磁共振质子波谱分析对多发性硬化的诊断价值

目的研究磁共振质子波谱分析(1HMRS)对多发性硬化(MS)的诊断价值。方法对29例MS患者(MS组)和26例正常志愿者(正常对照组)进行头颅MRI及1HMRS检查;计算其峰下面积,对脑部代谢产物氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)的浓度进行定量,比较两组间NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值的差异。用扩展的功能障碍分级法(EDSS)对MS患者进行评分,分析MS组患者的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值与EDSS评分之间的相关性。结果MS组的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值分别为1.38±0.43、1.99±0.84,正常对照组为1.89±0.49、1.48±0.36。MS组的NAA/Cr比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0·05),Cho/Cr比值显著高于正常对照组(P<0·05)。MS组的NAA/Cr比值与EDSS评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.588,P<0·05),Cho/Cr比值与EDSS评分之间不相关(r=0·012,P>0·05)。结论MS患者的1HMRS检查有明显异常改变,NAA/Cr比值可反映MS患者临床神经功能障碍的程度。     

1H 磁共振波谱分析在评价多发性硬化轴索损害中的临床价值

目的 探讨1H磁共振波谱分析(1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H MRS)在评价多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)轴索损害中的临床价值.方法 对36例MS患者(MS组)和26例健康志愿者(健康对照组)行头颅MRI及1H MRS检查,计算脑部代谢产物N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)的水平并比较两组间NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值的差异.采用扩展的功能障碍分级法(EDSS)对MS患者进行评分并分析其NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr 比值与EDSS评分间的相关性.结果 MS组NAA/Cr比值(1.44±0.44)显著低于对照组(1.89±0.49)(P＜0.05),MS组Cho/Cr比值(1.92±0.80)显著高于对照组(1.48±0.36)(P＜0.05).MS组NAA/Cr 比值与EDSS评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.503,P＜0.05),Cho/Cr比值与EDSS评分之间无相关性(r=0.14,P＞0.05).结论 MS患者脑部病灶NAA/Cr比值下降可提示MS患者轴索损害的程度.     

磁共振质子波谱分析对颞叶癫(癇)定侧的研究

目的探讨在磁共振质子波谱分析(1HMRS)对颞叶癫疒间的定侧作用及其影响因素。方法用1.5T场强的MR成像系统1HMRS,对40例不同病程的颞叶癫疒间患者和20名正常对照者分别进行双颞叶内侧N乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)浓度测定,根据颞叶癫疒间患者两侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值进行定侧。结果NAA/(Cho Cr)值正常对照组为0.58±0.09,癫疒间组病灶侧为0.45±0.12,病灶对侧为0.51±0.10,癫疒间组两侧显著小于正常对照组(均P<0.05);24例患者1HMRS癫疒间灶定侧与EEG一致,符合率63%;病灶侧内、中、外各亚区NAA/(Cho Cr)值较正常对照组低,差异有显著性(均P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降程度与单或双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降及发作频率无关(P>0.05);双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值异常者两侧EEG异常率高于单侧异常者(P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关(r=-0.361,P<0.05)。结论癫疒间患者脑代谢异常弥散;1HMRS在颞叶癫疒间有定侧作用;NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关。     

胶质瘤及瘤周1HMRS与肿瘤细胞增殖活性分析

目的 运用氢质子磁共振波谱(1HMRS)成像技术评估波谱代谢物比值与胶质瘤瘤体及瘤周水肿带病理的相关性.方法 前瞻性对11例幕上可疑胶质瘤患者术前行常规MR检查及波谱分析,免疫组化Ki-67标记术后瘤体及瘤周标本以检测具增殖活性的肿瘤细胞.结果 胶质瘤瘤体和瘤周水肿带NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值以及瘤周水肿带与正常脑组织Cho/NAA差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),瘤周水肿带与正常脑组织NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胶质瘤瘤体及瘤周水肿带具增殖活性的肿瘤细胞密度分别为14.34%±6.26%、7.92%±2.08%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);瘤体及瘤周水肿带Cho/NAA比值与肿瘤细胞增殖活性显著正相关,相关系数分别为(r=0.680,P=0.021)、(r=0.649,P=0.031),而NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值与肿瘤细胞增殖活性无明显相关.结论 胶质瘤波谱代谢物Cho/NAA比值与肿瘤细胞增殖活性显著正相关,1HMRS具有评价胶质瘤生物学行为的潜能.     

氢质子磁共振波谱对Alzheimer病神经生化改变的分析

目的研究Alzheimer病(Alzheimerdisease,AD)的氢质子磁共振波谱分析改变,并与认知正常的老年志愿者(normalcognition,NC)进行比较。方法对AD组21例及NC组20名被观察者行磁共振波谱分析,测定双侧海马、颞顶叶联合区的N乙酰天门冬氨酸(N acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)和肌醇(myo inositol,mI)与肌酸(creatine,Cr)的比值。采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。结果AD组和NC组双侧海马和颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和左侧颞顶叶联合区的mI/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和颞顶叶联合区的Cho/Cr差异无显著性(P<0.05)。只有左侧海马的NAA/Cr水平下降与AD的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.470,P<0.05)。结论磁共振波谱分析可发现AD海马及颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr、mI/Cr改变,左侧海马NAA/Cr的减低可帮助评价AD的严重程度。     

氢质子磁共振波谱在儿童创伤性颅脑损伤的应用

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波谱( 1H-MRS)分析对儿童创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)受伤程度及预后的临床价值.方法 对20例儿童TBI病人(TBI组)和10例正常儿童志愿者(正常对照组)进行1H-MRS检查,观察两组病侧与对侧N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)及NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值的变化,分析这些指标与GCS及GOS评分的相关性.结果 与正常对照组比较,TBI组NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值明显下降(P＜0.05),而Cho/Cr比值明显升高(P＜0.05);TBI组出现Lac峰1例,最终死亡.而NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值变化与GCS评分呈负相关(r=-0.59,P＜0.05),与GOS 呈正相关(r=0.63,P＜0.05);TBI组Cho/Cr比值与GCS评分呈正相关(r=0.57,P＜0.05),与GOS评分呈负相关(r=-0.69,P＜0.05).结论 1H-MRS对判断颅脑损伤的受伤程度及预后有重要参考价值.     

磁共振波谱分析应用于脑胶质瘤分级的研究

目的探讨脑胶质瘤患者应用磁共振波谱分析疾病分级的效果。方法对我院61例脑胶质瘤患者进行1 HMRS结合MRI诊断,并对不同级别的脑胶质瘤相关指标进行对比分析。结果脑胶质瘤患者Cr轻度下降,NAA呈显著性下降,Cho呈显著增高。低、高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织与对侧正常脑组织的NAA、Cho值有显著性差异(P0.05);低级别和高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织NAA、Cr值有显著性差异(P0.05)。NAA/Cho和NAA/Cr值反映肿瘤级别较稳定;NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值呈负相关,Cho/Cr值呈正相关。结论临床上采用1 H-MRS结合MRI对脑胶质瘤患者进行诊断准确性高,尤其对胶质瘤代谢特性与肿瘤生长的潜能情况,具有较好的准确性,值得临床推广。     

双相抑郁患者前额叶和前扣带回皮质氢质子波谱研究

目的:研究双相抑郁患者前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质代谢物的相对含量。方法:对30例未服药双相抑郁患者和30名健康志愿者的前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质进行氢质子波谱(1H-MRS)扫描,双相抑郁患者经6周药物治疗后再次做1H-MRS扫描,检测N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)、肌酸(Cr)4种代谢物。结果:双相抑郁组左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),双相抑郁组右侧前额叶皮质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Glx/Cr值两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经药物治疗后,左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值较治疗前升高,Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前额叶和前扣带回皮质NAA、Cho、Glx含量的改变与双相抑郁的发生和药物的疗效有关。     

精神分裂症患者脑部质子波谱特点及其与临床症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者前额叶、丘脑氧质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)的特点及其与临床症状的关系.方法 本研究纳入7 d内未使用抗精神病药物及影响脑内乙酰胆碱神经递质药物的32例精神分裂症患者和36名正常对照,入组24 h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测受试者前额叶和丘脑生化代谢物N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),并计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和NAA/(Cho+Cr)的比值.患者组同时进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估.结果 患者组左侧前额叶及左右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值[分别为(1.30±0.39)、(1.53±0.36)和(1.47±0.35)]均低于对照组[分别为(1.74±0.24)、(1.73±0.25)和(1.74±0.31)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者组左侧前额叶NAA/(Cho+cr)值[(0.63±0.12)]低于对照组[(0.74±0.21)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与PANSS总分及阴性症状分呈负相关(r=-0.48,P＜0.01;r=-0.54,P＜0.01),右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值与阴性症状呈负相关(r=-0.44,P＜0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者前额叶及丘脑存在神经元功能和(或)结构异常,左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值可能作为反映精神分裂症患者阴性症状严重程度的参考指标.     

精神分裂症患者质子磁共振波谱变化特点及与疗效、认知功能的相关分析

目的探讨不同疗效的精神分裂症患者前额叶、丘脑神经生化代谢物质的变化特点,及神经生化代谢物质与疗效和事件相关电位P300的相关性。方法对经非典型抗精神病药物治疗8周的171例精神分裂症患者,治疗前后分别采用多体素1H-MRS检测前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),计算NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值;运用事件相关电位P300(P300)评估认知功能。运用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床症状,以PANSS减分率评定疗效;根据PANSS减分率分为有效组(≥50%)、改善组(20%～49%)和无效组(<20%),比较不同疗效组上述脑代谢指标的变化。结果治疗后有效组(n=79)、改善组(n=71)和无效组(n=21)的左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值分别为(0.054±0.019)、(0.047±0.017)和(0.037±0.014),前者高于后两者,改善组高于无效组(P<0.05或P<0.01);有效组左、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值均高于无效组(P均小于0.01)。左侧前额叶、左侧和右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值均与PANSS减分率呈正相关(r值分别为0.45、0.38、0.41,P均小于0.01)。左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2、P3潜伏期变化值成负相关(r值分别为-0.37,-0.33,P<0.01或P<0.05),与靶刺激P2、P3及非靶刺激P2波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.42,0.38,0.36,P<0.01);左侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2潜伏期变化值成负相关(r=-0.30,P<0.05),与靶刺激P2及非靶刺激P2波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.40,0.35,P<0.01);右侧前额叶、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2潜伏期变化值成负相关(r值分别为-0.33,-0.34,P<0.05),与波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.34,0.32,P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者左侧前额叶和左侧丘脑NAA/Cr值变化与抗精神病药物疗效相关,与认知功能变化也存在相关性。     

寡克隆区带和IgG指数在多发性硬化中的诊断意义

目的研究寡克隆区带（OCBs）和IgG指数（IgGI）对多发性硬化（MS）诊断的敏感性及其影响因素。方法用等电聚焦结合银染色法检测30例MS、40例神经系统炎性疾病（NID）和22例神经系统非炎性疾病（NNID）患者CSF中OCBs，并计算IgG I。结果MS组和NID组比较OCBs阳性率、IgG I异常率均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；MS组、NID组与NNID组比较。差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）；传统型MS和脊髓型MS比较，差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。OCBs对MS诊断的敏感性、特异性和阳性结果似然比分别为63．3％、77．7％和2．8；IgG I分别为40．0％、76．7％和1．7。结论本地区MSOCBs阳性率和IgG I异常率较低，可能与遗传背景、疾病类型和药物应用有关，OCBs和IgG I对MS诊断具有相对特异性。     

CSF myelin basic protein, IgG and IgM levels in 101 MS patients before and after treatment with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone

A total of 101 patients (62 women; 39 men) with definite MS were treated with 1000 mg methylprednisolone (MP) intravenously for 10 consecutive days. Immediately before and after MP treatment clinical scoring (Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale) and CSF analysis were performed. Before MP treatment CSF MBP, IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels (CSF Ig, index and intrathecal synthesis) were significantly elevated. The mean CSF MBP levels were significantly higher in the relapsing-remitting (RR) and chronic progressive MS patients with relapses (CP + RR) than in the CP group without a RR disease course, respectively 2.1, 2.3 and 1.5 micrograms/l. A weak positive correlation was found between CSF MBP level and EDSS in the RR MS group (r = 0.34). CSF MBP was significantly correlated with IgM index (r = 0.36), IgM synthesis (r = 0.26), but not with the IgG levels. Therefore demyelination seems to be related to intrathecal IgM production. After MP treatment mean (median) EDSS decreased from 4.4 (4.0) to 3.3 (3.0). Except for Q albumin and IgM index, all CSF immunoglobulin levels decreased significantly after MP. The mean CSF MBP returned to reference values. In the RR group the decrease in CSF MBP was significantly correlated with the change in EDSS (r = 0.39). CSF MBP seems to be a good parameter for disease activity in relapsing MS. Following treatment CSF MBP was found to be related with the change in IgM index (r = 0.30). MP treatment reduces CSF MBP and intrathecal IgM in a similar way indicating a relation between these 2 parameters.     

Cerebrospinal fluid/serum gradient of IgG is associated with disability at acute attacks of neuromyelitis optica

Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption can be found in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO); however, its clinical implication and association with disability at acute attack remains obscure. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance of BBB disruption and the subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum IgG gradient in NMO. Retrospective analysis was made of acute-stage CSF samples from NMO (n = 40) and multiple sclerosis (MS; n = 26) patients. The CSF/serum IgG gradient (QIgG), albumin ratio (Qalb), and IgG index were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify clinical and CSF variables associated with disability at acute attacks (extended disability scale score, EDSS) in both groups. The EDSS was significantly associated with the QIgG (p < 0.001), Qalb (p = 0.012), and number of cumulative attacks (p = 0.012) in NMO but not in MS with univariate analysis. Length of spinal cord involvement was also associated with EDSS in NMO (p = 0.030). However, multivariate analysis revealed that the QIgG was only significantly associated with EDSS in NMO (0.580; 95% CI -0.257, 0.961; p = 0.002). The QIgG was also highly associated with the Qalb in NMO (p < 0.001). The QIgG may reflect systemic IgG leakage into the CNS and is strongly associated with disability at acute attacks in NMO, suggesting that BBB disruption can aggravate disease activity by facilitating systemic IgG infiltration into the CNS.     

多发性硬化血清麻疹、风疹和水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体水平及临床意义

目的通过检测多发性硬化(Multiple sclerosis,MS)患者血清中麻疹病毒、风疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒的免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)抗体浓度,并进行扩展残疾状态量表(Expanded disability status scale,EDSS)评分,探讨上述病毒在MS发病中的临床意义及其与临床神经功能缺失的相关性。方法收集2013年9月-2015年2月郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科收治的50例MS患者急性期(复发期)的血清标本,其中临床孤立综合征(CIS亚组)22例,复发-缓解型MS(RRMS亚组)28例,对照组收集同一时期我院体检结果正常的37例健康志愿者的血清标本。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附方法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定并比较血清中3种病毒IgG抗体的浓度,分析血清中各病毒抗体水平与EDSS评分的相关性。结果 (1)MS病例组麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体的血清浓度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)CIS亚组患者血清中麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体水平低于RRMS亚组,EDSS评分亦低于RRMS亚组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)MS病例组血清中麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体与EDSS评分无相关性(P0.05)。结论 MS患者血清中的麻疹病毒、风疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒可能不仅与MS的发病相关,而且与疾病的复发有关。     

IgG index in acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy

OBJECTIVES: Etiologic hypotheses in acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (AIPFP) mostly point to an immunologic dysfunction, probably virus-induced. Though various immunologic abnormalities are reported, the problem is still unsolved. We investigated intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in AIPFP as a clue for central nervous system (CNS) immunopathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied IgG index in 24 patients with AIPFP, 10 with other neurological diseases (OND) and 17 with multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF and serum IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion technique. IgG index is calculated according to Tibbling's formula. RESULTS: IgG indexes were abnormal in 6 patients with AIPFP, 3 with OND and 10 with MS patients. There was no statistical difference between AIPFP and OND groups, while marked difference existed between AIPFP and MS groups. CONCLUSION: Though IgG indexes were high in 25% of AIPFP patients, statistical analyses did not show any significance of this finding. Lack of a positive result might reflect non-existence of an extensive immunologic pathology within CNS, excluding a very limited one.     

Determination of CSF guanase activity in multiple sclerosis: a comparative study on various parameters to monitor the disease activity

Forty two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were subjected to determination of CSF guanase activity, CSF IgG concentration, Tibbling's IgG index and Kurtzke's expanded disability status scale (EDSS) together with multimodal evoked potentials (MEPs), which consisted of somatosensory evoked potentials to arm and leg stimulation, visual evoked potential and auditory brainstem response. All patients were divided into active (n = 28) and inactive (n = 14) group, where an "active" was defined as a case revealing a relapse within one month prior to the study. The results were as follows: 1. CSF guanase activity was significantly high in active MS as compared with inactive MS (p less than 0.001), and the same trend was found in CSF IgG concentration (p less than 0.01), but not in IgG index. 2. Abnormal MEP was closely associated with elevated CSF guanase activity in active MS (p less than 0.05), but not in inactive MS. 3. In regard to the disease activity, EDSS was significantly high in active MS as compared with inactive MS (p less than 0.01), and EDSS was also significantly high in abnormal MEP group (p less than 0.001). 4. EDSS was closely correlated with CSF guanase activity in active MS (p less than 0.005), but not in inactive MS. 5. Judging from serial determinations of the parameters in 6 patients, CSF guanase activity, less susceptive to steroid hormone therapy than CSF immunoglobulin level, was found parallel to EDSS, however, both CSF IgG concentration and IgG index failed to correlated with EDSS. In summary, CSF guanase activity was thought to be a sensitive parameter in multiple sclerosis, reflecting not only the disease activity but also spatial involvement in the CNS.     

Intrathecal Ig synthesis. Its detection by isoelectric focusing and IgG index

In a retrospective study on 999 patients, the likelihood ratios of the IgG index, Tourtellotte formula and IgG concentration in CSF and in serum, the albumin concentration in CSF and in serum, and the total protein in CSF, were compared in predicting intrathecal Ig synthesis. This synthesis was detected with isoelectric focusing (IEF). No patient was included more than once in the data collection. All patients with high IgG and other abnormalities in serum, as well as all xanthochromic and blood-tinged CSF specimens, were excluded from the study. Construction of ROC curves established that the IgG index, Tourtellotte formula and CSF IgG yield the same information: these parameters indicate the presence of intrathecal IgG synthesis. The likelihood ratio for the IgG index at a cut-off point of 0.80 for a positive test is 20; at a cut-off point of 0.5 for a negative test it is 5. For the Tourtellotte formula, it was found that the likelihood ratio reached a maximal value of 7 at a cut-off value of synthesis of 10 mg/day for a positive test. For a negative result, the formula had a likelihood ratio of 6 at a cut-off value of -5. For CSF IgG, it was found that the likelihood ratio was 4 for a positive test with a cut-off value of 0.1 g/l. For a negative outcome, the determination of CSF IgG is only meaningful at a very low cut-off value (0.03 g/l). The other parameters studied (serum IgG concentration, albumin concentration in CSF and in serum, and total protein in CSF) showed a likelihood ratio equal to 1. It is concluded that only the IgG index, the Tourtellotte formula and the CSF IgG concentration have predictive value for intrathecal Ig synthesis as recorded with IEF.     

Evidence of axonal damage in the early stages of multiple sclerosis and its relevance to disability

OBJECTIVE: To assess axonal damage and its contribution to disability at different stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND: Recent in vivo imaging and in situ pathologic studies have demonstrated that substantial axonal damage accompanies the inflammatory lesions of MS. However, the relation of axonal damage to the duration of MS and its contribution to disability at different stages of the disease remain poorly defined. DESIGN: We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in 88 patients with a wide range of clinical disability and disease duration to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA, an index of axonal integrity) relative to creatine (Cr) in a large central brain volume that included mostly normal-appearing white matter on magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: We observed that the NAA/Cr values were abnormally low in the early stages of MS, even before significant disability (measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) was evident clinically, and declined more rapidly with respect to EDSS at lower than at higher EDSS scores (P<.001). The correlation of NAA/Cr values with EDSS score was significantly (P<.03) stronger in patients with mild disability (EDSS score <5, Spearman rank order correlation = -0.54, P<.001) than in patients with more severe disability (EDSS score >/=5, Spearman rank order correlation = -0.1, P<.9). When similar analyses were performed in patients with MS grouped for duration of disease, the subgroup with early disease duration (<5 years) also showed central brain NAA/Cr resonance intensity ratios significantly lower than healthy controls (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Cerebral axonal damage begins and contributes to disability from the earliest stages of the disease.     

寡克隆区带和IgG指数对多发性硬化的诊断价值

目的　探讨寡克隆区带 (OCB)和IgG指数对多发性硬化 (MS)诊断的敏感性及特异性。方法　收集 4 8例MS、6 8例神经系统炎性疾病 (NID)及 110例非炎性疾病 (NNID) 3组患者的脑脊液 (CSF)和血清标本 ,分别进行OCB的检测 (等电聚焦 )和IgG指数的计算。并对其阳性结果似然比 (PRLR)进行分析。结果　MS组与NID组比较 ,CSF中OCB阳性率和IgG指数异常率的差异均没有显著性 (均P >0 0 5 ) ;但MS组、NID组与NNID组比较 ,差异均有极显著性 (均P <0 0 0 0 1)。MS组CSF中OCB和IgG指数的敏感性分别为 39 6 %、6 0 4 % ;特异性分别为 80 3%、72 1% ;PRLR分别为 2 0、2 2。当用于判断有无IgG鞘内合成时 ,特异性分别为 97 2 %、92 7% ;PRLR分别为 13 5、7 3。结论　CSF中OCB阳性和IgG指数升高强烈提示有中枢神经系统局部IgG合成 ,对MS有一定的辅助诊断价值     

Intrathecal levels of vitamin D and IgG in multiple sclerosis

Holmøy T, Lossius A, Gundersen TE, Moen SM, Castellazzi M, Fainardi E, Casetta I. Intrathecal levels of vitamin D and IgG in multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: e28–e31.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Background – Intrathecal synthesis of IgG is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D may modulate B‐cell function and dampen the synthesis of IgG. Objective – To investigate the relation between vitamin D levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and intrathecal synthesis of IgG. Methods – 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and IgG were assessed in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in 40 patients with MS. Results – There was no significant correlation between the IgG index and 25(OH)D levels in cerebrospinal fluid or serum. The levels of 25(OH)D in cerebrospinal fluid and serum did not differ between patients with and without intrathecal synthesis of IgG. There was a non‐significant trend towards a positive correlation between the concentrations of 25(OH)D and IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid, but not in serum. Conclusion – Physiological variation in vitamin D does not exert a major impact on intrathecal synthesis of IgG in MS.