ± 1.56 and 4.77 ± 4.72 mmol/L, respectively (P = .000). Receiver operating characteristic curve for lactate was 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.753-0.853). Sensitivity and specificity of lactate (>2 mmol/L) to predict ICU mortality was 74.8% and 77.8%, respectively. Odds ratio for dying in patients with hyperlactatemia was 10.39 (95% CI, 6.378-16.925) with a relative risk of 1.538 (95% CI, 1.374-1.721). On subgroup analysis, in patients without hypotension too, ICU mortality was significantly increased in patients with hyperlactatemia (1.3% vs 6.45%, P = .009).

Conclusions

Admission hyperlactatemia is common in a general ICU and is associated with increased mortality, irrespective of presence of hypotension. Shock was the commonest cause for hyperlactatemia, followed by respiratory and renal failures.     

Predictive value of the POSSUM, p-POSSUM, cr-POSSUM, APACHE II and ACPGBI scoring systems in colorectal cancer resection

This study investigated the ability of the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system to predict postoperative morbidity (complication rate) and compared the ability of POSSUM and four other scoring systems (Portsmouth POSSUM [p-POSSUM], colorectal POSSUM [cr-POSSUM], Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland [ACPGBI] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) to predict mortality within 30 days in 1695 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Student's t-test and the χ(2)-test were used to estimate the predictive ability of these scoring systems. The observed complication rate of 38.7% was not significantly different to the rate of 36.3% predicted by the POSSUM scoring system (observed : expected [O : E] ratio 1.07). The observed mortality rate was 3.0%. For predicting mortality, POSSUM had an O : E ratio of 0.37, compared with p-POSSUM O : E ratio 1.00, cr-POSSUM O : E ratio 0.91, APACHE II O : E ratio 0.31 and ACPGBI O : E ratio 1.41. It was concluded that the POSSUM scoring system had high value for predicting the risk of morbidity following colorectal cancer resection. For predicting postoperative mortality, p-POSSUM, cr-POSSUM and ACPGBI were superior to POSSUM and APACHE II, however ROC curve analysis showed that cr-POSSUM and ACPGI discriminated best between survivors and non-survivors, so were more accurate predictors of postoperative mortality than the other three scoring systems.     

Low sensitivity of the anion gap as a screen to detect hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients

The anion gap is commonly used as a screening test for the presence of lactic acidosis. Analysis of the distribution of anion gaps for 56 adult surgical ICU patients with peak blood lactate levels greater than or equal to 2.5 mmol/L showed the anion gap to be an insensitive screen for elevated lactate in a critically ill, hospitalized population. All patients (11/11) with a peak lactate greater than or equal to 10 mmol/L had an anion gap greater than or equal to 16 mmol/L; however, 50% (6/12) of patients with lactates between 5.0 and 9.9 mmol/L and 79% (26/33) of those with lactates between 2.5 and 4.9 mmol/L had anion gaps less than 16 mmol/L. Hyperlactatemia was associated with considerable mortality at all levels: 100% among patients with lactate levels greater than or equal to 10 mmol/L, 75% between 5.0 and 9.9 mmol/L, and 36.4% between 2.5 and 4.9 mmol/L. Acidosis (pH less than 7.30) did not significantly alter mortality by lactate level. The observation that, for 57% of patients in this study, an elevated lactate level was not accompanied by an elevated anion gap suggests that hyperlactatemia should be included in the differential diagnosis of nonanion gap acidosis.     

Normal-range blood lactate concentration in septic shock is prognostic and predictive

We hypothesized that lactate levels even within the normal range are prognostic and that low lactate levels predict a beneficial response to vasopressin infusion in septic shock. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Vasopressin in Septic Shock Trial (VASST) as a derivation cohort (n = 665), then validated using another single-center septic shock cohort, St Paul's Hospital (SPH) cohort (n = 469). Lactate levels were divided into quartiles. The primary outcome variable was 28-day mortality in both cohorts. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to compare the prognostic value of lactate concentrations versus Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. We then explored whether lactate concentrations might predict beneficial response to vasopressin compared with noradrenaline in VASST. Normal lactate range is less than 2.3 mmol/L. At enrollment, patients in the second quartile (1.4 < lactate < 2.3 mmol/L) had significantly increased mortality and organ dysfunction compared with patients who had lactate ≤ 1.4 mmol/L (quartile 1) (P < 0.0001). Quartile 2 outcomes were as severe as quartile 3 (2.3 ≤ lactate < 4.4 mmol/L) outcomes. Baseline lactate values (ar ea under the ROC curve = 0.63, 0.66; VASST, SPH) were as good as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (area under the ROC curve = 0.66, 0.73; VASST, SPH) as prognostic indicators of 28-day mortality. Lactate concentrations of 1.4 mmol/L or less predicted a beneficial response in those randomized to vasopressin compared with noradrenaline in VASST (P < 0.05). Lactate concentrations within the "normal" range can be a useful prognostic indicator in septic shock. Furthermore, patients whose lactate level is less than or equal to 1.4 mmol/L may benefit from vasopressin infusion.     

乳酸清除率预测胃癌D2/D3根治术术后并发症的研究

目的探讨不同时间乳酸清除率对胃癌D2/D3根治术术后并发症的预测价值。方法回顾性研究了江汉大学附属医院2008年1月至2013年2月152例胃癌D2/D3根治术后患者,根据有无并发症分为无并发症组和有并发症组。比较两组6 h乳酸清除率、正平衡量、体重增加值和24 h乳酸清除率、正平衡量、体重增加值(Δ体重);判断术后并发症的危险因素及预测价值。结果无并发症组6 h乳酸清除率[(15.1±9.8)%vs.(3.7±2.5)%,P=0.001]明显高于并发症组,Δ体重值[(4.2±1.2)kg vs.(5.1±1.1)kg,P=0.015]和正平衡量[(4 831.7±372.7)ml vs.(5 131.9±303.9)ml,P=0.008]明显低于并发症组,两组间具有统计学差异。无并发症组24 h乳酸清除率[(52.1±18.2)%vs.(4.9±3.0)%,P<0.001]明显高于并发症组,Δ体重值[(0.9±0.3)kg vs.(2.8±0.5)kg,P<0.001]和正平衡量[(964.5±208.3)ml vs.(2 793.1±438.0)ml,P<0.001]明显低于并发症组,两组间具有统计学差异。多元Logistic回归分析显示:24 h乳酸清除率、6 h乳酸清除率是术后并发症的危险因素。6 h乳酸清除率、24 h乳酸清除率、24 h正平衡量、24 hΔ体重值ROC曲线下面积分别是0.686、0.820、0.616、0.578。结论 24 h乳酸清除率可作为预测胃癌D2/D3根治术术后并发症的可靠指标。     

Comparison of acid-base models for prediction of hospital mortality after trauma

This study determines whether mortality after major trauma is predicted by the strong ion gap (SIG) and whether recent refinements in the calculation of SIG improve its predictive value. The design was an observational, retrospective review of trauma patients admitted on a single service at a level 1 facility. The setting was an urban level 1 trauma facility. An unselected cohort of patients sustaining blunt and/or penetrating injury requiring intensive care unit care was chosen. There were no interventions. Age, injury mechanism, survival, arterial blood gases, hemoglobin, albumin, electrolytes, lactate, standard base deficit, strong ion difference (SID), buffer base, and SIG were analyzed. Patients were grouped into survivors and nonsurvivors according to in-hospital survival truncated to 28 days. Multivariate logistic regression was used for further analysis of univariate predictors of mortality, and receiver-operator characteristic curves were generated for mortality. Both nonsurvivors (n = 26) and survivors (n = 52) were similar with respect to age (31.9 +/- 11.5 vs. 33.5 +/- 11.6 years) and injury mechanism (blunt 61% vs. 58%) Nonsurvivors were more likely to have multicavity injury (54% vs. 26%; P < 0.01) than survivors. Nonsurvivor and survivor pH (7.36 +/- 0.15 vs. 7.38 +/- 0.09), HCO3(-) (20.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 21.7 +/- 2.5 mEq/L; P = 0.11), albumin (3.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.5 gm/dL), lactate (2.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 2.3 +/- 1.3 mmol/L; P = 0.24), and phosphate (3.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.8 mEq/L; P = 0.26) were similar. Forty-two percent of nonsurvivors had normal lactate levels, whereas 33% of survivors had lactic acidosis. However, the apparent SID (41.0 +/- 4.2 vs. 36.7 +/- 5.5 mEq/L; P < 0.001), effective SID (32.7 +/- 4.2 vs. 35.4 +/- 4.9 mEq/L; P = 0.019), and SIG (8.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 1.3 +/- 3.6 mEq/L; P < 0.001) were all significantly different between nonsurvivors and survivors. Only one (2%) survivor had an SIG greater than 5 mEq/L, and only two (7%) nonsurvivors had an SIG less than 5 mEq/L. Admission pH, HCO3-, and lactate were poor predictors of hospital mortality after trauma. An elevated SIG presaged mortality after injury and should be assessed on admission.     

腹膜透析合并腹壁疝的危险因素及预后

目的分析腹膜透析（peritoneal dialysis,PD）合并腹壁疝人群的临床特点及影响其预后的相关危险因素。方法入选上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院肾脏科2006～2011年PD治疗的436例患者。收集基线情况、手术史、置管方式、实验室检查、透析剂量、透析充分性参数等。记录腹壁疝发生时间、部位、类型和治疗方案。根据有无腹壁疝分为A（对照组）、B（腹壁疝组）两组,比较两组的临床特点。应用Logistic回归分析PD患者合并疝的危险因素。结果 27例患者（6.2%）累计发生疝30例次,疝发生率0.054次/患者年,首次疝发生时间为开始PD治疗后（21.86±27.58）周。腹股沟疝22例（81.48%）（双侧4例、右侧12例、左侧6例）;切口疝2例（7.4%）;脐疝2例（7.4%）;多重疝1例（3.7%）。A（n=409）、B（n=27）,2组糖尿病（27.62%比22.22%）、多囊肾（1.5%比0）、腹腔镜置管比例（8.31%比18.51%）无显著差异（P〉0.05）。B组患者平均年龄（59.33±17.73岁比65.07±13.27岁）;男性比例（54.27%比85.16%）和既往盆腹腔手术率（19.32%比37.04%）均高于A组（P〈0.05）。B组平均体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）则明显低于A组（22.53±3.52比20.96±2.38P〈0.05）。2组基线时各项化验检查和初次透后评估结果,如血糖、尿素氮、白蛋白、血红蛋白、血钙、血磷、铁蛋白、甲状旁腺激素、胆固醇、Kt/V、血肌酐、透析剂量、自动腹膜透析（automated peritoneal dialysis,APD）使用率均无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但B组血肌酐（697.00±370.50μmol/L比545.50±338.75μmol/L,P〈0.05）和三酰甘油水平（1.56±1.24mmol/L比0.98±0.92mmol/L,P〈0.05）均明显低于A组。进一步采用Lo-gistic回归分析后发现血肌酐（OR=0.993,95%CI：0.987～0.99,P=0.040）和三酰甘油水平（OR=0.084,95%CI：0.008～0.893,P=0.041）与腹壁疝发生率呈明显负相关。B组患者接受补片修补术7例,复发2例;术后继续PD5例（APD2例）,转HD2例。非手术治疗20例,疝加重1例;继续维持PD17例,肾移植2例,转HD1例。结论腹股沟疝是PD最常见的腹壁疝类型。盆腹腔手术史、体型瘦小、老年男性、营养状况差是PD合并疝的危险因素。