眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后二期悬吊人工晶状体植入术分析

目的 探讨复杂眼外伤晶状体玻璃体术后二期悬吊人工晶状体植入睫状沟固定术的方法及疗效.方法 对36只眼复杂眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后3～6个月者行二期人工晶状体植入术.术后随访3～ 24个月.结果 36只眼均顺利植入人工晶状体.所有患眼均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力.并发症主要有玻璃体积血、高眼压、人工晶状体偏斜、残留硅油颗粒粘附人工晶状体、固定缝线暴露、侵蚀等.结论 晶状体和玻璃体切除术后无晶状体囊膜眼二期悬吊人工晶状体植入睫状沟固定术安全可靠,是无晶状体眼屈光不正较好矫正方法.     

小切口折叠人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术

目的探讨小切口折叠人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术的临床疗效。方法因晶状体后囊破裂、悬韧带断裂、晶状体完全脱位及玻璃体切除术中切除晶状体而不能正常植入后房型人工晶状体者12例（12眼）。通过3．2mm的角膜切口,将折叠人工晶状体缝合固定于睫状沟。结果术后裸眼视力均提高。术后3个月检查,平均新增散光为（0．50±0．25）D,人工晶状体无倾斜或偏位,术中术后没有出现出血、视网膜脱离、脉络膜脱离等严重并发症。结论小切口折叠人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术手术效果可靠,术中术后并发症较少。     

晶状体玻璃体切割术后透明角膜切口的二期人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨晶状体玻璃体切割术后经颞侧透明角膜隧道切口的二期折叠式人工晶状体植入术的手术方法和疗效.方法 通过颞侧透明角膜隧道切口对晶状体玻璃体切割术后6～12个月的29例（29眼）二期植入折叠式人工晶状体,用聚丙烯缝线将人工晶状体襻固定于睫状沟中.术后随访6～18个月,观察术后视力、人工晶状体位置及术中术后并发症.结果 术后3个月裸眼视力＞0.5者16眼,0.3～0.5者12眼,0.2～0.3者1眼.术后视力与术前最佳校正视力相比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.手术并发症主要为眼内出血（1眼）、人工晶状体倾斜（2眼）.结论 经颞侧透明角膜隧道切口及睫状沟缝合固定襻的折叠式人工晶状体植入术,手术效果可靠,并发症少,是晶状体玻璃体切割术后无晶状体眼屈光矫正的理想手术方式.     

人工晶状体悬吊术30例疗效观察

目的观察后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定的手术效果。方法对30例（30只眼）不能常规植入后房型人工晶状体的患者分别行一期或二期人工晶状体悬吊术,为外路法巩膜瓣下线缝固定人工晶状体在睫状沟内,术后观察3~12个月。结果本组病例手术术中顺利,术后矫正视力≥0.5者21例,占70%,无严重并发症发生。随访期间人工晶状体位置固定。术眼视力稳定。结论后囊膜破损或无后囊膜支撑／不能常规植入后房型人工晶状体时,经巩膜睫状沟后房型人工晶状体悬吊术是无晶状体眼矫正屈光不正的一种安全有效的手术方法。手术效果取决于患眼条件及并发症程度。     

玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼行不同术式人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的观察比较不同术式人工晶状体植入术治疗玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼的临床疗效。方法回顾2007年1月至2011年12月我院收治的玻璃体切除术后144例(146只眼)无晶状体眼患者的病例资料,分析比较不同术式植入人工晶状体后的临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果据病情行不同术式的人工晶状体植入,其中对有残留周边晶状体囊膜者行人工晶状体睫状沟内植入42只眼;对无囊膜残留者行经巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体植入术41只眼;前房型人工晶状体植入63只眼,术后均随访3个月以上:①138只眼裸眼视力提高2行以上占94.5%,术后裸眼视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力共有103只眼(70.5%),其中睫状沟植入组31只眼(73.8%),前房型人工晶状体植入组52只眼(82.5%),巩膜缝线固定组26只眼(63.4%);②常见并发症:术中出血9只眼(前房型人工晶状体组2只眼占3.2%,巩膜缝线固定组7只眼占17.1%,);术后出血11只眼(前房型人工晶状体组2只眼占3.2%,巩膜缝线固定组9只眼占22.0%,);术后早期并发症:眼压≤8 mm Hg共25只眼(睫状沟植入组3只眼占7.1%,前房型人工晶状体组10只眼占15.9%,巩膜缝线固定组12只眼占29.3%,);眼压≤5mm Hg共7只眼(前房型人工晶状体组4只眼占6.3%,巩膜缝线固定组3只眼占7.3%,);术后发生浅前房4只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入组(占6.3%);角膜水肿5只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入(7.9%);前房炎症反应4只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入(6.3%)。远期并发症:黄斑囊样水肿6只眼(前房型人工晶状体组3只眼4.8%,巩膜缝线固定组3只眼占7.3%)。结论玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼采用不同方式人工晶状体植入术后效果肯定,其中睫状沟植入人工晶状体术后并发症少,前房型人工晶状体和人工晶状体睫状沟植入术后视力矫正优于巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体植入,但对无囊膜支撑和不适于前房型人工晶状体植入的无晶状体眼,经巩膜缝线固定术也是有效的术式。     

小切口折叠型IOL睫状沟悬吊术疗效观察和技巧探讨

目的:观察经角膜缘小切口行折叠型人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术的临床疗效并探讨手术技巧。方法:因晶状体后囊破裂或悬韧带断裂不能常规植入后房型人工晶状体的病例共18例19眼,11眼行传统巩膜大切口一片式人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术,8眼行角膜缘小切口折叠式人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术。术后观察视力、眼压、IOL位置及并发症等。结果:术后裸眼视力较术前提高者,大切口组10眼(91%),小切口组8眼(100%);术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高者,大切口组4眼(36%),小切口组6眼(75%);术后最佳矫正视力≥0.5者,大切口组1眼,小切口组5眼,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.041)。所有术眼术后人工晶状体无明显偏位、倾斜。结论:小切口折叠型人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术的治疗效果确切,值得广泛应用于无法行常规后房型人工晶状体植入的病例中。     

前玻璃体切除联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术

目的:探索表面麻醉前房灌注下透明角膜切口前玻璃体切除术联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对我院2004-03/2006-12各种原因所致需要悬吊人工晶状体患眼51眼,在表面麻醉下通过2.8mm透明角膜切口,在前房灌注下用前玻璃体切除器处理瞳孔区机化膜及玻璃体后,巩膜外入路睫状沟四点固定Rayner Superflex推注式丙烯酸人工晶状体。结果:51例患者均在表面麻醉下顺利完成手术,有7眼术中加用一次表面麻醉药,无1例改变麻醉方法。手术时间15.12～40.80(平均20.83)min。术后视力提高5行以上者25眼(49.02%);3行以上者42眼(82.35%);1行以上者49眼(96.08%);2眼提高不明显,但诉较前清楚。对眼底检查无明显影响。结论:表面麻醉前房灌注下透明角膜切口前玻璃体切除术联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术治疗无晶状体眼安全、快捷、疗效确切,是治疗各种原因所致无囊膜支撑需悬吊人工晶状体的最佳手术方案之一。     

眼外伤患者晶状体玻璃体切除术后Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨眼外伤患者晶状体玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入的手术技巧.方法 眼外伤患者晶状体玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼42例（42眼）,采用玻璃体腔灌注维持眼压.5例于保留的晶状体前囊前植入后房型人工晶状体,37例采用外路法人工晶状体睫状沟固定术,其中3例为带虹膜隔的人工晶状体.结果 术后随访3～40个月.术后最佳矫正视力≥0.3者28例（66.67%）,术后最佳矫正视力优于或等于术前最佳矫正视力者31例（73.81%）.结论 晶状体玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼Ⅱ期植入人工晶状体时,需玻璃体腔灌注调整眼压,最好采用外路法预置睫状沟固定缝线,用四线或两线法悬吊人工晶状体.     

人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术的临床探讨

目的探讨人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定的手术技巧和临床疗效。方法对白内障囊外摘除术或超声乳化术中后囊膜破裂超过2个象限或晶状体悬韧带断裂范围>90°、白内障囊内摘除术后、外伤致晶状体全脱位或伴眼内异物行玻璃体切除术后无晶状体囊膜的患者43例(43只眼),采用人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定法植入后房型人工晶状体。结果随访4～24个月,平均随访15个月,复查时最佳矫正视力1.0,最低0.2,视力在0.5以上者22只眼(占51.1%)。36只眼术后无并发症。结论人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术是无晶状体囊膜及晶状体后囊膜破裂或晶状体悬韧带大范围断裂的首选手术方法。     

人工晶状体光学部囊膜后嵌顿术治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼

目的 评价人工晶状体(IOL)睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼的临床效果.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.对13例(13只眼)外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼行IOL睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿术患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,记录术前及术后的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度数和眼压.观察手术并发症和术后眼部情况,随访时间为6～42个月.结果 IOL睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿术中共13只眼囊膜后嵌顿成功;术后最佳矫正视力0.2～1.0,嵌顿成功患儿随访期间均未出现视轴区混浊,IOL位置稳定;主要并发症包括前房渗出物、虹膜后粘连、IOL表面沉积物,仅1例患儿出现IOL襻异位.结论 IOL睫状沟植入、囊膜后嵌顿治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼安全有效.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.