Restenosis following subclavian artery angioplasty for treatment of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: Definitive treatment with Palmaz-stent placement

We report a case of progressive angina pectoris 4 years post coronary bypass surgery, in which the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was grafted to the native left anterior descending coronary artery. The coronary-subclavian steal phenomenon was proven angiographically with retrograde reflux through the LIMA graft into the distal subclavian vessel, downstream from a critical stenosis at the origin of the subclavian artery. After initially successful angioplasty of the ostial subclavian lesion, restenosis and return of angina prompted repeat dilatation and placement of a Palmaz 154-M stent. Follow-up catheterization has demonstrated persistent patency at the stented site and absence of coronary steal. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Myocardial "hybrid" revascularisation with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting combined with coronary angioplasty: preliminary results of a multicentre study

OBJECTIVE—To expand the benefits of the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) concept to patients with multivessel disease, a hybrid procedure combining surgical revascularisation of the left anterior descending artery with interventional procedures for additional coronary lesions has recently been introduced. Preliminary results in patients undergoing this hybrid procedure are presented.DESIGN AND PATIENTS—Since December 1996, 35 patients (29 male, 6 female, mean (SD) age 56.7 (17) years) underwent a hybrid revascularisation performed as a primary MIDCAB procedure for grafting of the left anterior descending artery with the left internal mammary artery, followed by staged angioplasty and stenting of additional coronary lesions.RESULTS—After MIDCAB grafting the postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Coronary reangiography after a median of seven days revealed patent and functioning left internal mammary artery grafts in all patients. Applying subsequent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and occasional stenting (n = 14), a total of 47 lesions were treated successfully. Procedure related complications did not occur. All patients remained free from angina and no stress ECG changes were recorded.CONCLUSIONS—The preliminary results of this hybrid approach to myocardial revascularisation suggest that this is a safe and effective procedure for complete revascularisation in selected patients with multivessel disease. Elderly and reoperative patients with significant comorbidity may benefit especially from such hybrid procedures by avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and mid sternotomy.     

Intracoronary stent implantation: New approach using a monorail system and new large-lumen 7 f catheters from the brachial route

In this brief report we describe a case of successful multivessel PTCA with intracoronary stent implantation using a new large-lumen 7F catheter from the left brachial approach. The application of this technique should be considered for intravascular stent implantation when anticoagulation ideally should not be interrupted or in anatomical situations limiting femoral vascular access.     

老年人脉搏波速度与颈动脉内膜厚度的相关性

目的 分析老年人臂踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)的相关性.方法 选择年龄60～89岁、平均(71±6)岁人员为研究对象,共纳入450例,其中男性234例,女性216例.所有受检对象均签署知情同意书,进行baPWV、IMT、身高、体质量、腰围、血压、心率等一般指标的检测.分析baPwV与颈动脉...     

Survival comparison between superficialization of the brachial artery and tunneled central venous catheter placement in hemodialysis patients with heart failure: A retrospective study

It remains unclear which vascular access provides better survival in hemodialysis patients with heart failure, superficialization of the brachial artery (SBA), or tunneled central venous catheter (TCVC). We retrospectively followed up 60 hemodialysis patients with heart failure who underwent SBA (n = 36) or TCVC placement (n = 24). During the median 2.2‐year follow‐up period, 36 patients died. The median survival time was significantly longer for the SBA group than for the TCVC group (5.7 vs 1.7 years; P < .05, log‐rank test). A multivariate‐adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that SBA was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14‐0.65). In the cohort of propensity score‐matched 15 pairs, patients with SBA experienced fewer all‐cause deaths (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.10‐0.77). Our study suggests that SBA is an alternative option in hemodialysis patients with heart failure.     

Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting in elderly patients： the advantage of being an interventional cardiologist

Objective Carotid angioplasty and stenting （CAS） has been suggested to be the procedure of choice in patients with high risk cardiovascular profile. Unfortunately, such patients are often aged with several comorbidities, such as a high prevalence of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and hostile anatomy that complicate the CAS performance. We sought to evaluate the results of CAS in elderly patients, outlining the encountered challenges and the eventual proposed global cardiovascular management. Methods We retrospectively searched the database for patients 〉 65-year-old who were referred to Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, over a 24-month period （December 2007-November 2009） for CAS. Coronary angiography and peripheral screening were performed in all patients. All eventual challenges and related solutions were analyzed. Results Totally, 160 patients were enrolled. Among which, 50 patients （31.2%, mean age 80 ~ 6.4 years） underwent CAS over a 24- month period： 24 patients （48%） had concurrent coronary artery disease （three-vessel in 7 patients, bivessel in 8 patients, single vessel in 5 patients and left main in 4 patients）; 13 patients （26%） and peripheral artery disease at the site of arterial access; 15 patients and type III aortic arch （30%）, 7 patients severe tortuosity of the common carotid artery （14%）, and 8 angulated takeoffof carotid or internal artery （16%）. Concurrent percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 14 patients, including 3 patients with left main disease. Concurrent peripheral intervention was performed in 7 patients （ all with bilateral common or external critical disease） due to the impossibility to gain another access. Successful carotid cannulation was achieved in all patients with hostile neck. Two-wire technique has been used in 17 patients, three-wire technique in 9 patients, and four-wire technique in 4 patients. Conclusion Elderly patients submitted to CAS represent a complex and challenging subgroup in which often cardiac and peripheral technical expertise is required to gain success of the procedure： interventional cardiologists are probably the preferred performers in such complex patients （JGeriatr Cardio12010; 7：3-6）.     

Diffuse vasospasm following stenting of a free gastroepiploic artery graft: Resolution with balloon angioplasty and intensive medical therapy

Vasospasm following balloon angioplasty of gastroepiploic artery bypass grafts can be prevented or reversed with vasodilators. In our patient, stent deployment for ostial stenosis of a free gastroepiploic artery graft was accompanied by severe, diffuse spasm and a change in graft configuration that required both intensive medical therapy and balloon angioplasty for resolution. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The incidence and consequences of mental disturbances in elderly patients post cardiac surgery--a comparison with younger patients

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist about the incidence and consequences of mental confusion following open heart surgery in different age groups. Likewise, little is known about preoperative predictors of mental confusion. METHODS: Two-hundred consecutive patients, aged > or =75 years (Group 1), and 400 procedure- and gender-matched younger patients (Group 2) who underwent coronary or valvular surgery were included in a prospective study. The relation between postoperative mental confusion, mortality, morbidity, and quality of life was studied. RESULTS: Mental confusion was present in 11.8% Group 2 and 22.6% Group 1 patients. The incidence was higher after valvular surgery. Preoperative risk factors in Group 1 patients were diabetes mellitus, a history of heart failure, weak carotid pulsations, and repeat surgery. Late mortality, after a median follow-up duration of 31 months, was significantly worse in patients who were confused, which was related to the underlying disease. Recovery of quality of life was clearly diminished in elderly patients with confusion in contrast to younger patients. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mental confusion has a high incidence in the elderly population and is associated with a diminished quality of life.     

老年冠心病患者踝臂指数与冠状动脉病变SYNTAX积分相关性研究

目的 探讨踝臂指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系,并评价其预测价值。方法 纳入2012年1月至2014年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管科及老年心血管科行冠状动脉造影,同时接受踝臂指数（ABI）和趾臂指数（TBI）检查的192例老年患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果及SYNTAX积分分为非冠心病组、冠心病低危组、中危组及高危组。分析非冠心病组与冠心病组、冠心病不同亚组间ABI、TBI水平的差异,利用Pearson相关性分析踝臂指数与SYNTAX积分的相关性,并利用ROC曲线分析ABI对预测冠心病的价值。结果 与非冠心病组比较,冠心病组ABI、TBI显著降低（ABI：1.032±0.189 vs 0.954±0.181;TBI：0.775±0.143 vs 0.740±0.176）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;冠心病组中低危组、中危组及高危组组间ABI、TBI呈降低趋势（ABI：1.004±0.170 vs 0.958±0.184 vs 0.875±0.167;TBI：0.768±0.108 vs 0.753±0.124 vs 0.679±0.179）,组间ABI、TBI比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。高危组ABI、TBI水平明显低于非冠心病组、低危组及中危组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;中危组与非冠心病组ABI水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Person相关分析显示,ABI与SYNTAX积分呈轻度负相关（rho=-0.443,P＜0.001）。结论 ABI值能较好反映冠脉病变严重程度,ABI数值越低,冠状动脉病变SYNTAX积分越高。     

Antegrade popliteal artery approach for the treatment of critical limb ischemia in patients with occluded superficial femoral arteries.

Treating patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) secondary to superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusions and jeopardized tibial-peroneal run-off is challenging, especially when the SFA cannot be recanalized. These patients are frequently poor candidates for surgical revascularization and thus amputation is the therapy most often recommended. In this article, we describe a new technique for treating these patients, which combines antegrade popliteal arterial access with tibial arterial revascularization using drug eluting stents (DES). Five patients scheduled for below-knee amputations were successfully treated using this endovascular approach. For the duration of follow-up (29 +/- 8 months), all patients remained free of death, amputation, or target lesion revascularization. ABI's post intervention demonstrated a modest improvement (ABI = 0.32 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.58 +/- 0.09 pre vs. post, P 相似文献   

老年与非老年多器官功能障碍综合征的临床比较

目的分析老年多器官功能障碍综合征(MODSE)的临床特点。方法回顾性地分析200例多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者,分为老年组94例,对照组106例,从发生MODS诱因、首发功能障碍器官、各器官功能障碍发生率、死亡率进行比较。结果两组除原发损伤器官外,发生MODS诱因、首发功能障碍器官、各器官功能障碍或衰竭的发生率、死亡率不同。结论 MODSE同一般的MODS各有其特点,MODSE预后更加不良。     

Choosing a revascularization strategy in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a complex decision

Diabetes mellitus is associated with well-known increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In diabetics with stable coronary artery disease, the best therapeutic option is widely discussed. Current studies comparing surgical to percutaneous revascularization have been unable to definitely demonstrate any significant advantage of one strategy over the other regarding the prevention of cardiac death or acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, even taking into account clinical and angiographic information as well as the risks determined by each type of treatment, the decision regarding the best therapeutic strategy in diabetics with stable coronary artery disease is still complex.     

老年冠心病患者代谢指标与肱动脉舒张功能关系探讨

目的探讨老年冠心病患者代谢指标与肱动脉舒张功能间的相关性. 方法检测老年冠心病患者、老年健康者、非老年健康者的代谢指标并采用高分辨彩色超声技术检测肱动脉舒张功能反应性充血后血管舒张(FMD)、含服硝酸甘油后的血管舒张(NID)并进行分析. 结果 (1)老年冠心病组的甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血尿酸(SUA)的水平显著高于老年和非老年健康组(均为P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于老年和非老年健康组(均为P＜0.05),上述指标在两健康组间无差异;(2)老年冠心病组的FMD(4.44±1.17)%显著低于老年健康组和非老年健康组[分别为(6.90±1.47)%和(10.51±1.78)%,P＜0.01],非老年健康组的FMD显著高于老年健康组(P＜0.01);(3)年龄、TG、SUA、与FMD呈负相关(分别r＝-0.70,-0.29和-0.46,均P＜0.05),HDL-C与FMD呈正相关(r＝0.28,P＜0.05);(4)体质量指数(BMI)、LDL-C、SUA与TG呈正相关(r＝0.27,0.27和0.34,均P＜0.05). 结论老年冠心病患者存在血脂、SUA等代谢紊乱和血管内皮功能障碍,其中依赖性血管舒张功能障碍随增龄而加重,并与TG、HDL-C、SUA及老年冠心病间有显著相关性,SUA水平可能是内皮功能受损的标志或间接危险因素之一.     

Predicting operative risk for coronary artery surgery in the United Kingdom: a comparison of various risk prediction algorithms

Objective—To compare the ability of four risk models to predict operative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in the United Kingdom.
Design—Prospective study.
Setting—Two cardiothoracic centres in the United Kingdom.
Subjects—1774 patients having CABG.
Main outcome measures—Risk factors were recorded for all patients, along with in-hospital mortality. Predicted mortality was derived from the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk program, Ontario Province risk score (PACCN), Parsonnet score, and the UK Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons risk algorithm.
Results—There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the British and American populations from which the STS risk algorithm was derived with respect to most variables. The observed mortality in the British population was 3.7% (65 of 1774). The mean pre- dicted mortality by STS score, PACCN, Parsonnet score, and UK algorithms were 1.1%, 1.6%, 4.6%, and 4.7% respectively. The overall predictive ability of the models as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.64, 0.60, 0.73, and 0.75, respectively.
Conclusions—There are differences between the British and American populations for CABG and the North American algorithms are not useful for predicting mortality in the United Kingdom. The UK Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons algorithm is the best of the models tested but still only has limited predictive ability. Great care must be exercised when using methods of this type for comparisons of units and surgeons.

Keywords: cardiac surgery;  risk stratification;  audit     

Transradial cardiac catheterization in patients with coronary bypass grafts: feasibility analysis and comparison with transfemoral approach.

The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility and safety of transradial catheterization in patients with remote surgical cardiac revascularization. Selective catheterization of coronary bypass grafts might be more difficult and time-consuming from the radial artery as compared to the femoral route. This special patient subset has been either excluded or underrepresented in previous studies. Retrospective review was made of 304 cardiac diagnostic procedures performed from January 2001 through December 2004 in patients with coronary artery bypass grafts in a single center. Patients had to be considered eligible for both transradial and transfemoral approach to be included. Cases with double internal mammary or gastroepiploic grafts were excluded. Selection of the arterial access was individualized according to operator preferences. Among diagnostic cases, transradial access was attempted as first choice in 151 cases (left radial in 133) and transfemoral in 154. Total procedural time (41 +/- 22 vs. 40 +/- 23 min), fluoroscopy time (15 +/- 10 vs. 18 +/- 13 min), and dye volume (180 +/- 64 vs. 192 +/- 73 ml) were similar. Crossover rates were 4.0% in the transradial group and 1.3% in transfemoral (P = 0.28). Only two patients in transradial group needed transfemoral access because of failure to catheterize a bypass graft. Transradial angiography of coronary bypass grafts can be performed with similar success rates as compared with transfemoral procedures and without a significant time delay.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy: Long-term clinical and angiographic results

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 469 consecutive patients with unstable angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy. The primary success rate was 88%, but, since the introduction of the steerable wire system, the success rate has increased to 90%. Mortality was 1%. There were no statistically significant differences in success rates per vessel. Actuarial total 5 year survival was 94%. After 5 years, actuarially, 79% of the patients were free of events (recurrence of angina, residual myocardial infarction, re-PTCA, coronary artery bypass surgery or death). Aortocoronary bypass surgery was performed in 9% of the 469 patients. The angiographic recurrence rate was 28%, but, of the patients who were symptom-free and who had a follow-up angiogram, only 3% had an angiographic recurrence, whereas 98% of the patients who did not have a repeat angiogram were symptom-free. It is concluded that, in a selected group of patients with the clinical syndrome of unstable angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy, the long-term clinical results are good and survival is excellent.     

老年患者股动脉和颈动脉及冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的比较

目的　探讨股动脉、颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性。方法　收集我院老年尸体解剖病例 15例 ,将所有病例的两侧股动脉、两侧颈动脉、左冠状动脉前降支进行连续取材 ,常规病理检查 ,部分节段行α 平滑肌肌动蛋白、CD6 8、bax染色。结果　股动脉粥样硬化斑块中的平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞数量与颈动脉相近。与冠状动脉比较 ,股动脉粥样硬化斑块中的平滑肌细胞相对多 ,巨噬细胞相对少 ;bax在巨噬细胞的表达多 ,在平滑肌细胞的表达少。结论　平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞数量的不同导致了 3种动脉粥样硬化斑块不同的稳定性。股动脉中的粥样硬化斑块较冠状动脉更稳定。     

Feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a novel ePTFE-covered self-expanding stent in saphenous vein graft lesions: the Symbiot II trial.

Compared with percutaneous interventions in native coronary arteries, revascularization of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions is associated with increased rates of immediate and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The Symbiot II trial was a multicenter prospective study designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel self-expanding polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered stent in the treatment of de novo and restenotic SVG lesions. The primary endpoint was MACE through 30 days postprocedure. Successful Symbiot stent deployment was achieved in 75 of 77 patients (97.4%) with SVG lesions < or = 35 mm in length (visual assessment). The procedural success rate (defined as < 30% residual stenosis at the target site and no clinical complications) was 83%, and all study device procedures provided grade 3 TIMI flow postprocedure. Within the first 30 days postprocedure, four patients (5.2%) experienced MACE (defined as death, Q-wave or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization), of whom three patients (3.9%) experienced periprocedural non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. No subacute stent thrombosis was observed over the 6-month follow-up period. No relevant luminal loss at the target site (mean, 0.3 +/- 0.9 mm) was observed in the 58 patients (77.3% of enrolled patients) who underwent quantitative coronary angiography at 6 months. The incidences of binary in-stent restenosis, in-segment restenosis, and target vessel failure (defined as acute and late-term MACE through 6 months postprocedure) were low (7.0%, 8.6%, and 14.3%, respectively). The Symbiot self-expanding ePTFE membrane-covered stent was associated with a high procedural success rate (97.4%), low incidences of MACE at 30 days (5.2%) and 6 months (14.3%), suggesting that it is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG disease.