羟乙基葛根素对脑星形胶质细胞氧化性损伤的保护作用

目的研究羟乙基葛根素对大鼠脑星形胶质细胞氧化性损伤的保护作用。方法取第4代培养的星形胶质细胞，以比色法测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性，流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率，［³H］-谷氨酸摄取法测定细胞摄取功能，比色法测定细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果羟乙基葛根素可明显降低过氧化氢(H₂O₂)损伤所致的星形胶质细胞LDH的释放、降低细胞凋亡率、增加谷氨酸摄取率、使细胞内MDA含量减少而SOD活性增加。结论羟乙基葛根素可改善星形胶质细胞的神经营养功能、抑制星形胶质细胞凋亡，其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

白藜芦醇对星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨白藜芦醇( RES)对过氧化氢诱导星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法星形胶质细胞传代培养,随机分为阴性对照组(以正常培养液培养),模型对照组(100μmol·L-1的过氧化氢作用12 h),RES小剂量组(20μmol·L-1 RES孵育24 h后,加入过氧化氢作用12 h)和RES大剂量组(40μmol·L-1 RES孵育24 h后,加入过氧化氢作用12 h),采用MTT比色法测定细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Hochest33258染色观察凋亡细胞形态,比色法检测凋亡相关因子caspses-3及caspase-9的表达。结果 MTT结果显示5,10,20,40μmol·L-1 RES孵育24 h后细胞活性分别为(100.46±3.17)％,(101.33±3.14)％,(101.33±1.30)％,(99.67±2.62)％,与阴性对照组(98.33±2.13)％比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明RES对星形胶质细胞活性无影响。用20及40μmol·L-1 RES处理后,星形胶质细胞在过氧化氢作用12 h后引起损伤,其活性分别提高到(54.67±4.11)％和(70.33±2.61)％,与模型对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.59,7.13,P<0.01)。 RES可以抑制过氧化氢诱导的细胞活性的下降,流式细胞计数结果显示用20,40μmol·L-1RES处理后,星形胶质细胞凋亡率分别下降到(35.51±3.56)％和(14.12±3.19)％,与模型对照组(46.31±4.16)％比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.26,6.33 P<0.01)。 Hochest33258染色结果显示RES可以抑制过氧化氢诱导的细胞凋亡。此外,RES还可以减少过氧化氢所致星形胶质细胞内caspses-3及caspase-9的表达,并且伴随RES作用时间的延长其表达量呈下降趋势。结论 RES通过抑制caspses-3及caspase-9的表达有效抑制了过氧化氢对星形胶质细胞的损伤,从而为其用于治疗中枢神经疾病提供实验依据。     

盐酸法舒地尔对体外培养星形胶质细胞氧糖剥夺损伤的保护作用

目的研究盐酸法舒地尔(FH)对大鼠皮质星形胶质细胞氧糖剥夺损伤(OGD)的保护作用。方法传代培养的大鼠皮质星形胶质细胞与无糖Na2S2O42 mmol·L-1孵育4 h,制备OGD模型。FH 5和10μmol·L-1在OGD前2 h加入。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活;比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH);乙炔基脱氧尿苷(Ed U)掺入法检测星形胶质细胞DNA合成;Hoechst染色和丫啶橙(AO)/溴化乙啶(EB)荧光双染观察细胞凋亡;2,7-二氯氢化荧光素(DHCF-DA)荧光染色和硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)还原实验检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。结果与正常对照组比较,OGD模型组星形胶质细胞存活率为(24±6)%,下降了4倍(P<0.01);OGD模型组LDH释放量显著升高至(366±7)U·L-1(P<0.01)。加入FH 5和10μmol·L-1的预处理组,细胞存活率分别上升至(42±5)%和(43±5)%,LDH释放分别下降至290±18和(268±20)U·L-1(P<0.01),细胞Ed U阳性率由OGD模型组的(47±6)%,分别下降到(35±6)%和(29±5)%(P<0.01)。Hoechst染色及AO/EB双染实验结显示,FH能显著减少OGD损伤后细胞的凋亡及坏死,使晚期凋亡细胞比例减少(P<0.05);DCFH-DA荧光和NBT还原实验显示,FH降低OGD损伤后ROS水平,且FH10μmol·L-1的预处理组降低的幅度比5μmol·L-1的预处理组更明显,但两组差异无统计学意义。结论FH对传代培养的大鼠皮质星形胶质细胞OGD具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与降低细胞内ROS水平有关。     

丹红注射液对体外培养星形胶质细胞的影响

目的 观察丹红注射液对星形胶质细胞（astrocyte, As）增殖作用. 方法 不同浓度丹红注射液作用于体外培养的大鼠As, 噻唑蓝染色（MTT）比色法对丹红注射液进行细胞毒性分析, 流式细胞技术分析细胞增殖情况. 结果 MTT比色分析得出丹红注射液对细胞生长的半数抑制率（IC50）约为17.8%（丹红注射液与培养基的体积比）, 安全作用浓度<8%;流式细胞分析结果：药物组细胞DNA合成期细胞所占百分比（S%）和增殖指数（PI值）（S+G2/M）×100%较正常对照组显著增高（P<0.01）. 结论 适当浓度丹红注射液可促进星形胶质细胞增殖.     

苯丙胺对星形胶质细胞的影响及星形胶质细胞分泌液在苯丙胺致PC12细胞毒性中的保护作用

目的:探索苯丙胺(amphetamine,AMPH)对星形胶质细胞(astrocyte,AS)的影响以及星形胶质细胞分泌液astrocytic secretory fluid,ASF)在AMPH致PC 12细胞损伤中的作用。方法:观察不同浓度的AMPH对AS数量和形态变化的影响。在PC12细胞中加入AMPH,建立细胞毒性模型,随后加入ASF、神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)及其抗体,观察PC12细胞形态的变化以及存活率的差异。结果:(1)AMPH浓度达到9mM时,AS数量减少,而胞体肥大。(2)ASF和NGF均可起保护受损的PC12细胞,其中ASF效果显著优于NGF(P<0.0001)。加入抗体中和ASF中的NGF后,ASF仍然有较好的保护作用。结论:高剂量的AMPH对AS有损伤作用。ASF对AMPH损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用显著优于NGF。     

钩藤碱诱导Nrf2核转位对大鼠星形胶质细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及调控机制

目的观察钩藤碱对星形胶质细胞缺血再灌注损伤过程中胞质和胞核的NF-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)表达变化,分析其核转位情况与细胞氧化损伤水平的相关性。并观察磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)信号通路在钩藤碱诱导Nrf2核转位中的作用。方法大鼠原代星形胶质细胞分为对照组、模型组、钩藤碱组和PI3K抑制剂组。对照组用DMEM正常培养;钩藤碱组用3μg·mL-1钩藤碱预孵育6h;PI3K抑制剂组用3μg·mL-1钩藤碱和Wortm annin(PI3K抑制剂)共同预处理6h,更换无糖无血清培养基,放入缺氧培养箱1h后再复氧并更换原培养条件1h,诱导原代培养的大鼠星形胶质细胞损伤。分光光度法检测细胞MDA、GSH及培养液LDH水平,。流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS),用荧光强度(FI)来表示ROS水平。Western blot检测胞质和胞核内Nrf2表达水平。结果钩藤碱明显诱导Nrf2核转位,其诱导作用可被Wortm annin部分阻断。模型组ROS、MDA、LDH水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),钩藤碱组ROS、MDA、LDH水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.01),抑制剂组ROS、MDA、LDH水平显著高于钩藤碱组,低于模型组(P<0.01)。结论钩藤碱可诱导Nrf2核转位,减轻缺血再灌注引起的氧化损伤,PI3K信号通路是钩藤碱诱导Nrf2核转位的重要信号通路,抑制该通路可减弱钩藤碱对星形胶质细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。     

小续命汤含药血清对氧糖剥夺模型大鼠星形胶质细胞的保护作用研究

目的:探讨小续命汤含药血清对氧糖剥夺(OGD)模型大鼠星形胶质细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法:将体外培养的大鼠星形胶质细胞随机分为对照组、模型组和小续命汤含药血清低、中、高浓度组,其中对照组细胞不作任何处理,模型组和小续命汤含药血清低、中、高浓度组细胞经OGD 2.5 h后分别在0(即模型组不加药)、2.5%、5%、10%的小续命汤含药血清中复氧0、3、6、12 h,采用比色法检测细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量。取OGD后复氧12 h时的对照组、模型组和小续命汤含药血清高浓度组大鼠细胞,采用荧光探针法检测其活性氧(ROS)水平,采用免疫荧光双染法检测其锰超氧化物岐化酶(MnSOD)水平。结果:对照组细胞中LDH含量始终保持在较低水平;模型组细胞分别在OGD后复氧0~12 h时,其LDH含量从(110.99±17.06)U/L逐渐上升至(436.64±55.29)U/L,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与OGD后复氧相同时间点的模型组比较,小续命汤含药血清低、中、高浓度组细胞中LDH含量均不同程度地降低,并表现出时间和剂量依赖趋势,其中小续命汤含药血清各浓度组细胞在OGD后复氧6、12 h时其LDH含量均较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。OGD后复氧12 h时,模型组细胞中ROS水平显著高于对照组,MnSOD水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);小续命汤含药血清高浓度组细胞中ROS水平显著低于模型组,MnSOD水平显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:小续命汤含药血清可能通过上调MnSOD的水平,清除过量的ROS,从而减轻OGD导致的大鼠星形胶质细胞损伤,发挥其保护作用。     

大鼠脑星形胶质细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞的分离、培养以及鉴定方法.方法 取出生1～2 d的Wistar大鼠大脑皮质,用机械法和胰酶消化法分散细胞,制成细胞悬液,差速黏附处理后,将未贴附的细胞接种培养.待细胞铺满瓶底后,置摇床摇晃,舍弃含脱落细胞的培养液,细胞传代.GFAP免疫细胞化学染色鉴定.结果 成功分离培养了原代星形胶质细胞,传代培养的星形细胞形态典型,纯度可达95%以上.结论 成功建立了大鼠星形胶质细胞体外培养方法.     

P-糖蛋白对番荔枝酰胺衍生物FLZ在Caco-2细胞模型中跨膜转运的影响

目的考察转运蛋白P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)对番荔枝酰胺衍生物FLZ体外跨血脑屏障(Blood-brain barrier,BBB)转运的影响。方法采用体外培养的Caco-2细胞建立体外BBB模型,研究1,5,10μM FLZ跨膜转运特性。并探讨加入P-gp抑制剂5μM zosuquidar后FLZ跨膜转运的表观渗透系数和外排率的变化。结果 FLZ在Caco-2细胞模型上显示出了极性转运特性,Papp(B~A)>Papp(A~B),并呈现出良好的剂量依赖关系。同时FLZ在Caco-2细胞的跨膜转运中也呈现外排现象,1,5,10μM FLZ的外排率ER值分别为2.56,3.67和5.06。P-gp抑制剂zosuquidar可以显著降低FLZ外排,增加转运。10μM FLZ的外排率由5.06降低为1.94,下降了2.6倍。结论 FLZ具有P-gp的底物特性,P-gp参与了FLZ在BBB跨膜转运中的外排。     

清开灵有效组分对大鼠缺血脑组织星形胶质细胞活化的影响

目的：探讨清开灵有效组分对大鼠缺血脑组织星形胶质细胞活化的影响。方法：参照Longa法复制大鼠脑缺血模型，清开灵有效组分干预，免疫组化分析缺血脑组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、酸性钙结合蛋白(S-100β)表达的组间与时效特征。结果：脑缺血后GFAP、S-100β表达增强。用药可增强缺血：12hGFAP、S-100β的表达，促进星形胶质细胞的激活，对受损神经元发挥保护作用；至缺血24h，除珍珠母水解液组外，其余用药组促进GFAP、S-100β表达的作用减弱。结论：清开灵有效组分促进星形胶质细胞活化的作用具有明显时效性和相对特异性，黄芩苷、栀子苷的作用在于促进星形胶质细胞的反应性增生，而胆酸、珍珠母水解液则表现为对星形胶质细胞功能活化的促进作用。     

红景天苷对大鼠离体心脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的研究红景天的主要成分红景天苷对大鼠离体心脏缺血－再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组和红景天苷组2组,取各大鼠离体心脏,按Langendorff预灌注10min,夹闭30min,再灌注120min,期间实时测定血流动力学指标：左室舒张末期压（LVEDP）、左室发展压（LVDP）、左室收缩压最大变化速率（＋dP／dtmax）、左室舒张压最大下降速率（－dP／dtmin）。复灌末,心脏用1％三苯四氯化磷酸盐缓冲液（TTC）孵育15min,通过TTC染色法测定大鼠心肌梗死面积。实验结束后,测定丙二醛（MDA）含量及心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力。结果与对照组相比,红景天苷组的LvEDP下降,而LVDP、＋dP／dtmin、－dP／dtmin均上升。给药后,大鼠离体心脏的血流动力学指标有所好转。红景天苷组梗塞面积（14．7±5．5）％明显低于对照组（28．4±4．6）％（P＝0．00012）。生化指标测定结果表明红景天苷组可降低磷酸肌酶（CK）活性和MDA含量,提高SOD和NOS的活性。结论红景天苷对大鼠离体心脏缺血－再灌注损伤的保护作用,这可能是它能抑制氧化应激所致的。     

In vitro effect of vanadyl sulfate on cultured primary astrocytes: cell viability and oxidative stress markers.

Exposure to vanadium has been associated with deleterious effects on the central nervous system in animals and humans. Although vanadium-derived pro-oxidant species were reported to be involved in vanadium-mediated neurotoxicity, the ability of this metal to induce oxidative stress markers in glial cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by mouse primary astrocytes after treatment with vanadyl sulfate (VOSO₄) at concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 μM. The resazurin assay revealed that treatment with VOSO₄ for 24 and 48 h at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM, respectively, or higher substantially induced astrocytic cytotoxicity. Intracellular ROS increased after 6-h exposure to the lowest concentration tested (20 μM VOSO₄) and tended to intensify after 24- and 48-h treatments reaching significant values for 20 and 500 μM VOSO₄. In turn, NO production in the examined cells was elevated after exposure to all concentrations at the 6-, 24-, and 48-h incubation periods. Our study demonstrated the ability of VOSO₄ to induce H₂O₂ generation in cell-free DMEM/F12 medium. The H₂O₂ levels were in the micromolar range (up to 5 μM) and were detected mostly during the first few minutes after VOSO₄ addition, suggesting that the generated H₂O₂ could not induce toxic effects on the cells. Taken together, these results show VOSO₄ induced cytotoxicity in primary astrocyte cells, which may have resulted from vanadyl-stimulated intracellular ROS and NO generation in these cells.     

The novel squamosamide derivative (compound FLZ) attenuated 1-methyl, 4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced apoptosis and alternations of related signal transduction in SH-SY5Y cells

Compound FLZ (cFLZ) is a synthetic novel derivative of natural squamosamide. Previous pharmacological study found that cFLZ improved the abnormal behavior and the decrease of dopamine content in striatum in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) model mice. 1-Methyl 4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is the active metabolite of MPTP to cause Parkinsonism in experimental animals. The purpose of this paper was to further study the protective action of cFLZ against MPP+-induced apoptosis and alternations of related signaling transduction. The results indicated that cFLZ at concentrations of 0.1 microM and 1 microM prevented 100 microM MPP+-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, and inhibited the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and the activation of caspase 3 and NF-kappaB as well as alpha-synuclein gene and protein expressions. The results suggest that cFLZ possesses potent neuroprotective activity and may be a potential anti-Parkinson's disease drug worthy for further study.     

Protective effect of donepezil in a primary culture of rat cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Donepezil hydrochloride (donepezil: (+/-)-2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-indan-1-one monohydrochloride) is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Although acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used as a symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease, it is not clear whether or not they are effective against progressive degeneration of neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of donepezil and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, i.e., galantamine, rivastigmine, and tacrine. As a neurodegenerative model, we used rat cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium was measured as a marker of neuronal cell damage. First, the effects of donepezil (10 microM) on three different treatment schedules (from 12 h before to 24 h after oxygen-glucose deprivation (pre-12 h), from 1 h before to 24 h after oxygen-glucose deprivation (pre-1 h) and from 1 h after to 24 h after oxygen-glucose deprivation (post-1 h)) were compared. The pre-12-h treatment most effectively inhibited LDH release. The protective effect of donepezil was confirmed morphologically. Next, the effects of donepezil and the other three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were compared under the pre-12-h treatment condition. Donepezil (0.1, 1, and 10 microM) significantly decreased LDH release in a concentration-dependent manner. However, galantamine (1, 10, and 100 microM), tacrine (0.1, 1, and 10 microM), and rivastigmine (0.1, 1, and 10 microM) did not significantly decrease LDH release. The neuroprotective effect of donepezil was not antagonized by scopolamine or mecamylamine. These results demonstrate that donepezil has a protective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury to rat primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons. Besides, it is suggested that this effect of donepezil is independent of muscarinic cholinergic system and nicotinic cholinergic system. Thus, donepezil is expected to have a protective effect against progressive degeneration of brain neuronal cells in ischemic cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.     

新合成腺苷结构类似物B2对无血清培养PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

研究新合成腺苷结构类似物B2对无血清培养所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用,并对其机制进行初步探讨。采用放射性配基3H-MSX-2与腺苷A2A受体竞争结合法检测B2与大鼠纹状体腺苷A2A受体的亲和力;MTT法检测B2对无血清培养PC12细胞存活率的影响;用荧光探针DCFDA检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量变化。放射性配基受体竞争结合实验求得B2与大鼠脑纹状体A2A受体结合的Ki值为0.37μmol.L 1。B2(0.1、1、10和100μmol.L 1)可使去血清培养24 h的PC12细胞存活率由模型组的49.6%分别上升至63.3%、74.9%、86.3%、88.1%。合并使用0.1μmol.L 1 SCH 58261使B2(0.1～10μmol.L 1)的作用分别下降16.1%,24.0%和19.8%。去血清培养24 h使PC12细胞内ROS含量升高为对照组的3.5倍,B2(1～100μmol.L 1)可使胞内荧光强度分别降低为对照组的3.1倍、2.4倍和1.5倍。B2对无血清培养所致PC12细胞损伤有明显的保护作用,该作用与腺苷A2A受体相关,同时可显著降低去血清培养时细胞内活性氧自由基的过度生成,可能是其产...     

丁基苯酞抗大鼠大脑皮质神经元氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤及其机制

本研究探讨丁基苯酞抗大鼠大脑皮质神经元氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤及其机制。原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经元，建立氧糖剥夺/复氧模型(OGD/R)，采用MTT法、酶学检查、免疫组化、RT-PCR等观察丁基苯酞(各浓度组)的保护作用及其机制。在氧糖剥夺4 h/复氧8 h时丁基苯酞各浓度组可增加神经元的细胞活力和减少神经元LDH(乳酸脱氢酶)的释放，可显著降低神经元表达iNOS mRNA(诱生型一氧化氮合酶)和NF-κB(核因子κB) p65蛋白(增加)。不同剂量丁基苯酞(100、 10、 1和0.1 μmol·L^-1)在增加细胞活力、减少LDH释放及降低神经元表达iNOS mRNA等方面，高浓度的作用强于低浓度，且丁基苯酞100 μmol·L^-1组与吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate，PDTC) 100 μmol·L^-1组差异显著。在OGD 4 h/R 8 h时丁基苯酞可能抑制iNOSmRNA的表达及NF-κB的活化，从而有效保护氧糖剥夺/复氧中损伤的大脑皮质神经元。     

Protective role of silymarin against manganese‐induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat

Metal toxicity may occur after exposure from many sources. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in manganese‐induced toxicity and leads to various health disorders. Silymarin (SIL), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of manganese (Mn) on oxidative stress and DNA damage in the kidney of rats and its alleviation by SIL. Manganese was given orally in drinking water (20 mg MnCl₂/mL) with or without SIL administration (100 mg /kg intraperitoneally) for 30 days. Our data showed that SIL significantly prevented Mn induced nephrotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of kidney injury like plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine and urinary electrolyte levels and by histopathological analysis. Moreover, Mn‐induced profound elevation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered the levels of oxidative stress related biomarkers in kidney tissue. This is evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA fragmentation and urinary hydrogen peroxide, while, the activities of enzymatic antioxidant and glutathione level were decreased. Treatment with SIL reduced the alterations in the renal and urine markers, decreasing lipid peroxidation markers, increasing the antioxidant cascade and decreasing the Mn‐induced damage. All these changes were supported by histopathological observations. These findings suggested that the inhibition of Mn‐induced damage by SIL was due at least in part to its antioxidant activity and its capacity to modulate the oxidative damage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1147–1154, 2014.     

二硫卡钠对原代培养皮层神经元缺氧损伤的保护作用

取体外原代培养14 d左右的大鼠皮层神经元，换上无血清除氧培养基并置通95％ N₂+5% CO₂的缺氧罐中造成神经元缺氧. 以研究缺氧对皮层神经元的损伤及二硫卡钠(DTC)的保护作用. 用存活神经元数目及神经元线粒体活性来评价神经元活力. 乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量分别用紫外分光光度法和硫代巴比酸法测定，作为评价损伤的指标. 原代培养皮层神经元分别缺氧4, 5和6 h后，活细胞数显著减少，线粒体活性明显降低；LDH释放及MDA产生显著增加；而缺氧2 h 后，仅活细胞数无明显变化. 超氧阴离子清除剂超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)可逆转上述变化，抑制缺氧对神经元的损伤， 表明培养神经元缺氧损伤可能与自由基产生有关. 类似SOD作用，DTC可显著对抗缺氧对神经元的损伤，剂量依赖地抑制缺氧引起的LDH释放和MDA形成的增加. 结果表明：DTC对神经元缺氧损伤具保护作用，其作用可能与清除自由基有关.