翼点入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

鞍结节脑膜瘤多指起源于鞍结节的脑膜瘤,也包括起源于前床突、视交叉沟及鞍隔等部位的脑膜瘤,约占颅内脑膜瘤的5％～10％［1］。因肿瘤位于颅底中线部,位置深在,与视神经、视交叉、下丘脑、颈内动脉及海绵窦等重要结构毗邻,完全切除肿瘤及神经功能保护难度大［2］。2010年1月～2014年6月,我院采用翼点入路和显微神经外科技术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤46例,疗效满意,现报告如下。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路选择及显微手术切除

目的 报道鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗的入路选择及显微手术的临床效果。方法回顾分析鞍结节脑膜瘤29例的临床资料，29例鞍结节脑膜瘤分别经额下、翼点或额下翼点联合入路，采用显微手术方法切除肿瘤。结果29例均采用显微手术治疗，全切除27例，大部分切除2例，无死亡。28例术后视力得到满意的恢复。结论选择正确的手术入路和采用显微手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤，可明显提高临床疗效。     

翼点入路治疗鞍区脑膜瘤

目的 探讨显微手术治疗鞍区脑膜瘤的方法。方法 回顾性分析了23例鞍区脑膜瘤的临床表现、诊断和显微外科治疗结果，采用经翼点入路显微外科治疗。结果 全切17例，大部切除6例。随访1个月～6年，平均19.1个月，22例恢复良好，随访期间3例复发。结论 选择合适的手术入路，应用显微外科技术，是鞍区脑膜瘤全切并取得良好效果的关键。     

翼点入路显微手术切除鞍区肿瘤

目的:通过翼点入路显微手术治疗蝶鞍区肿瘤。方法:全麻下按Yasrzl’s翼点入路咬除蝶骨嵴外侧,显微镜下显露前床突、嗅神经、视神经、视交叉、颈内动脉等,根据肿瘤情况进行切除。结果:11例病人,全切9例,近全切2例。病理示:垂体腺瘤8例,鞍结节脑膜瘤2例,颅咽管瘤1例。无1例复发。结论:翼点入路具有暴露清楚、术野清晰、鞍区4个解剖间隙可充分显露的优点,对鞍区重要结构暴露好,可直视下保护减少手术并发症,增加手术全切率。     

经眶上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤

目的 总结经眶上翼点入路显微手术切巨大鞍区肿瘤的经验。方法 经上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤18例,其中垂体腺瘤7例,颅咽管瘤8例,生殖细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、成熟性畸胎瘤各1例。结果 肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除6例。术后随访4－23个月,恢复良好12例,生活自理3例,生活需人照顾2例,死亡1例。结论 眶上翼点入路能很好地显露鞍区 肿瘤及其周围结构,显微手术是安全切除肿瘤、保护下丘脑功能的关键。     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的总结内镜辅助下经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术效果。方法13例鞍结节脑膜瘤采用眶上锁孔入路,先在显微镜直视下切除部分肿瘤,再在内镜辅助下切除残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除12例（SimpsonⅠ级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除10例）,次全切除1例（SimpsonⅢ级切除）。11例术后随访3个月～6年,平均2.3年,〈1年恢复正常工作和生活9例,术后2年肿瘤复发1例,1年后恢复生活自理1例。结论内镜辅助下眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤克服了显微镜直视下的盲区,并发症少,创伤小,效果满意。     

经翼点入路显微手术切除嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的 介绍一种切除嗅沟脑膜瘤的微创手术方法。方法 采用经翼点入路显微手术切除嗅沟脑膜瘤20例(标准翼点入路6例，翼点锁孔入路14例)，观察肿瘤切除程度和手术效果。结果 全组手术显露良好，肿瘤均全切除(simpson Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级切除)，无额叶脑挫裂伤，仅8例手术输血各400ml，无严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 经翼点入路显微手术是治疗大部分嗅沟脑膜瘤的一种微创方法。     

大型鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微切除

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗的入路选择及术中注意要点。方法 对15例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例均采用显微手术治疗，全切14例，大部切除1例，无死亡。结论 选择正确的手术入路显微手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤，疗效满意。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术治疗

鞍结节脑膜瘤是少见的良性肿瘤，全切除可获治愈，但周边毗邻解剖结构复杂，手术空间狭小，手术难度大。因此选择合适的手术入路将肿瘤全切除至关重要。     

经对侧入路显微切除偏一侧鞍结节脑膜瘤15例

目的:探讨经对侧入路切除偏一侧鞍结节脑膜瘤的解剖学基础、优点及术中注意事项。方法:2016年3月至2019年2月,共收治15例偏侧鞍结节脑膜瘤患者,回顾性分析其临床资料及手术效果。15例患者中7例选择对侧翼点入路、6例对侧眶上外侧入路、2例对侧眉弓入路,其中2例肿瘤部分突入视神经管。采用电话及门诊随访了解患者状态。结果...     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨和评价鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床和影像学特点,以及显微外科技术和手术效果.方法回顾性分析本院1985年至2002年手术治疗的鞍结节脑膜瘤41例,分析其临床和影像学表现的特点.根据CT和MR的表现,将其分为大、中、小3型,采用4种不同的手术入路,比较全切除率、手术结果和并发症发生情况.结果鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床特点是早期出现单侧和双侧视力下降,视野改变不典型.MRI特点为明亮均一的增强,肿瘤中心在鞍上,伴基底硬膜尾征,蝶鞍不扩大.肿瘤的全切除率与肿瘤大小有关,中、小型肿瘤全切除率较高.眶上匙孔入路、翼点入路和眶颧入路显露满意和手术效果好,明显优于单侧额下入路.结论鞍结节脑膜瘤早期出现视力下降,以中、小型肿瘤为主.大多数鞍结节脑膜瘤可以完全及安全地切除,小、中型肿瘤宜采用眶上匙孔入路,中、大型肿瘤宜采用翼点侧裂入路,大型肿瘤宜采用眶颧入路切除肿瘤.     

Outcome determinants of pterional surgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas

Summary Background. Current literature on tuberculum sellae meningiomas is very heterogenous due to wide variation in nomenclature, diagnostic and operative techniques. The aim of this study is specifically to analyze the results of pterional craniotomy for tuberculum sellae meningiomas. A homogenous cohort of 42 consecutively operated tuberculum sellae meningioma cases are reviewed with special emphasis on the effects of pterional microsurgery on visual outcome. Methods. This is a retrospective clinical analysis. 42 consecutive patients operated upon during the period of 15 years in a single institution using standard imaging protocols and pterional microsurgery are presented and effect of various variables on visual outcome analysed. Findings. 81% of the patients presented with visual symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms was 12 months. Tumour volumes ranged from 7.5 to 210 mm³. A right sided pterional microsurgery was used in all patients. Complete resection rate was 81%. Vision improved in 58%, worsened in 14%. Non-visual morbidity was 7.1% and mortality was 2.4%. The follow up period of patients ranged from 3 to 192 months (median: 30 months). The mean was 37.5 months (SD = ±36.7 months) and a recurrence rate of 2.4% was observed. Conclusions. A standard pterional craniotomy using microsurgical technique provides the necessary exposure enabling total removal while keeping the complications to a minimum. Upon analysis of our findings we found that patient age of more than 60, duration of visual symptoms longer than 1 year, severe visual symptomatology, predominantly vertical growth, presence of significant peri-tumoural oedema, absence of an intact arachnoid plane and subtotal removal were correlated with a dismal visual outcome.     

侧脑室脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 研究侧脑室脑膜瘤临床特点及显微外科手术治疗的效果。方法 利用CT、MRI及脑血管造影明确肿瘤的诊断,16例脑室脑膜瘤的采用显微外科手术摘除。结果 本组病例肿瘤全部切除,无手术死亡。结论 CT、MRI是诊断侧 脑室脑膜瘤最可靠的方法,血管造影明确肿瘤的 供血情况,选择合理的手术入路应用显微外科手术可达到肿瘤的全切除。     

巨大脑膜瘤显微手术治疗

目的探讨巨大富血管脑膜瘤显微手术切除疗效与技巧. 方法回顾性分析我院1999年6月～2002年6月32例巨大富血管脑膜瘤的临床资料. 结果脑膜瘤切除按Simpson分级,1级15例,2级9例,3级6例,4级2例.死亡2例.并发症:术后继发颅内血肿4例,脑水肿及梗死6例(再次手术减压4例),缄默症1例,脑脊液漏3例,颅内感染1例.神经功能损害或症状较术前加重7例.30例随访6～48个月,平均24.6月, Simpson 1级切除无复发,Simpson 2级切除4例复发,Simpson 3、4级切除5例复发,再次手术切除肿瘤6例.7例放射治疗随访期内肿瘤均无明显增大.术后日常生活能力量表(activity of daily living, ADL)评估神经功能障碍,Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例,术前后ADL评分无显著性差异(P=0.696). 结论脑膜瘤手术治疗应力争全切除.充分的术前准备,良好的手术暴露,有效地控制术中出血,分块切除肿瘤,利用显微技术仔细分离瘤壁,是提高手术疗效的关键.     

Olfaction preservation after removal of large tuberculum sellae meningiomas via a superior interhemispheric approach. A quantitative and qualitative study

IntroductionWe present a prospective series of tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) resected via a superior interhemispheric (IH) approach in 10 patients who preoperatively and postoperatively underwent extensive olfaction testing using a standardised test battery.Patients and methodsThis prospective longitudinal study evaluated the olfactory function after TSM resection. The resection was performed via a superior interhemispheric (IH) approach. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the olfactory function were assessed with the Biolfa^® olfactory test (at 6 months).ResultsBetween November 2009 and April 2012, 10 consecutive patients with symptomatic TSM and preserved olfactory function were operated via a superior IH approach. For the self-evaluation criteria of the olfactory function, the mean preoperative visual analog scale score was 8.8. The mean preoperative total quantitative (/27) scored 18.2 ± 6.3 for this cohort of 10 patients. In the postoperative period, the mean total score decreased non-significantly to 15.8 ± 8.8 (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.085). The mean preoperative qualitative score (/8) was 5.5 ± 1.7 and in the postoperative period decreased, non-significantly, to 4.7 ± 2.6 (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.12). The olfactory function was quantitatively and qualitatively preserved in 6 patients (60%), but a postoperative deterioration occurred in 2 (20%) and an anosmia in 2 (20%). Size and invasive characteristics of the meningioma determined the post-surgical deterioration.ConclusionOlfaction is an important factor of emotional and social life, which needs to be integrated into the challenge regarding the resection of TSM. The risks of nerve damage are reviewed.     

Extended endoscopic transphenoidal approach for tuberculum sellae meningiomas

Purpose  

Removal of tuberculum sella (TS) meningiomas is traditionally performed through transcranial approaches. Wide use of the endoscope in transphenoidal pituitary surgery is recently accessible through the tuberculum sellae with an endoscope-assisted or purely endoscopic technique. Extended endoscopic approach is an important and alternative route for meningiomas, which are located on the midline originating from the tuberculum sella. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is an important problem in extended endoscopic approaches. In this report, we discuss surgical limitations and nuances of endoscopic transphenoidal approach from a retrospective analysis of nine patients with TS meningiomas.     

Endonasal transsphenoidal removal of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: technical note

OBJECTIVE: Tuberculum sellae meningiomas traditionally have been removed through a transcranial approach. More recently, the sublabial transsphenoidal approach has been used to remove such tumors. Here, we describe use of the direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach for removal of suprasellar meningiomas. METHODS: Three women, aged 32, 34, and 55 years, each sought treatment for visual loss and headaches. In each patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a suprasellar mass causing optic chiasmal and optic nerve compression (average size, 2 x 2 cm). All three patients underwent tumor removal via an endonasal approach with the operating microscope. Suprasellar exposure was facilitated by removal of the posterior planum sphenoidale. Ultrasound was used to help define tumor location before dural opening. The extent of tumor removal was verified with angled endoscopes in all patients, and with intraoperative MRI in one patient. The surgical dural and bony defects were repaired in all patients with abdominal fat, titanium mesh, and 2 to 3 days of cerebrospinal fluid lumbar drainage. Nasal packing was not used. RESULTS: There were no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks or meningitis. One patient required a reoperation 2 weeks after surgery to reduce the size of her fat graft, which was causing optic nerve compression; within 24 hours, her vision rapidly improved. At 3 months after surgery, all three patients had normal vision, no new endocrinopathy, and no residual tumor on MRI. At 10 months after surgery, one patient had a small asymptomatic tumor regrowth seen on MRI. CONCLUSION: The endonasal approach with the operating microscope appears to be an effective minimally invasive method for removing relatively small midline tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Intraoperative ultrasound, the micro-Doppler probe, and angled endoscopes are useful adjuncts for safely and completely removing such tumors. Longer follow-up is needed to monitor for tumor recurrence in these patients.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤及其显微外科手术治疗

目的：复习１３例鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术结果。方法：用显微外科手术治疗１３例上述病例，术前经ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ及脑血管造影以确定肿瘤的大小、形态、血供及其与周围结构的关系。结果：１３例中肿瘤全切除１０例，次全切除３例，无手术死亡。结论：根据肿瘤的大小，选用单侧额下或双侧额底入路。对较大的肿瘤宜先分块或囊内切除部分肿瘤之后，再分离瘤之被膜及其周围结构的粘连。     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术

目的 分析应用显微手术提高内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤全切除率的经验。方法 回顾性分析２１例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗的资料。结果 手术全切除１４例，次全切除５例，大部分切除２例死亡１例，轻瘫２例，失语１例。结论大多数内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤与脑血管之间有一层蛛网膜界面相隔。在第一次手术中，应力争采用显微手术方法全切除肿瘤。