膀胱平滑肌细胞与膀胱脱细胞基质的生物相容性研究

目的:研究膀胱平滑肌细胞与膀胱脱细胞基质(BAM)的生物相容性。方法:分离培养兔膀胱平滑肌细胞,采用α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)抗体进行鉴定。将以1×10 5个/mL的单细胞悬液均匀接种于制备BAM支架上,通过与单独培养的膀胱平滑肌细胞作对照,绘制两组细胞生长曲线图,对比观察两条生长曲线的差异性。 ...     

不同大小机械牵张力对成骨细胞OPG/RANKL表达的影响

目的：研究不同大小机械牵张力对成骨细胞OPG／RANKL表达的影响。方法：通过自制多通道细胞牵张应力加载系统对小鼠成骨样细胞MC3T3-E1同时施加0％、6％、12％和18％的机械牵张力，作用24h后，用RT-PCR方法检测细胞受力后OPGmRNA／RANKL mRNA表达的变化，用免疫印迹法（Western Blotting）检测其蛋白表达的变化。结果：细胞受力后，其OPG mRNA及蛋白表达随牵张力值的增大明显增加，而RANKL mRNA及蛋白表达随牵张力值的增大明显减少。结论：不同大小机械牵张力可以影响成骨细胞的OPG／RANKL表达，进而影响正畸骨改建。     

阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的鉴定分析进展

勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)是一种多因素引起的男科难治性疾病[1],严重影响患者的整体健康和生活质量[2].阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞(CSMC)是组成阴茎海绵体的主要功能成分,约占整个阴茎组织成分的40%～50%,是阴茎神经调控的主要效应器部位[3,4],因此也成为调节阴茎勃起及维持勃起的重要因素.从这意义上来讲,CSMC的研究显得尤为重要,而CSMC的培养和鉴定是这研究的基础,因此CSMC纯化鉴定在细胞水平上研究ED的机制颇受到关注,本文就体外培养的CMSC鉴定分析做一综述.     

张力负荷状态对膀胱逼尿肌细胞表型及生物力学特性的影响

目的 探讨周期性张力作用下的逼尿肌细胞表型转化与其生物力学特性改变的关系。方法 在特殊的培养皿上分离培养Wistar大鼠膀胱逼尿肌细胞,对其施加周期性牵拉后,分别采用免疫荧光、氚标胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入实验、流式细胞仪等测定逼尿肌细胞表型标志如SM-α-actin、细胞增殖状况等,评价逼尿肌细胞的表型转化状况;利用图像采集及分析系统、微管吸吮技术分别测定单个逼尿肌细胞收缩力及黏弹性,反映张力条件下其生物力学特性的改变。结果 未施加张力组与实验组之间差异显著;周期性牵拉导致逼尿肌细胞出现由“收缩型”向“合成型”的表型转化,总体上表现为actin表达降低且排列趋于紊乱、细胞增殖活跃;功能上出现单细胞收缩力减弱、黏弹性下降。结论 对培养逼尿肌细胞施加周期性张力负荷作用是在细胞水平模拟膀胱出口梗阻的有效方法;逼尿肌细胞表型转化正是其生物力学特性发生改变的结构基础。     

雷帕霉素纳米粒对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:观察雷帕霉素( RAPA)聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米微粒(RAPA-PLGA-NPs)对血管平滑肌细胞( VSMCs)增殖的抑制作用.方法:原代培养大鼠VSMCs,并采用α-肌动蛋白免疫组化染色进行鉴定;透射电镜观察VSMCs对RAPA-PLGA-NPs的摄取;分别用MTT法和Western blot法检测RAPA-PLGA-NPs对VSMCs增殖的抑制作用以及RAPA靶蛋白(mTOR)下游蛋白表达的影响,并同时以游离RAPA作为对照.结果:成功培养VSMCs并鉴定;透射电镜显示RAPA-PLGA-NPs可被VSMCs大量摄取于细胞质中;MTT结果显示,RAPA-PLGA-NPs(1,10,100 ng/mL)能浓度依赖性地抑制VSMCs增殖(均P＜0.05),且1 ng/mL的RAPA-PLGA-NPs与10 ng/mL游离RAPA的抑制作用相似(p＞0.05);Western blot结果显示,2个浓度(1,10 ng/mL)的RAPA-PLGA-NPs均能降低VSMCs中S6K1和4E-BP1磷酸化水平,且作用均较游离RAPA( 10 ng/mL)明显.结论:RAPA-PLGA-NPs穿透力强,能迅速被细胞摄取,生物学效应明显强于其游离药物.     

不同大小机械牵张力对MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞MMP-13/TIMP-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究不同大小的机械牵张力对成骨细胞MMP-13/TIMP-1mRNA表达的影响。方法:通过自制的多通道细胞牵张应力加载系统对小鼠成骨样细胞MC3T3-E1同时施加6%、12%和18%的机械牵张力,作用24h后,用RT-PCR方法检测细胞受力后MMP-13/TIMP-1mRNA表达的变化。结果:细胞受力后,其MMP-13/TIMP-1mRNA表达随牵张力值的增大明显增加。结论:不同大小的机械牵张力可以影响成骨细胞的MMP-13/TIMP-1mRNA表达,进而影响骨改建。     

轻度血尿酸升高对大鼠肾小球内皮细胞及血管平滑肌细胞功能的影响

目的 通过观察轻度血尿酸升高对大鼠肾小球内皮细胞功能损伤及血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响,探讨轻度血尿酸升高是否能导致肾脏损害及降尿酸治疗对肾脏的保护作用.方法 用雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,随机分为4组:对照组(n=15)、氧嗪酸组(n=15)、别嘌呤醇组(n=12)和氧嗪酸+别嘌呤醇组(n=12).予以低盐饮食,每隔10天监测各组大鼠的动脉血压.于试验后20 d及40 d用ELISA法分别测定各组大鼠内皮细胞功能受损的指标[一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)1、纤溶酶原激活物(PAI)1]、血管平滑肌细胞增殖的指标[血小板衍生因子(PDGF)、环氧化酶(COX)2、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)1的含量]以及炎性反应指标[白细胞介素(IL)18、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α];同时观察各组大鼠肾功能及肾脏组织病理变化;免疫组化法检测各组大鼠肾组织中PDGF、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的表达.结果 与对照组相比,氧嗪酸组大鼠血浆NO浓度显著降低(P＜0.05),ET-1、PAI-1、PDGF、MCP-1、COX2、TNF-α、IL-18浓度均显著升高(均P＜ 0.05).光镜下,各组大鼠肾组织均未见尿酸结晶形成,氧嗪酸组肾小血管管壁增厚,内膜增生,管腔狭窄;免疫组化结果显示,与对照组相比,氧嗪酸组NOS的表达显著减少(7.33％±2.11％比25.75％±2.33％,P＜0.05),PDGF的表达显著增多(31.18％±2.83％比8.09％±1.81％,P＜ 0.05).经别嘌呤醇降尿酸干预治疗后大鼠血清中内皮细胞损伤指标NO上调(P＜0.05),而ET-1及PAI-1均下调(均P＜0.05);而血管平滑肌增殖指标及炎性指标均下调(均P＜ 0.05).结论 轻度血尿酸升高可导致肾小球内皮细胞功能受损、血管平滑肌细胞增殖;降尿酸治疗能改善内皮细胞功能,减轻血管平滑肌细胞的增殖.     

犬膀胱平滑肌细胞的体外连续培养

目的通过体外培养不同代次的犬膀胱平滑肌细胞,比较其生物学特征,探讨多次传代后的平滑肌细胞作为种子细胞的可行性,为构建组织工程膀胱和尿道筛选种子细胞提供方法和依据。方法取体重10～12kg的12月龄雄性犬膀胱肌层,混合酶消化法获取平滑肌细胞,并于含10%小牛血清的培养基中培养,观察比较不同代次细胞的形态变化及生长、增殖过程,电镜下观察细胞超微结构,并通过免疫组织化学方法检测特征性蛋白的表达。结果体外培养的平滑肌细胞单层生长至亚融合状态后,倒置相差显微镜下细胞呈长梭形,并呈峰-谷样结构,可连续传至12代。生长曲线显示第7代以前的细胞具有相似的增殖特点,约每40小时为1次生长周期,透射电镜下可见平滑肌细胞特有的密体结构,平滑肌肌动蛋白免疫组织化学染色为阳性;第7代后细胞增殖逐渐迟滞,至第10代细胞内肌丝及密体结构消失。结论犬膀胱平滑肌细胞可在体外连续培养,通过适当的纯化方法可获得大量高纯度的平滑肌细胞。第7代以前的平滑肌细胞均可作为种子细胞,用于构建组织工程膀胱和尿道。     

膀胱平滑肌细胞在牵拉作用下变化及机制

目的:探索膀胱平滑肌细胞在外力牵拉作用下功能改变过程中关键基因和通路的作用。方法:运用生物信息学的方法,包括不同表达分析(DEA)、基因本体(GO)/京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)、激酶和转录因子富集分析、基因富集分析(GSEA)、蛋白互作网络(PPI)等,对编号为GSE1595的基因芯片进行分析筛选出相应的关键...     

Characterization of neuropathic bladder smooth muscle cells in culture

PURPOSE: Clinically bladder cells used in tissue engineering techniques will come from neuropathic bladders and not normal bladders. We determined if neuropathic bladder smooth muscle (SM) cells (SMCs) retain functional differences when cultured in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary cultures of SMCs were established from patients with a neuropathic bladder (5) and a normal bladder (5). Expression of alpha-SM actin and SM myosin heavy chain was determined using immunocytochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Baseline cell proliferation and the mitogenic response to angiotensin II was assessed by cell counting and cell viability assays. Cell contractility was determined for normal and neuropathic SMCs using an in vitro collagen lattice assay. Cell adherence was measured assessed using partial and complete trypsinization assays. RESULTS: Normal and neuropathic SMCs showed similar morphology in culture, and similar patterns of alpha-SM actin and SM myosin expression. Following 10 days of plating under optimal growth conditions the number of neuropathic SMCs was 170% more than normal SMCs. In response to angiotensin II neuropathic SMCs reached 54% of maximal growth capacity as opposed to 30% for normal SMCs (p <0.01). Neuropathic SMCs contracted significantly less in 10% serum and calcium ionophore (p <0.05), as determined by in vitro contractility assays. Neuropathic SMCs had 19% and 30% less adherent cells than normal SMCs (p <0.01) following isotonic solution washes and trypsinization, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that cultured neuropathic bladder SMCs possess and maintain different characteristics than normal SMCs in vitro. The potential clinical implications of using these cells in conjunction with tissue engineering techniques for the promotion of bladder regeneration requires further investigation.     

Microarray analysis of exstrophic human bladder smooth muscle

OBJECTIVE

To compare the genetic profiles of ‘healthy’ bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and exstrophic SMCs (ESMCs) to identify genes that are over‐ and under‐expressed in ESMCs, thus providing a molecular evaluation of the quality and therapeutic potential of ESMC tissue.

PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS

Classical bladder exstrophy is a rare disorder, occurring in 1 in 30 000 live births. Studies have shown that exstrophic bladders are developmentally immature at birth. After surgical closure, the bladder typically undergoes abnormal remodelling (such as over‐expression of collagen III) throughout early development. We hypothesized that the predominant genetic differences between normal SMCs and ESMCs are in the developmental genes. This hypothesis was tested by the use of microarray analysis. Bladder SM biopsies were taken from ‘healthy’ subjects undergoing bladder surgeries for other conditions (for example, urinary reflux) and patients with bladder exstrophy. Cells were expanded in vitro, and total RNA was isolated and hybridized to the Affymetrix U133A GeneChip® (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) by the Wake Forest University School of Medicine Affymetrix core facility, using standard protocols.

RESULTS

We created a genetic signature consisting of 961 genes that are over‐expressed and 432 genes that are under‐expressed in ESMCs. Analysis of these signatures identified an over‐expression of inflammatory genes and an under‐expression of developmental genes.

CONCLUSION

Our data is in concordance with previous studies and histological data showing that ESMCs are developmentally immature relative to healthy bladder SM. The clinical implication of the ESMC genetic signature is that it provides a list of targets that can be (i) manipulated ex vivo and/or in vivo to induce differentiation (the completion of development) and (ii) used as biomarkers to explain the variability of the clinical symptoms after surgical closure.     

高钾溶液对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎SD大鼠前列腺平滑肌细胞内钙离子浓度的影响及意义

目的 探讨慢性非细菌性前列腺炎SD大鼠前列腺平滑肌细胞(PSMC)内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)在高钾溶液作用下的变化及临床意义. 方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为实验组和对照组,采用去势+雌二醇注射的方法诱导大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎,体外培养纯化PSMC,细胞经钙离子荧光探针Quest Fluo-8TM孵育后在激光共聚焦显微镜下连续动态扫描,然后加入高钾溶液250μl(60 mmol/L),观测细胞内钙离子荧光强度变化情况. 结果 光镜下实验组标本显示典型慢性前列腺炎的病理特征,对照组未见炎症表现.免疫细胞化学方法证实两组细胞均为PSMC.两组PSMC内钙离子荧光强度增加幅度分别为27.86±9.88和7.61 ±4.31,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 高钾溶液导致细胞内钙离子浓度升高,可能会影响细胞及前列腺的各项电生理功能,在慢性前列腺炎发病机制中可能具有-定作用.     

体外高磷环境下血管平滑肌细胞转分化过程的研究

目的 观察体外高磷培养条件下,血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）向类似成骨样细胞转分化的动态变化特点。 方法 Western印迹和免疫荧光法观察不同磷浓度（1.0、2.5、3.5 mmol/L）培养条件下,人VSMC的标志蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）以及成骨细胞特异性的核转录因子Cbfα1、相关骨基质蛋白（骨桥蛋白、I型胶原和骨钙素）的动态变化过程。实时荧光定量PCR法分析上述指标的基因表达水平。在此基础上,以硝酸银染色和茜素红染色了解细胞的钙盐沉积状况,最后通过电镜观察不同培养条件下细胞超微结构的改变。 结果 在无血清的培养条件下,高磷（2.5、3.5 mmol/L）刺激细胞12 h时,胞内 Cbfα1的表达就明显增加（P ＜ 0.05）;3 d后高磷组（2.5、3.5 mmol/L）细胞中I型胶原和骨桥蛋白的含量显著上调（均P ＜ 0.05）;第6天骨钙素的产生开始增加;15 d时高磷组（2.5、3.5 mmol/L）α-SMA的含量才显著下降（P ＜ 0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,高磷环境培养1 d时,细胞中骨桥蛋白、I型胶原的mRNA水平显著升高（均P ＜ 0.05）;5 d时骨钙素的mRNA表达显著增加（P ＜ 0.05）;10 d时α-SMA的mRNA含量显著减少（P ＜ 0.05）。在高磷营养液中培养15 d时,细胞出现多处斑片状的钙盐沉积。电镜可见胞质内产生大量胶原纤维和钙化的基质囊泡。 结论 高磷可诱导VSMC向类似成骨样细胞转分化,这是一个复杂的、有多个环节、有序的动态变化过程。     

Ca2+ sensitization in contraction of human bladder smooth muscle

PURPOSE: The role of Ca2+ sensitization in the contraction of human bladder urinary smooth muscle (UBSM) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simultaneous measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension in fura-2 loaded intact strips and receptor coupled strips permeabilized with alpha-toxin were applied. Protein expressions was confirmed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In intact fura-2 loaded strips 1 microM carbachol (CCh) induced a greater contraction and a lower [Ca2+]i elevation than that induced by 60 mM K depolarization. In alpha-toxin permeabilized strips 1 microM CCh induced contraction at constant [Ca2+]i and produced a leftward shift in the [Ca2+]i-tension relationship. RhoA, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) I, ROCK II and CPI-17 proteins were expressed in human UBSM. In intact fura-2 loaded strips the application of 3 microM Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, or 3 microM bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), a protein kinase C inhibitor, during the sustained phase of contraction induced by 1 microM CCh induced relaxation without changing [Ca2+]i. In alpha-toxin permeabilized strips the application of 3 microM Y-27632 or 3 microM GF109203X during the sustained contraction induced by 0.3 microM Ca plus 10 microM guanosine triphosphate and 1 microM CCh induced relaxation at constant [Ca2+]i. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that in human UBSM CCh induces contraction, not only by increasing [Ca2+]i, but also by increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in a ROCK and protein kinase C dependent manner. Antagonism of Ca2+ sensitization pathways may represent an alternative target in the treatment of overactive bladder.     

RhoA/SRF信号通路介导Nelin诱导人血管平滑肌细胞表型转化

目的 探讨Nelin基因对人血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)表型转化的调控机制.方法 应用过表达慢病毒载体[Nelin-VSMC]及干扰慢病毒载体[LV-Nelin-SiRNA-VSMC]制备稳定转染的VSMC细胞模型,通过荧光定量PCR以及蛋白质印迹分析(Western blotanalysis,WB)等技术手段,观察Nelin蛋白过表达及表达抑制对人VSMC表型转化的影响及其调控机制.结果 Nelin-VSMC组细胞呈收缩表型,细胞细长,成“谷-峰”样生长,Nelin mRNA、Nelin蛋白和平滑肌分化标志蛋白平滑肌α-肌动蛋白(SMoα-actin)表达显著增加,同时SMα-actin相关调控因子-血清反应因子(SRF)入核转位,RhoA总蛋白表达上调,经Rho激酶特异性抑制剂Y-27632作用后,SRF在细胞核中表达显著减少,同时SMα-actin表达下调;LV-Nelin-SiRNA-VSMC组细胞呈合成表型,细胞体积变大,细胞极性消失,生长状态无序,Nelin mRNA、Nelin蛋白和SMα-actin蛋白表达显著降低,同时伴有SRF出核转位及RhoA总蛋白表达下调.结论 在体外培养的人VSMC中,Nelin依次激活SMα-actin蛋白相关调控因子RhoA和SRF引起SMα-actin表达增加,促进VSMC向收缩表型转换.     

瑞芬太尼对人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞L-型钙通道电流的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼对人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞(MASMCs)L-型钙通道电流的影响,探讨其扩张血管的机制。方法酶解法分离人肠系膜小动脉单个平滑肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术,以钡电流作为载流子,观察19.4nmol／L瑞芬太尼在不同钳制电压下以及不同浓度瑞芬太尼在最大激活电压下对MASMCs L-型钡电流(TBa-L)的影响。结果19．4 nmol／L瑞芬太尼可抑制TBa-L,使电流密度-电压曲线上移,最大激活电压及翻转电压均向膜的负电位方向移动(P<0．01)。瑞芬太尼浓度依赖性地抑制TBa-L,其半数最大抑制效应的浓度为(39±4)nmol／L。结论瑞芬太尼浓度依赖性地抑制人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞L-型钙通道,从而产生扩张血管的作用。