脾切除对不明原因发热伴脾肿大病人的临床意义

目的探讨不明原因发热伴脾肿大时行脾切除术的临床意义及围手术期处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月~2005年12月收治的不明原因发热伴脾肿大病人43例的临床资料。本组病例均行脾切除术,并取肝组织及腹腔淋巴结活检,以明确病理诊断。结果本组43例中,最终明确诊断者40例,占93.0%。其中,以血液系统恶性疾病最多见,占60.6%。大部分病人术后均接受了正规化疗,病情缓解。术后并发症发生率为25.6%,以感染最为常见。脾切除术后1月内死亡2例。结论对于不能明确诊断的发热伴脾肿大的病人,脾切除术具有十分重要的临床意义,应尽早施行。     

胆胰部位结核6例分析

目的 探讨胆胰部位结核的临床和病理特征,提高对该病的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院经手术证实的6例胆胰部位结核误诊为恶性肿瘤病例的临床资料.病人均为中青年,临床表现为黄疸、发热及腹痛.术前影像学检查提示局限性胆管狭窄伴近端肝内外胆管扩张;胆胰周围淋巴结结核病人还表现为胆胰周围实质性占位;胰腺结核病人可见胰头占位伴胰周淋巴结肿大;胆管结核病人胆管周围及十二指肠圈软组织影增多.6例术前均误诊癌肿而行手术探查由病理确诊,术后均予抗结核治疗.结果 经随访所有病例胆胰周围肿块明显缩小,黄疸、发热等临床症状消失.结论 胆胰部位结核与胆胰恶性肿瘤具有相似的临床表现和影像学特征,在术前难以鉴别,常需术中或术后病理检查确诊.经手术或内镜进行有效的支撑和引流胆道,术后积极的抗结核治疗是治愈胆胰结核的关键.     

胆胰部位结核6例分析

目的 探讨胆胰部位结核的临床和病理特征,提高对该病的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院经手术证实的6例胆胰部位结核误诊为恶性肿瘤病例的临床资料.病人均为中青年,临床表现为黄疸、发热及腹痛.术前影像学检查提示局限性胆管狭窄伴近端肝内外胆管扩张;胆胰周围淋巴结结核病人还表现为胆胰周围实质性占位;胰腺结核病人可见胰头占位伴胰周淋巴结肿大;胆管结核病人胆管周围及十二指肠圈软组织影增多.6例术前均误诊癌肿而行手术探查由病理确诊,术后均予抗结核治疗.结果 经随访所有病例胆胰周围肿块明显缩小,黄疸、发热等临床症状消失.结论 胆胰部位结核与胆胰恶性肿瘤具有相似的临床表现和影像学特征,在术前难以鉴别,常需术中或术后病理检查确诊.经手术或内镜进行有效的支撑和引流胆道,术后积极的抗结核治疗是治愈胆胰结核的关键.     

胰腺结核临床分析13例

目的进一步深入对胰腺结核的认识,提高对临床胰腺结核诊断率及治愈率。方法回顾性分析我院截止2004年10月收治的胰腺结核13例。结果本组有结核病史2例,临床表现:发热6例、腹痛13例、腹部包块4例、黄疸3例、盗汗4例、体重减轻7例、脾大和脾亢1例等。根据临床表现及淋巴结活检诊断2例;剖腹探查12例,经病理学检查确定诊断11例,1例术后合并肺结核经抗结核治疗证实胰腺结核诊断。全部病例经抗结核治疗治愈,1例未手术患者结核控制2年后出现区域性门脉高压、食管下段静脉曲张。结论腹痛、发热、体重减轻及影像学证实胰腺局限性、节段性病变病例,应考虑胰腺结核的可能。抗结核治疗是治愈胰腺结核的主要手段,外科手术对胰腺结核特别是胰腺结核性脓肿治疗具有重要意义。     

甲状腺结核的诊治--附1例报告并国内87例临床分析

目的:探讨甲状腺结核的早期诊断和治疗.方法:报告1例误诊长达7月的甲状腺结核,回顾分析国内经针刺细胞学或术后病理确诊为甲状腺结核的87例患者的临床资料.结果:15例行针刺细胞学检查,余均经手术病理确诊.术前大多数误诊为甲状腺癌、甲状腺腺瘤,少数误诊为地方性甲状腺肿、结节性甲状腺肿、甲亢等.结论:甲状腺肿块伴发热及结核史者应考虑甲状腺结核的可能,细针穿刺活检是协助诊断简便有效的方法.病灶清除及抗结核抗药物局部灌洗、正规抗痨治疗预后好.     

脾结核42例诊治分析

脾结核为少见病 ,近年来随着结核病的回升 ,脾结核的文献报道也有增加 ,由于一般的临床医生对该病的认识不足 ,加之脾结核目前无很好的临床诊断方法 ,误诊率很高 ,本文收集近 12年来的国内文献 [1～ 10 ] ,共有脾结核 4 0例 ,加上作者经治的 2例共 4 2例 ,就脾结核的临床表现、诊断及治疗作临床分析。1　临床资料脾结核 4 2例 ,男 2 7例 ,女 15例 ,从幼儿到 80岁老年均有发病 ,以 2 0～ 50岁年龄段为多见 ,发热 36例 ,占 76 % ,以低热为主 ,高热 3例 ,均是有干酪坏死脓肿形成的病例 ,消瘦 2 5例 ,占 6 0 % ,乏力 2 6例 ,占6 2 % ,纳差 10例 …     

胰腺结核三例临床分析及文献复习

目的探讨总结胰腺结核的临床特点、诊断以及治疗方法,提高临床诊治水平。方法收集2015年～2018年我院经临床和病理证实的3例胰腺结核的临床资料,总结分析病史及诊治过程。结果 3例患者平均年龄31.3岁,均存在腹痛及消瘦,无明显发热、乏力、盗汗等症状。1例合并黄疸。腹部超声表现为胰腺低回声占位性病变;腹部CT表现为多房性、环形强化的囊实性占位,均伴有胰周淋巴结肿大;3例ESR均升高(45 mm/h);CA 19-9升高1例(278 U/ml);结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物试验(PPD)均呈阳性;结核特异性T细胞酶联免疫斑点检测(T—SPOT)均呈阳性。1例行左锁骨上淋巴结活检见干酪样坏死;1例行超声内镜穿刺活检未见异型细胞;2例行手术探查,病理组织学提示肉芽肿性病变。3例均接受6～12个月正规抗结核治疗,已获得痊愈。结论胰腺结核属临床罕见病,症状缺乏特异性,鉴别诊断困难。对于年轻、伴有腹膜后淋巴结肿大、不伴有肿瘤标志物升高的胰腺囊实性占位,需考虑胰腺结核的可能。穿刺活检可帮助鉴别诊断,必要时可行手术探查及引流;及时的正规抗结核治疗预后较好。     

脾结核的诊断与治疗

脾结核较为罕见,近几年其发病率有增高的趋势.本文回顾性分析2003年6月至2008年6月我科收治的24例脾结核患者的临床资料,总结脾结核临床诊断和治疗的方法. 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 本组脾结核患者24例,男18例,女6例;年龄21岁～67岁,平均年龄44岁.本组患者均有长期不明原因、不同程度的发热.盗汗12例,消瘦4例,纳差15例,乏力12例,左上腹疼痛14例,咳嗽4例,脾区叩击痛4例,左上腹压痛10例.13例患者有肺结核史.     

误诊为胰腺肿瘤行手术切除的胰腺结核6例临床分析

目的：探讨胰腺结核的诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾分析近3年误诊为胰腺癌的6例胰腺结核病例。结果：6例病人中有结核病史2例。临床表现为腹痛1例,腹胀5例,体重减轻1例,便血1例。6例均经剖腹探查．病理学证实;其中4例获病灶切除。全部病例均经术后抗结核治疗。6例中出现肠瘘1例,顽固性腹泻2例,区域性门静脉高压、食管下段静脉曲张各1例。结论：胰腺结核易被误诊为胰腺肿瘤而手术,故对影像学检查证实胰腺有局限性、囊性病变伴病灶周围及后腹膜淋巴结肿大,且肿瘤指标正常者,应考虑胰腺结核可能。切除胰腺结核可能发生的并发症较为严重,手术治疗应慎重考虑。     

肾上腺结核的诊断与治疗(附4例报道及文献复习)

目的 提高对肾上腺结核诊断与治疗的认识。方法 回顾本院4例肾上腺结核病例的诊断与治疗结合文献复习。4例病例均予生化、B超和CT检查及抗结核、长期激素替代治疗或手术处理。结果 抗结核、长期激素替代治疗或手术处理使肾上腺结核引起的Addison's病得到满意的疗效。结论 根据临床特征,结合生化和肾上腺影像学检查或手术切除病理检查确定肾上腺结核诊断。抗结核、长期激素替代或手术是治疗肾上腺结核的主要方法。     

Uncommon cause of pneumoperitoneum

Free intraperitoneal air is thought to be pathognomonic for perforation of a hollow viscus. Here, we present a patient with pain in the upper left quadrant, a mild fever and leukocytosis. Free air was suggested under the left diaphragm but during the explorative laparotomy no signs of gastric or diverticular perforation were seen. Further exploration and revision of the computed tomography revealed a perforated splenic abscess. Splenic abscesses are a rare clinical entity. Presenting symptoms are often non-specific and include upper abdominal pain, recurrent or persistent fever, nausea and vomiting, splenomegaly, leukocytosis and left lower chest abnormalities. Predisposing conditions can be very divergent and include depressed immunosuppressed state, metastatic or contiguous infection, splenic infarction and trauma. Splenic abscess should therefore be considered in a patient with fever, left upper abdominal pain and leukocytosis. Moreover, our case shows that splenic abscess can present in an exceptional way without clear underlying aetiology and should even be considered in the presence of free abdominal air.     

The early diagnosis of splenic abscess

Five cases of splenic abscess seen between 1970 and 1984 are reviewed. The predisposing factors included preceding pyogenic infection, sickle cell disease, and contiguous disease in the pancreas. Abdominal pain and fever were the most frequent presenting symptoms. The most common physical finding was left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal tenderness. All patients were treated with splenectomy. In one patient percutaneous drainage was attempted prior to splenectomy but failed. The mortality rate was 20 per cent. Radiologic procedures developed in the last ten years make possible the early diagnosis and treatment of splenic abscess. The treatment of choice remains antibiotics followed by splenectomy.     

Splenic abscess arising from acute cholecystitis

Splenic abscess is an uncommon surgical condition and is life-threatening if un-diagnosed earlier during the course of illness. Splenic abscess has been reported in association with hepatic abscess. This report describes a case of splenic abscess associated with cholecystitis. Since, the symptoms are generally non-specific, a high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose splenic abscess in patients having acute or chronic cholecystitis. When such patients have fever and left upper quadrant pain, splenic abscess should be considered.     

Perisplenitis as a cause of acute abdomen: a case report

Splenitis can complicate blood-borne sepsis in hemodialysis patients. Symptoms include left upper quadrant pain and tenderness in addition to generalized systemic manifestation of infection. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and there is no specific investigation to confirm it. Computed tomography scan of the spleen can help in identifying a splenic abscess, rupture, or infarction. A splenectomy is the treatment of choice in splenic abscess, in splenitis to avoid spontaneous rupture, and in recurrent perisplenitis.     

Hemosuccus pancreaticus (hemoductal pancreatitis): gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm into the pancreatic duct.

A patient with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding was found to have pancreatitis and a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery that communicated with the pancreatic duct. Similar pathology noted in ten other patients found in an extensive review of the literature suggest that this rare entity must be considered in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage of obscure origin. In this collected experience, the combination of recurrent left upper quadrant pain, a history of pancreatitis, and recurrent bouts of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin were usually present in those patients who were found to have a splenic artery aneurysm as the source of the blood loss. Distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic artery aneurysm is curative.     

Gastric perforation as a complication of splenectomy: report of five cases and review of the literature

A rare complication of splenectomy is gastric perforation and fistula. Patients with this complication often complain of pain in the left upper quadrant and left shoulder, and of fever, tachycardia and upper abdominal tenderness. Chest radiographs often show a pleural effusion in the left hemithorax. Patients usually exhibit increased drainage from the tube in the left upper quadrant or a collection of fluid in the left subphrenic space. The diagnosis can be confirmed by radiography after ingestion of meglumine diatrizoate (Gastrografin). Treatment by nasogastric suction and adequate drainage of the left subphrenic space allows some of these fistulas to close. In some cases operative closure is necessary. With appropriate treatment, 75% of these patients can be expected to recover.     

Splenic abscess--a changing trend in treatment

Fifteen patients with splenic abscesses were evaluated between 1985 and 1995. The most common predisposing factors were remote infection, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Common clinical presentations included leucocytosis, fever, left upper quadrant abdominal pain and left pleural effusion. Four patients with splenic abscesses smaller than 4 cm in diameter were treated with antibiotics alone, and 1 in this treatment group died. Among the 10 patients with splenic abscesses larger than 4 cm in diameter receiving percutaneous drainage, 9 (90%) were successfully cured, including 8 with unilocular abscesses and 1 with multilocular abscesses. Two patients underwent splenectomy. In conclusion, percutaneous drainage using ultrasound or computed tomography guidance may be recommended as the treatment of choice for splenic abscess larger than 4 cm in diameter. Antibiotics alone may sometimes be considered for splenic abscesses smaller than 4 cm in diameter. Splenectomy is reserved for those cases where medical treatment has failed.     

Laparoscopic management of the wandering spleen

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical condition associated with a high incidence of splenic torsion and infarction. The preferred treatment for this condition is splenopexy to reposition the spleen in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and to preserve splenic function. We present two cases of wandering spleen managed by laparoscopic splenopexy. Both young women presented with intermittent abdominal pain. A CT scan was diagnostic of wandering spleen in each case. Both patients were successfully treated with the laparoscopic splenopexy. The spleen was inserted in a Vicryl mesh bag and fixed in the left upper quadrant in both cases. Both patients had resolution of their preoperative symptoms. Laparoscopic splenopexy has many advantages over open splenopexy or splenectomy, including preserving splenic function, minimal postoperative pain, early discharge from the hospital, and rapid recovery.     

Spontaneous rupture of splenic hematoma in a malaria patient: Case report and review of literature

IntroductionBlunt abdominal trauma is the most common cause of splenic rupture. Malaria is the most frequent tropical infectious cause of spontaneous splenic rupture. The exact mechanism is not well-defined.Case reportWe report a case of thirty-year-old male patient known to have malaria who presented with spontaneous splenic rupture. A trial of conservative treatment failed and splenecomy was done to control bleeding.ConclusionSpontaneous splenic rupture should be kept in mind in malaria patients presenting with left upper quadrant pain and signs of hypovolemia. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential.     

Delayed and occult splenic rupture: a diagnostic puzzle

Splenic rupture is a common complaint encountered in emergency surgery. Trauma is the most common cause of splenic rupture, while non-traumatic or occult splenic rupture (OSR) is a rare condition. The differential diagnosis weighs on treatment that ranges between close monitoring, splenorrhaphy, splenic conservation and splenectomy. We report a case of an 63-year-old man presenting with acute atraumatic left upper quadrant pain. Preliminary diagnosis was subsequently determined to be a hematoma secondary to OSR. More accurate detailed history revealed a previous trauma, which occurred more than one year before and mimicked an OSR. Delayed and occult splenic rupture are as different diagnosis as different treatment. Even in emergency surgery, the key for a target therapeutic strategy should consider an accurate diagnostic time.