冠心病介入治疗患者体外反搏的疗效探讨

目的 探讨增强型体外反搏(enhanced external couterpulsation EECP)对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的疗效.方法 经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病且介入治疗成功的患者共469例,其中85例在药物治疗的基础上行体外反搏治疗(EECP组),另384例予单纯药物治疗(药物组).临床随访6～72个月,部分行超声心动图和冠脉造影复查,比较两组随访病例临床终点事件、左室功能和造影结果的差异.结果 (1)基线资料:对EECP组81例(95%)和药物组350例(91%)成功进行了随访,两组在临床资料、造影特征和介入治疗等方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).⑵临床终点事件:EECP组心绞痛复发率显著低于药物组(8.6%比17.4%,P＜0.05);EECP组总的临床终点事件发生率明显低于药物组(18.5%比35.4%,P＜0.01).(3)超声心动图:两组基线室壁运动指数和左室射血分数相似,但复查时EECP组明显优于药物组(P＜0.01).⑷冠状动脉造影:两组再狭窄发生率差异无统计学意义P＞0.05,但EECP组出现侧支循环患者数明显多于药物组(17.9%比5.1%,P＜0.05),复查时病变血管参考内径[(3.29±0.61)mm比(3.06±0.50)mm,P＜0.05]和支架内最小腔径[(3.02±0.59)mm比(2.67±0.62)mm,P＜0.01]均显著大于药物组.结论 对于介入治疗成功的冠心病患者,增强型体外反搏可减少心绞痛复发,改善预后和心功能,并可能有预防再狭窄的作用.     

体外反搏对局部血管紧张素原与肾素基因表达的影响

目的探讨局部血管紧张素原(angiotensinogen,ATG)与肾素在增强型体外反搏(enhancedexternalcounterpulsation,EECP)治疗心肌缺血时的改变。方法利用冠状动脉结扎法造成犬急性心肌缺血动物模型。观察EECP治疗时缺血心肌、肾脏、肺脏和主动脉处肾素活性的改变。应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)观察组织中ATG与肾素mRNA的表达。结果反搏组缺血心肌肾素活性明显低于缺血组[(2.36±0.59)ng·ml-1·h-1对(3.21±0.67)ng·ml-1·h-1,P<0.05]。反搏组缺血心肌中ATG、肾素以及主动脉肾素mRNA也明显低于缺血组(0.56±0.16对0.71±0.15,1.12±0.16对1.37±0.22,P<0.05;0.96±0.11对1.18±0.18,P<0.05)。结论EECP能通过抑制心血管肾素mRNA的表达来抑制肾素活性,同时对ATGmRNA有抑制作用。这可能是EECP抑制心血管局部血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅱ水平,从而保护缺血心肌的机制之一。     

体外反搏对血液不对称二甲基精氨酸和内皮素的影响

目的：经皮冠状动脉腔内成形和支架植入术（PTCA+stent）后的冠心病患者经过增强型体外反搏治疗后，观察其血清不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）和内皮素-1（ET-1）水平的变化，从而反映体外反搏对血管内皮功能的影响。方法:将51名冠心病患者（PTCA+stent后）分成两组，按 1∶2 匹配，反搏组17人，对照组34人。两组均给予常规的药物治疗，此外，反搏组予以3个疗程的体外反搏治疗。ADMA采用高效液相色谱-荧光法检测，ET-1采用放射免疫法检测。结果:反搏组在治疗后ADMA和 ET-1水平明显低于治疗前（P<0.05）；对照组治疗前后ADMA差异无显著（P>0.05），ET-1在治疗后高于治疗前（P<0.01）。组间比较，反搏组的ADMA和ET-1降低程度明显多于对照组（P<0.01）；反搏组心绞痛症状改善和心绞痛减少次数均较对照组明显（P<0.01），并且ADMA降低的程度与两者呈正相关（r分别是0.85、0.70，P<0.01） 。结论：增强型体外反搏通过提高对血管内皮细胞的切应力，降低了PTCA+stent术后冠心病患者血液中的ADMA、ET-1，提示血管内皮功能的改善，为冠心病患者的综合治疗提供了实验依据。     

体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪动脉粥样硬化病理形态及核因子κB表达的影响

目的探讨使用增强型体外反搏器(EECP)提高血流剪切应力对高胆固醇血症实验猪血管病理形态、血管内皮形态与功能及核因子κB(NFκB)表达的影响。方法健康雄性家猪随机分为普通饲料组、高脂对照组、高脂反搏组。后两组同量持续高胆固醇饲料喂养建立高胆固醇血症及早期动脉粥样硬化动物模型。高脂反搏组在高胆固醇喂养2个月后进行体外反搏。15周后取出冠状动脉、胸主动脉和腹主动脉行病理形态学观察和NFκB免疫荧光激光共聚焦扫描。结果高脂对照组及高脂反搏组血脂水平较普通饲料组显著升高(P<0.01),而高脂对照组与高脂反搏组之间血脂水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主动脉大体苏丹Ⅲ染色示高胆固醇血症猪斑块形成较普通饲料组增多;而高脂反搏组斑块/内膜面积比[(3.33±2.40)%]显著少于高脂对照组[(12.03±7.12)%](P<0.05)。扫描电镜示高脂对照组内皮细胞排列紊乱,大量破坏脱落,有较多血小板黏附;高脂反搏组内皮细胞较完整,沿血流方向梭形排列,血小板黏附较少。透射电镜示高脂对照组内皮细胞变性凋亡脱落显著,内皮下大量泡沫细胞积聚,平滑肌细胞呈合成型改变,大量增生并向内膜移行;而高脂反搏组上述改变明显减轻。冠状动脉HE染色及弹力纤维染色示高脂对照组弹力纤维紊乱断裂,内膜较普通饲料组增厚[(24.36±9.72)μm比(9.97±4.02)μm,P<0.05];而高脂反搏组的内膜增厚比高脂对照组明显减少[(11.87±5.95)μm比(24.36±9.72)μm;P<0.05]。免疫荧光激光共聚焦扫描示高胆固醇血症猪冠脉内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞的细胞核NFκB荧光强度较普通饲料组增高,但高脂反搏组荧光强度较高脂对照组减少(P<0.05)。结论通过体外反搏提高血流剪切应力可改善血管内皮细胞形态与功能,减轻内膜增生和血管重塑,从而抑制高胆固醇血症猪早期动脉粥样硬化的形成和进展。其机制可能与下调NFκB的活性表达有关。     

长期体外反搏对冠状动脉闭塞犬的促血管新生作用研究

目的探索长期体外反搏对冠状动脉闭塞犬心肌微血管和血管新生作用的影响以及对循环和心肌局部血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法雄性Beagle犬12只,随机分为对照组(n=6)和反搏组(n=6),均用心导管法建立定向冠状动脉闭塞模型3d后,反搏组接受体外反搏处理,每日1h,持续共6周(每只犬反搏总时间28~30h)。血管细胞成分免疫标记技术比较心肌微血管的差异和血管新生作用。双抗体夹心ELISA法测定犬血清VEGF水平动态变化。免疫组化SP法(链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶免疫组化染色超敏法)测定心肌组织局部VEGF的表达。RT-PCR检测心肌组织局部VEGFmRNA的表达。结果(1)图像分析证实,反搏组犬缺血心肌组织内的微血管的数量显著高于对照组[α-actin:(11.8±5.3)支/HP比(3.4±1.2)支/HP,P<0.05;FⅧ-r-Ag:(15·2±6.3)支/HP比(4.9±2.1)支/HP,P<0.05]。(2)冠状动脉急性闭塞后,两组犬的血清VEGF水平开始升高,在24h均达到一峰值水平,随后VEGF水平下降,约在1周时降至最低。之后两组犬的血清VEGF水平有轻微增加,但组间变化差异无统计学意义。(3)反搏组犬缺血心肌组织的VEGF表达范围较广泛,但绝大部分仍分布于心肌细胞,少数分布于血管内皮细胞和成纤维细胞。相反,在对照组,心肌VEGF阳性表达的范围和强度均不及反搏组。(4)免疫组化图像分析发现,反搏组犬心肌VEGF表达的面积[(0·0353±0.0090)mm2比(0.0036±0.0008)mm2,P<0.01]、吸光度指数[(3·0391±0.5121)比(0·3473±0.0840),P<0.01)]均高于对照组;对两组心肌组织VEGFmRNA的表达进行半定量分析,结果反搏组犬心肌VEGFmRNA的表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01),增加73·5%。结论长期体外反搏治疗促进冠状动脉侧支循环和新生血管形成,促进缺血心肌组织局部VEGF蛋白和mRNA水平的表达可能是体外反搏的治疗机制之一。     

增强型体外反搏对冠心病患者血清一氧化氮和丙二醛的影响

目的:探讨增强型体外反搏对冠心病患者血清一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法:采用硝酸盐还原酶法测定69例冠心患者(反搏组31例,药物组38例)和35名正常人血清中NO2-和NO3-的含量,以反映NO的浓度,同时检测血清中MDA的含量,观察冠心病患者增强型体外反搏过程中及反搏后血清NO和MDA的动态变化.结果:治疗前,反搏组和药物组冠心病患者血清NO含量(38.88±17.03) μmol/L,(40.78±7.38) μmol/L明显低于正常人水平(70.86±7.61) μmol/L,P＜0.05.经过3个疗程的增强型体外反搏治疗,患者血中NO含量明显增高(105.47±25.58) μmol/L,P＜0.05,对照组经过6周药物治疗,血中NO也有一定程度的增高(48.52±10.04) μmol/L,但仍低于正常水平.与此相反,治疗前反搏组和药物组冠心病患者血清MDA含量(5.74±0.53) nmol/L,(5.71±0.59) nmol/L明显高于正常人水平(3.87±0.65) nmol/L,P＜0.05.经过3个疗程的增强型体外反搏治疗,患者血中MDA含量明显降低(4.04±0.65) nmol/L,P＜0.05,但药物组经过6周药物治疗,血中MDA无明显变化(5.60±0.55) nmol/L.在增强型体外反搏过程中,随着疗程的增加,冠心病患者血清NO含量逐渐升高,而MDA浓度则逐渐降低.结论:提示增强型体外反搏可促进NO的释放,从而调整内皮功能,并降低MDA的产生,抑制脂质过氧化反应,为增强型体外反搏在临床上的应用提供新的理论依据.     

多排螺旋CT对冠状动脉心肌桥的诊断及对壁冠状动脉平均长度、平均埋藏深度、平均狭窄程度的临床分析

目的:探析多排螺旋CT对冠状动脉心肌桥的诊断价值及对壁冠状动脉平均长度、埋藏深度、狭窄程度的评估价值.方法:选取2020年8月至2021年8月期间至我院接受多排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查的疑似冠心病患者200例作为研究对象,200例患者均统一实施冠脉造影以及64排256层螺旋CT检查.比较不同检查方式下冠心病及冠状动脉心肌桥的检出率,患者壁冠状动脉的平均长度、平均埋藏深度、平均狭窄程度及具体发病位置,并对比不同检查方式患者不良反应发生情况.结果:冠脉造影结果显示200例疑似冠心病患者检出率为70.50％(141/200),76例心肌桥-壁冠状动脉患者包含122处发病位置,壁冠状动脉平均长度为(5.31±2.12)mm、平均埋藏深度为(2.41±1.15)mm、平均狭窄程度为(43.15±10.58)％.螺旋CT结果显示200例疑似冠心病患者检出率为86.50％(173/200),102例出现心肌桥-壁冠状动脉患者包含215处发病位置,壁冠状动脉平均长度为(6.75±2.28)mm、平均埋藏深度为(3.17±1.45)mm、平均狭窄程度为(48.26±10.35)％;冠脉造影下患者不良反应发生率23.00％(46/200)高于多排螺旋CT10.50％(21/200),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:采用多排螺旋CT可准确诊断冠状动脉心肌桥并明确其具体发病位置,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

临床诊断急性心肌梗死与冠状动脉造影比较研究

目的比较冠状动脉造影(CAG)阴性和CAG阳性的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特点。方法对临床诊断急性心肌梗死的399例患者行选择性CAG检查,并据造影结果对临床特点进行对比分析。结果CAG阳性组直径狭窄≥50%者376例,占94.24%,其中狭窄≥90%者307例(81.38%);CAG阴性组直径狭窄<50%者23例,占5.76%,其中0%狭窄7例(30.43%),10%～40%狭窄16例(69.57%)。CAG阴性组与CAG阳性组比较:小于40岁的患者26.08%(6/23)比6.12%(23/376,P<0.05);女性患者43.48%(10/23)比18.88%(71/376,P<0.05);糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压患者分别为26.08%(6/23)比15.69%(59/376),73.91%(17/23)比67.82%(255/376),26.08%(6/23)比28.48%(107/376),P均>0.05;冠心病危险因素数目无显著差异(P>0.05);左室舒张末压(LVEDP)为(12.53±5.46)mmHg比(18.75±7.10)mmHg(P<0.01);左室射血分数(LVEF)为(63.56±8.18)%比(59.56±12.04)%(P>0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者中CAG阴性者并非少见,主要发生机制是在冠脉内皮受损基础上冠脉痉挛或冠脉微小斑块破裂促发血栓形成,继而发生血栓自溶或溶栓干预后血栓消失。CAG阴性AMI在年轻人、女性中并不少见,心功能较好,与CAG阳性者具相同的糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压发生率。     

体外反搏对失血性休克狗循环紊乱的治疗作用

用国产WFB-Ⅳ电脑控制增强型体外反搏机观察了体外反搏对失血性休克的疗效。12只狗,体重10.1±1.6kg,分为单纯休克组和反搏治疗组,每组6只。2.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,一侧颈动脉插管,描记血压(MAP)     

增强型体外反搏对冠心病患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮的影响

目的:探讨增强型体外反搏对冠心病患者血浆内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法:把62例确诊冠心病的患者随机分为体外反搏治疗组(29例)和药物治疗组(32例), 反搏组在常规药物治疗的基础上接受增强型体外反搏仪治疗36d(1h/d), 药物组接受常规药物治疗相同天数;分别于治疗前后应用放射免疫法测定患者的血浆ET含量, 应用硝酸盐还原酶法测定患者血浆NO^-₂/NO^-₃含量, 以间接反映NO的浓度;并测定30例健康人的ET和NO^-₂/NO^-₃值作为对照。结果:治疗前反搏组和药物组的ET水平(116.4±44.9)ng/L, (111.9±44.4)ng/L明显高于正常人(65.8±15.6)ng/L(P＜0.01)。治疗后反搏组ET水平(78.9±30.2)ng/L明显低于药物组(148.0±39.5)ng/L(P＜0.01)。NO^-₂/NO^-₃水平, 治疗前反搏组(64.4±14.8)μmol/L和药物组(67.0±24.0)μmol/L, 稍低于正常人(70.1±13.9)μmol/L, 但P＞0.05;治疗后反搏组(89.6±30.3)μmol/L高于正常人(P＜0.01), 药物组NO^-₂/NO^-₃(83.4±23.0)μmol/L与正常人比较无明显差异(P＞0.05)。体现血管收缩和舒张平衡关系的ET/(NO^-₂/NO^-₃)比值, 治疗前反搏组(1.9±0.8)和对照组(1.8±0.9)均高于正常人(1.0±0.3)(P＜0.01), 治疗后反搏组该值(0.9±0.4)下降(P＜0.01), 并接近正常人水平(P＞0.05), 而药物组(1.8±0.7)与治疗前比较无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论:增强型体外反搏可改善冠心病患者的内皮功能。     

Effect of curcumin on permeability of coronary artery and expression of related proteins in rat coronary atherosclerosis heart disease model

Objective: Our objective is to explore the effect of curcumin on permeability of coronary artery and expression of related proteins in rat coronary atherosclerosis heart disease model. Methods: 45 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade were selected and divided into treatment group, model control group and blank control group. The rats in the treatment group and model control group received high-fat diet for 12 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of VD₃ to establish rat coronary atherosclerosis heart disease model. After modeling, the rats in the treatment group received gavage of 100 mg/(kg·d) curcimin, and the rats in the model control group and blank control group received gavage of 5 ml/(kg·d) distilled water, the intervention time was 4 weeks. After intervention, the rats were killed, and the hearts were dissected to obtain the samples of coronary artery. After embedding and frozen section, immunofluorescence method was used to detect the change of endarterium permeability in 3 groups, Western blot was used to detect matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and CD40L in coronary artery tissue, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C reaction protein (CRP). Results: After modeling, compared with the blank control group, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-c) in the treatment group and model control group were significantly higher (P<0.05), however, high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-c) was significantly lower. The pathological sections showed that there was lipidosis in rat coronary artery in treatment group and model control group, indicating that the modeling was successful. Immunofluorescence showed that there was only a little fluorochrome permeability in artery in blank control group, there was some fluorochrome permeability in artery in the treatment group and there was a lot of fluorochrome permeability in artery in the model control group. MMP-9 and CD40L in coronary artery tissue in the model control group were significantly higher than the treatment group (P<0.05), MMP-9 and CD40L in coronary artery tissue in the treatment group were significantly higher than the blank control group (P<0.05); serum TNF-α and CRP in the model control group were significantly higher than the treatment group (P<0.05), which were significantly higher in the treatment group than the blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rat coronary atherosclerosis heart disease model can be successfully established by feeding with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of VD₃, the permeability of coronary artery in coronary heart disease rat model is significantly increased, which may be related to up-regulation of MMP-9, CD40L, TNF-α and CRP expression. Application of curcumin can inhibit expression of MMP-9, CD40L, TNF-α and CRP to improve the permeability of coronary artery.     

Characteristics of the plaque under a coronary thrombus

Summary Young men dying suddenly and autopsied by the coroner sometimes have coronary thrombosis at a relatively early stage of arteriosclerosis. The plaques under such thrombi often have a complex of features, a) rupture, b) hemorrhage, c) medial destruction, d) nodular collections of foam cells, e) calcification, f) cellular infiltrates of the fibrous cap, fibrous base and adventitia, and g) a newly described kind of phagocytic activity at the boundary between the necrotic core and the fibrous base of the plaque. Commonplace innocuous plaques in most middle and old aged subjects without heart disease also often have some of these features. What structural characteristics might distinguish rare thrombogenic from commonplace innocuous plaques? Twenty-one thrombotic plaques from 18 cases of sudden coronary heart disease (CHD) death were histologically compared with 129 nonthrombotic plaques from these same 18 cases, 85 plaques from 23 cases of CHD death due to arteriosclerotic occlusion, and 94 plaques from 22 cases having no CHD. Plaques with thrombosis all had necrotic cores; plaques for comparison with these were therefore chosen all to have necrotic cores. Rupture and hemorrhage were found in 90% of thrombotic plaques, with mixing of plaque gruel and blood in the thrombus. Medial destruction, foam cells and calcification (features c, d, and e) were commonplace in all types of plaques. Small-cell infiltrates and atherophagocytosis (features f or g) were found in 72–94% of the 21 thrombotic plaques, but only in 18–24% of the 94 not CHD plaques. The necrotic core, characterized by crystalline cholesterol, appears to incite cellular responses in some plaques but not others; those responses distinguish thrombogenesis. The findings imply that thrombogenicity and its accompanying plaque cellularity are incited not by cholesterol, but by some trace or minor component of the plaque gruel of the necrotic core. The possibility of testing these hypotheses by practical methods has been shown to be feasible.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for diabetics with multivessel coronary artery disease: the Korean Multicenter Revascularization Registry (KORR)

This study was designed to assess the relative merits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD), particularly for Korean diabetics. Among 3,279 patients with MVCAD who were recommended for revascularization were enrolled from nine centers in Korea, 2,154 were selected after statistical adjustments for the disparities between two groups. Survival rates were not significantly different for three years between two groups. Among diabetic patients, the three-year mortality rate in PCI group was 1.9-fold higher than that of CABG group, although it was not statistically significant (PCI 19.8%, CABG 11.4%, p=0.14). The three-year mortality rate was similar between the two groups in non-diabetics (PCI 8.3%, CABG 10.0%, p=0.50). The 30-day rate of cerebrovascular event was higher in CABG group, for both diabetic (CABG 3.6%, PCI 0.0%, p<0.001) and non-diabetic patients (CABG 2.4%, PCI 0.0%, p<0.001). Short- and long-term revascularization rates were higher in PCI group than in CABG group. As a conclusion, this Korean registry demonstrates that PCI was associated with comparable survival rates and lower short-term morbidity, but a greater requirement for repeated revascularization compared with CABG in Korean diabetics.     

Fibrocytes are associated with the fibrosis of coronary heart disease

Fibrocytes contribute significantly to fibrosis in many cardiac diseases. However, it is not clear whether fibrocytes are associated with the fibrosis in coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to determine whether fibrocytes are involved in cardiac fibrosis in CHD. We identified the presence of fibrocytes in CHD heart by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, examined the collagen volume fraction by Masson's Trichrome staining, and evaluated the correlation between fibrocytes and cardiac fibrosis. In conjunction, we examined the location of CXCL12, a homing factor and specific ligand for CXCR4, by immunohistochemistry. Fibrocytes were identified in 26 out of 27 CHD hearts and in 10 out of 11 normal hearts. Combinations, including CD34/αSMA, CD34/procollagen-I, CD45/αSMA, CXCR4/procollagen-I and CXCR4/αSMA, stained significantly more fibrocytes in CHD hearts as compared with those in normal hearts (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between the collagen volume fraction and the amount of fibrocytes (r = 0.558; p = 0.003 < 0.01) and between the number of CXCR4⁺ fibrocytes and the CXCL12⁺ cells (r = 0.741; p = 0.000 < 0.01) in CHD hearts. Based upon these findings, we conclude that fibrocytes, likely recruited through the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis, may contribute to the increase in the fibroblast population in CHD heart.     

人体冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中氧化低密度脂蛋白和新生血管与斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)在人体冠脉稳定斑块和不稳定斑块内的分布、与血管新生之间的关系及其在不稳定斑块形成过程中的可能作用。方法选取经临床和病理解剖检查确诊的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病例进行免疫组织化学SABC法染色并通过计算机图像分析系统进行量化分析。结果(1)不稳定斑块组内各部位oxLDL的聚集程度均明显高于稳定斑块组。oxLDL主要分布于斑块的肩部,纤维帽及基底部相对较少。oxLDL阳性面积比(‰)分别为肩部:不稳定斑块组20.43±3.12,稳定斑块组17.65±4.22;基底部:不稳定斑块组5.65±1.65,稳定斑块组3.22±1.02;纤维帽:不稳定斑块组4.77±2.03,稳定斑块组2.80±0.22。oxLDL是脂质核心的主要组成部分。(2)斑块肩部Ⅷ因子与oxLDL的阳性面积比呈明显正相关(r=0.8247,P=0.000)。结论不稳定斑块组较稳定斑块组oxLDL的聚集量高,尤其是肩部oxLDL的分布明显高于稳定组,提示斑块内oxLDL含量的多少及分布区域是影响斑块稳定性的重要因素。oxLDL通过促进炎细胞经新生血管在斑块局部聚集而影响斑块的稳定性。     

Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease risk by vasomotor menopausal symptoms

Objectives

We examined whether the association between hormone therapy (HT) use and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk differed between women with and without vasomotor symptoms (VMS).

Study design

We used data from a Dutch (EPOS) and Swedish (WHILA) population-based sample of 8865 women, aged 46–64 years, and free of CHD, stroke, venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism or cancer at baseline. Data on HT use, VMS and potential confounders were collected by questionnaires.

Main outcome measures

CHD endpoints, obtained via registries.

Results

252 CHD cases occurred during 10.3 years of follow-up. Neither for women with nor for women without flushing or (night) sweats ever HT use was associated with CHD risk, compared with never HT use. Among women with intense VMS, ever HT use borderline significantly decreased CHD risk compared with never HT use (HR 0.48 [95% CI 0.20–1.03]). Among women without intense VMS, ever HT use was associated with a borderline significant increased CHD risk (HR 1.28 [95% CI 0.96–1.70]; P for interaction = 0.02). However, after multivariate adjustment, as compared to never HT use, ever HT use was not associated with risk of CHD among women with or without intense VMS.

Conclusions

In both groups of women with and without VMS, HT use does not seem to be associated with the risk of CHD. Hence, our findings do not support the view that HT use increases the CHD risk among women with an indication, i.e. VMS, but this needs to be confirmed in specifically designed studies.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ERβ and coronary atherosclerotic disease in Chinese Han women

Background: Growing evidence has shown that with the increase of age, the incidence of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) in women increases to equal that of men. Several studies on the single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] seem to provide evidence in support of the protective role estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has in reducing the risk of CAD. Objective: To determine the association of ERβ SNPs rs1256049 RsaI 1082 A > G and rs4986938 AluI 1730 G > A with coronary atherosclerotic disease in Chinese Han women. Methods: We designed a nested case-control research, in which 120 case women and 30 control women were selected from the Forensic Medicine Department of Tongji Medical College, HUST. We isolated DNA from their lung paraffin blocks, and then screened for these two SNPs for each DNA sample. Post-statistical analysis of their genotypes and haplotypes was used to figure out the targeted association. Results: We found no significant difference between the genotypes or haplotypes of the two SNPs and the risk of CAD. However, the rs4986938 heterozygote AG variant was correlated with a significantly lower risk for CAD than did homozygote GG variant in the group of less than 40 years old. Haplotype AA of the two SNPs was correlated with a higher risk for CAD in the same group. Conclusion: The rs4986938 AluI 1730 G > A seems to be quite involved in the genetic basis of the disease and needs more attention in future studies. Meanwhile, this very association made between CAD and the mentioned SNP seems to be affected quite a bit by age.     

人体冠状动脉精确解剖三维模型及有限元虚拟现实研究

目的　利用来自活体的CCTA数据建立不同狭窄程度冠状动脉的精确解剖三维模型,并对该组模型进行有限元流体力学模拟研究,分析血流速度在不同狭窄程度冠脉血管中的变化情况,以及其对动脉粥样硬化的造成的影响。 方法　利用临床患者冠脉的CCTA数据建立精确解剖的三维模型,再使用有限元软件建立有限元模型,设置各种边界条件进行模拟分析,最后采用各种直观的图形形式输出结果。 结果　血流速度在冠脉狭窄处明显加快,又在狭窄后区域明显减慢并且产生了涡流;这种明显变化的血流速度对动脉斑块会产生较大的影响。 结论　（1）利用CCTA数据建立的冠脉三维模型准确、真实。 （2）流速对动脉粥样硬化的发生发展扮演着重要的角色,狭窄动脉的流速变化可以加快动脉粥样硬化斑块的生长并影响斑块稳定性。     

Evaluation of plasma eosinophil count and mean platelet volume in patients with coronary slow flow

OBJECTIVE:

The pathophysiology of coronary slow flow has not been clearly defined, although multiple abnormalities including arteritis, endothelial dysfunction, and atherothrombosis, have been reported. It is known that eosinophils play an important role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis. We aimed to compare the eosinophil counts of coronary slow flow patients versus healthy controls.

METHODS:

This study included 50 coronary slow flow patients (19 males, mean age 65.6±13.7 years) and 30 healthy controls (10 males, mean age 57.86±11.6 years). These participants were evaluated using concurrent routine biochemical tests as well as neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts and mean platelet volume (MPV), which were obtained from the whole blood count. These parameters were compared between groups.

RESULTS:

The baseline characteristics of the study groups were comparable. The coronary slow flow patients had a higher mean platelet volume and eosinophil count than the control group (8.38±0.86 vs 6.28±1.6 fL and 0.31±0.42 vs 0.09±0.05; p<0.001 and 0.008, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Our study demonstrated a relationship between eosinophil count and MPV in patients with coronary slow flow.     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平测定对急性冠脉综合征患者的临床意义

目的 测定急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清中同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的水平,探讨血清Hcy水平对ACS患者的临床意义.方法 入选2010年5月至2012年12月本院住院65例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛（UA）33例、急性心肌梗死（AMI）32例,同时入选稳定性心绞痛（SA）35例,并以32例健康体检者作为阴性对照组,测定各组血清Hcy水平,进行统计学分析.结果 血清Hcy水平,UA组（18.15±4.72）μmol/L、AMI组（21.62±5.56） μmol/L、SA组（16.03±3.16）μmol/L、对照组（9.86±2.53） μmol/L,UA及AMI组明显高于SA组及对照组（P＜0.05）;且AMI组显著高于UA组,各组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 血清Hcy水平升高为ACS的危险因素,可作为反映ACS病情的指标.