中国社区肿瘤患者抑郁症状现况调查

目的:探讨社区肿瘤患者抑郁症状现况及相关因素。方法:在全国范围内(不包含港澳台)以分层抽样与按全国第7次人口普查比例配额抽样相结合的方法抽取30 505例居民。采用中文版患者健康问卷-9、广泛性焦虑障碍量表、自编调查问卷、简化版领悟社会支持量表等评估肿瘤患者抑郁症状、焦虑症状、行为方式、社会支持情况等。结果:自我报告临床诊断肿瘤患者共359例(1.2%)。其中,恶性肿瘤患者151例(42.1%),良性肿瘤患者208例(57.9%),肿瘤患者的抑郁症状检出率76.6%。过去1周内每天走路超过10 min少于3 d(OR=6.63)或4～6 d(OR=5.00)、整体睡眠质量很差(OR=4.80)或一般(OR=3.06)、领悟朋友支持程度低(OR=4.66)及伴有焦虑症状(OR=1.74)是肿瘤患者抑郁症状的危险因素。结论:肿瘤患者抑郁症状检出率较高,特别是睡眠质量差、运动量少、领悟社会支持低的患者。     

肢体残疾成年人人格特征的配对研究

本文采用艾森克人格问卷（ＥＰＱ），对１４０例肢体残疾成年人和１４０例非残疾人进行了人格特征的配对调查研究。结果表明：肢体残疾成年人在精神质Ｐ和掩饰倾向Ｌ两个维度上和非残疾人具有一致性，在情绪稳定性Ｎ得分明显高于非残疾人，在内外向Ｅ的得分明显低于非残疾人。提示肢体残疾成年人具有内倾、情绪不稳定的人格特征，其差异随着年龄的增大而减小。残疾人内倾这一人格特征具有相对的稳定性。非残疾人随着年龄的增大，有由外倾向中间型集中的趋势。在情绪稳定性方面，残疾人随着年龄的增大，情绪趋于稳定。     

城市流动人口抑郁症状现况调查

目的:了解流动人口抑郁现状及相关因素。方法:采用分层非随机抽样的方法,于2010年7月-9月调查北京市海淀区从事建筑、餐饮、公共场所服务(包含洗浴、美容美发)等行业流动人口1483人。使用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对抑郁症状进行评定,抑郁评分≥16分界定为有抑郁症状。采用自编问卷调查流动人口社会人口特征和劳动就业情况。结果:流动人口抑郁症状检出率16.5%,未婚者的抑郁发生率(20.7%)高于已婚者(9.0%)。多因素分析显示与流动人口抑郁相关的因素有性别[OR=2.31,95%CI(1.16-4.63)]、婚姻[OR=1.94,95%CI(0.93-4.06)]、职业[OR=3.03,95%CI(1.30-7.05)]、是否主动寻求健康知识[OR=2.45,95%CI(1.28-4.72)]、工作环境中是否存在有害健康因素[OR=2.52,95%CI(1.29-4.92)],男性、未婚者、服务类职业、非主动寻求健康知识者、工作环境中存在有毒有害因素者发生抑郁的危险性更高。结论:流动人口抑郁发生与多因素相关,本研究结果提示今后针对流动人口抑郁相关因素研究可以从社会支持、职业、工作条件、健康知识培训等角度进行更深入探讨。     

山东农村社区人群抑郁症状及相关因素的研究

目的：探讨山东部分农村社区人群抑郁症状的发生率及其影响因素。方法：对在山东省三个不同农村社区居住的336人应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和家庭环境量表（FES）进行调查。结果：336人中有54例（16％）存在不同程度的抑郁症状,其中轻度32例（9．5％）,中度16例（4．8％）,重度6例（1．8％）。女性抑郁症状的发生率高于男性,抑郁症状的主要影响因素有家庭的亲密度,成功性,独立性,娱乐性及应激事件,与家人关系,性格类型。结论：农村社区人群中存在一定的抑郁症状,女性更为突出：抑郁症状的发生与家庭环境及应激事件密切相关。     

男男性行为人群的抑郁症状及相关因素

抑郁症状以心境低落为主要特征,大多是由心理和社会因素引起的.持续严重的抑郁状态对人的心身健康造成严重伤害.本研究了解男男性行为者(Men who have sex with men,MSM)的抑郁状况及相关因素.     

安徽省农村老年人抑郁的现况调查

老年人抑郁症状严重危害老年人的心身健康,影响老年人的生活质量[1]。本研究探讨安徽农村老年人抑郁症状及相关因素。1对象与方法1.1对象2009年12月-2010年3月,在安徽省16个地市41个县,每个县随机选取2个乡镇,每个乡镇随机选取2~3个自然村,调查10~15户老年人家庭(入选条件为家庭内有至少1名60岁以上老人,且有子女健在),每个家庭调查1名60岁以上老人,共调查了992户家庭,其中有17户家庭老     

大学生完美主义对抑郁症状的预测研究

目的:在完美主义的双重过程模型的理论框架下,考察不同完美主义维度对抑郁的预测作用.方法:采用方便取样,选取湖南省某高校的在校大学生206名,每位参加者被要求先后参加两次测试,两次测试时间间隔4个月.第—次测试选用Frost多维完美主义量表(FMPS)、Hewitt多维完美主义量表(HMPS)、近乎完美主义量表(APS-R)、贝克抑郁问卷(BDI)、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)、自我效能感量表(GSES)、状态焦虑问卷(S-AI)和正性负性情绪量表(PANAS).第二次测试选用贝克抑郁问卷(BDI).结果:偏相关分析显示,适应不良完美主义与心理症状学指标显著正相关(Pr=0.36,0.46,0.58;P＜0.001),而适应性完美主义与积极心理指标显著正相关(Pr=0.22,0.32,0.33;P＜0.01).横断面研究显示,适应不良完美主义中的差异性、社会决定完美主义因子能显著正向预测抑郁症状(β=0.372,P＜0.001;β=0.264,P＜0.01);适应性完美主义各因子均不能显著预测抑郁症状(P＞0.05).纵向研究结果显示,完美主义各因子均不能显著地预测4个月后抑郁水平的变化(P＞0.05).结论:本研究支持了完美主义的双重过程模型.适应不良完美主义中的差异性、社会决定完美主义因子能显著的正向预测抑郁水平.     

城市老年人抑郁症状相关因素的回归树分析

目的:探讨不同相关因素组合与老年人抑郁症状的相关程度,并探索相关程度最高的相关因素组合。方法:本研究为横断面研究。选取1457名年龄≥60岁的城市老年人,采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)评估抑郁症状。采用广义线性回归了解抑郁症状的相关因素,用回归树分析探讨不同相关因素组合与抑郁症状的相关程度。结果:年龄、疾病数量、医疗保障形式和受教育程度被纳入广义线性回归模型(P<0.05)。回归树分析最终纳入年龄、受教育程度、医疗保障形式、人均月收入和疾病数量5个变量。其中,同时具有受教育程度文盲与小学、患有躯体疾病、年龄>75.5岁和自费医疗四个变量组合的老年人SDS得分均值最高[(50.4±7.3)分],同时初中及以上、年龄≤78.5岁和人均月收入>3150.0元三个变量组合的老年人SDS得分最低,两者得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:相关因素组合不同,与老年人抑郁症状的相关程度不同。其中,同时具备受教育程度低、患躯体疾病、年龄较大和自费医疗这种抑郁症状相关因素组合的老年人抑郁程度最高。     

北京市老年人抑郁症状的调查

目的:分析北京市老年人抑郁症状的现状和影响因素.方法:在2000年对一个流行病学队列研究人群的55岁以上初老年和老年人的样本2660例,采用自评量表CES-D评定抑郁症状的有无,并和人口学因素(年龄、性别、地区)、慢性病患病情况及日常生活自理能力进行对比分析.结果:不同年龄组抑郁症状的检出率无明显差别(P>0.05).分层分析显示,女性(17.4%)和农村老年人(20.9%)抑郁症状的检出率高于男性(9.6%,χ2=34.6,P<0.01)和城市居民(7.4%,χ2=102.5,P<0.01).抑郁症状与日常生活能力(ADL)(χ2=96,P<0.01)、慢性病患病情况(χ2=39,P<0.01)密切相关.结论:女性、居住于山区、低教育水平并患有慢性病及日常生活能力差的老年人更易出现抑郁情绪.     

山东省中学生抑郁症状的相关因素

目的:分析山东省中学生抑郁症状发生率及相关因素。方法:选取山东省12所中学学生2277人,采用流调中心抑郁量表(以16分为界)、自编中学生抑郁症状相关因素调查问卷进行调查。采用logistic回归分析探讨抑郁症状的危险因素,运用随机森林算法排序重要性并评价模型预测结果。结果:中学生抑郁症状发生率为25.91%。Logistic回归分析显示,留守经历、家庭类型不完整、与父母关系差、家庭经济状况差、家庭不和睦、学习成绩较差、认为课程较难、同学关系较差、知心朋友少、困扰时不能获得帮助的中学生越有可能有抑郁症状(OR=1.59、1.26、1.34、1.84、3.60、1.74、1.14、2.05、1.21、1.48)。随机森林结果显示前10位变量为与同学关系、知心朋友数量、困扰时获得帮助、母亲受教育程度、学习成绩、与父母关系、家庭和睦程度、与老师关系、家庭经济状况、课程难度。结论:山东省中学生抑郁症状发生率较高,抑郁症状的相关因素集中家庭、学校与社会三方面。     

肢体残疾职业成功者的个人经历特点

我国目前有残疾人8296万人,其中肢体残疾者2412万人,占29.07%,在各类残疾人中居第一位[1].本文对肢体残疾职业成功者的个人经历进行了初步研究,为国家有关部门制定和调整针对残疾人的相关政策提供依据.     

Depressive symptoms decline among persons on HIV protease inhibitors

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether initiation of protease inhibitors was associated with a change in depressive symptoms among persons infected with HIV. METHODS: Study subjects included men and women who were enrolled in the HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program and who had completed an annual participant survey before and after initiating triple combination therapy with a protease inhibitor. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). Statistical analyses to determine the change in CES-D total and subscale scores before and after protease inhibitor use were conducted using parametric and multivariate methods. RESULTS: Our analysis was restricted to 453 participants. Of these 234 (52%) were depressed at baseline (CES-D score > or = 16). Compared with nondepressed participants, depressed participants were slightly younger (p = .048), less likely to be employed (p < .001) and more likely to have an annual income less than $10,000 per annum (p < .001). After adjusting for CD4 count, employment status, income, age, and CES-D total or subscale score at baseline, we found a significant improvement in total scale score (p = .001) and depressive mood (p = .002), positive affects (p = .005), and somatic symptoms (p = .011) subscale scores at follow-up. There was no significant change in the interpersonal relations score over the study period. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that in addition to conferring impressive clinical benefits, protease inhibitor use is associated with a significant improvement in HIV-positive individuals' mental health.     

首发精神分裂症患者抑郁症状9年随访

目的:探讨首发精神分裂症病人接受抗精神病药物治疗后9年中抑郁症状的转归及与其他相关因素的关系。方法:本研究纳入符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版修订本(CCMD-2-R)精神分裂症诊断标准的164例首次发病住院患者,用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表中文版(SANS-CV)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及功能总体评定量表(GAF)对患者在入院时及治疗后9年中每年进行一次评定,并据此计算缓解时间。结果:共139例患者完成随访。从治疗后的第1年起,每年末HAMD总分≥8分的患者所占比例为3.6%～13.7%,治疗后1～9年的HAM D总分均低于入院水平(P0.001)。入组时HAM D总分与治疗后9年中的缓解时间、9次年末的去除焦虑抑郁因子BPRS总分、SANS-CV、CGI及GAF分均无统计学意义相关。结论:经抗精神病药治疗1年之后,首发精神分裂症患者急性期的抑郁症状迅速减轻,此后在较低水平上略有波动;急性期抑郁症状水平不能预测精神分裂症的长期预后。     

Prevalence of distressing symptoms in hospitalised patients on medical wards: A cross-sectional study

Background  

Many patients with advanced, serious, non-malignant disease belong to the population generally seen on medical wards. However, little research has been carried out on palliative care needs in this group. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of distressing symptoms in patients hospitalised in a Department of Internal Medicine, estimate how many of these patients might be regarded as palliative, and describe their main symptoms.     

Depressive symptoms in rape victims. A revisit

Ninety recent victims of sexual assault were assessed within 4 weeks of the assault for evidence of depressive symptomatology and major depressive disorder. The results suggested 43% of the subjects met Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder, with sleep disturbance and dysphoria being the most frequently endorsed symptoms. Older subjects and subjects who had been sexually victimized prior to the current assault were at significantly higher risk for developing major depressive disorder post-assault. Follow-up assessments revealed a diminution of depressive symptoms by 3 months after initial assessment and a continuing stabilization of mood at 6 and 12 months.     

Depressive symptoms in amnesic mild cognitive impairment: an FDG-PET/CT study

IntroductionThe detection in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of metabolic alterations suggestive of depression and/or of evolution to dementia.MethodsSixty-nine MCI patients underwent clinical and imaging evaluation including position emission tomography/computed tomography with fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG-PET/CT).ResultsThe metabolism mean values in parietal, temporal and pre-cuneus areas were lower in subjects who evolved to dementia, and in frontal and in anterior cingulate areas in depressed subjects. Abnormal metabolism values were higher in the frontal and parietal lobes, and in the precuneus in subjects who evolved to dementia independently from depression.ConclusionsIn MCI FDG-PET/CT abnormality patterns suggest the presence of depression or the evolution to dementia.     

Depressive symptoms in rape victims

Thirty-four recent rape victims were assessed for depressive symptomatology using a well-validated self-report instrument in combination with formal psychiatric evaluation. Fifteen subjects were found to be moderately or severely depressed when measured on the self-report questionnaire. A closer examination of these 15 subjects revealed that 8 were suffering from a major depressive disorder. The authors emphasize that all clinicians working with rape victims should be alert to the emergence of depression in this population.     

Depressive symptoms erode self-esteem in severe mental illness: a three-wave, cross-lagged study

Vulnerability, scar, and reciprocal-relations models of depressive symptoms and self-esteem were compared among people with severe mental illness (SMI; N=260) participating in a partnership-based intervention study. Assessments were conducted at baseline, midway through the intervention (after 4 months), and at termination (after 9 months). Cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analyses revealed that participants' baseline depressive symptoms predicted a decrease in self-esteem in the first 4 months but not in the subsequent 5 months of participation. Exploratory regression analyses indicated that improved social functioning buffered this deleterious effect of depressive symptoms. These findings, which are consistent with the scar model, highlight the fragile nature of the self and the importance of social functioning in recovery from SMI.     

Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in a random community sample of ethnically diverse, urban elder persons

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in ethnically diverse, urban elderly. METHODS: Analysis of depressive symptom and antidepressant use data from an epidemiological survey of dementia in an ethnically diverse, urban, elderly community. RESULTS: 21.5% (N=566) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. Severity was inversely associated with socioeconomic status. 7.5% (N=194) reported antidepressant medication use. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for severity and other covariates showed that men and African Americans had nearly half the odds of using antidepressants. Antidepressant use was more frequent among Hispanics, those with more severe depression and more medical illness. LIMITATIONS: Combined sample; CES-D not validated in Hispanics and inner-city African Americans; depressive symptoms assessed at one time-point; lack of complete income data; geographically restricted. CONCLUSIONS: In this elder sample, taking into account depressive symptom severity and other confounds, antidepressant use is nearly half as likely among men and African Americans.     

Depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons

The association of depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was evaluated in 135 HIV-infected persons. Thirty percent reported nonadherence to HAART. Depressive symptoms (assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and neurocognitive impairment (assessed with a neuropsychological test battery) were documented in 24% and 12%, respectively, of the study participants. Nonadherence to HAART was independently associated with worse depression rating scale scores (odds ratio=1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.10), acquisition of HIV through injection of drugs (odds ratio=2.59, 95% CI=1.05-6.39), and complaints about impairment of sexual activity (odds ratio=6.62, 95% CI=1.16-37.6). The presence of depressive symptoms, but not neurocognitive impairment, was associated with nonadherence.