十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病17例

目的：探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病的外科诊断和治疗。方法：回顾性分析2004年8月—2010年6月行外科治疗的17例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病患者的临床资料。结果：术前明确诊断12例,误诊率29.4%（5/17）,围手术期无死亡病例。患者行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开取石术2例,行憩室切除或憩室内翻缝合加Oddi括约肌成形术3例,胆总管探查术加毕罗Ⅱ式胃切除术6例,毕罗Ⅱ式胃切除术加胆肠Roux-Y吻合术4例,其中术前及术中均误诊2例,仅行胆总管探查术。憩室内翻缝合术后1例及误诊1例患者,因反复胆管炎发作而再次行胆肠Roux-Y吻合术。误诊1例患者,因反复憩室炎发作而二次行毕罗Ⅱ式胃切除术。毕罗Ⅱ式胃切除术后1例患者,出现胆管炎及憩室炎表现,因患者不能耐受再次手术而行保守治疗。结论：合并胆胰疾病的十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者容易误诊,保持警惕和完善的术前检查可提高确诊率。根据患者的具体病情,选择合理的手术方式是提高疗效的关键。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆道疾病（附18例报告）

目的 十二指肠乳头旁憩室尤其是乳头旁憩室在并发胆道疾病时的临床 诊治问题。方法 对我院近5年收治的18例十二指肠憩室进行分析。总结了憩室合并胆管结石的临床问题,尤其是胆囊胆管术后症状不消失,再发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室,回顾了外科手术问题。结果 十二指肠憩室18例,17例位于乳头旁,2／3以上病例年龄大于50岁。16例（88．89％）并发胆管结石,7例（38．89％）曾行胆囊切除或胆总管切开取石、T管引流术、术后仍有症状,经十二指肠低张造影和／或ERCP检查发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室。16例行不同手术治疗,效果良好。无并发症,无死亡病例。结论 十二指肠乳头旁憩室和胆管结石关系密切;十二指肠低张造影和ERCP检查是确诊本病可靠的方法;当胆道术后仍有症状或反复发生胆总管色素性结石时,应行内镜或十二指肠低张造影检查,以除外十二指肠乳头旁憩室之可能;当憩室有合并症发生时应考虑手术治疗。     

内镜诊断十二指肠乳头旁憩室39例分析

我科自1994年9月～1998年3月行逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）651例，发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室39例，报告如下。1临床资料1．1性别、年龄本组39例中，男16例，女23例，男：女为1：1．4。年龄23～84岁，40岁以下6例，41～50岁2例，50岁以上31例，占79．5％。1．2憩宣部位、数目、大小本组效室全部位于十二指肠降部内侧距乳头2cm以内，位于乳头上方者8例，左上方11例，右上方4例，乳头两侧13例，乳头开口于憩室内3例。憩室开口大小不等，小者0．3X0．3cm，最大1．5X1．5cm，直径0．5cm以下12例，0．5cm～1．0cm20例，1．0cm以上7例。憩室开口多为圆…     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病的诊治

十二指肠乳头旁憩室易诱发复发性胆管炎、胆道结石和胰腺炎等疾病。我院1982年1月至2002年1月共收治十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病39例，临床分析如下。     

ERCP诊断和治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨ERCP诊断和治疗乳头开口于憩室口下缘的十二指肠乳头旁憩室(JPD)合并胆总管结石患者的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年12月第三军医大学新桥医院收治的25例乳头开口于憩室口下缘的JPD合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,运用导丝试插定位法.ERCP确诊后施行EST+网篮和(或)球囊取石+ENBD进行治疗.结果 本组患者中,ERCP造影成功率为100%,(25/25),均为单发憩室,十二指肠乳头开口于憩室口下缘.ERCP治疗成功率为100%(25/25),术后发生胰腺炎3例,胆管炎2例,保守治疗3～5 d后痊愈,无出血和穿孔并发症发生.结论 乳头开口于憩室口下缘的JPD合并胆总管结石患者,采用导丝试插定位法ERCP严格控制切口范围,术后行ENBD,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆胰疾病的关系

目的 探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室(PAD)与胆胰疾病的关系.方法 通过十二指肠镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)镜下观察PAD的特点,分析PAD与胆胰疾病的发病关系.结果 PAD患者发病随年龄增大而升高,PAD患者胆道结石构成比明显高于非PAD组(P<0.001),其中原发性胆总管结石(P=0.004)和胆道探查术后复发性胆总管结石(P=0.022)高于非PAD组.边缘型PAD并发胆道结石高于并列型和包绕型(P=0.028),PAD直径3.0以上并发胆道结石高于PAD直径3.0以下患者(P=0.001).PAD组胰头癌发病率与非PAD组有显著统计学差异(P<0.001).结论 十二指肠乳头旁憩室可能是胆胰疾病的病因之一.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病的手术疗效评价

目的探讨不同术式处理十二指肠乳头旁憩室的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析1982年4月～2001年10月我院治疗的86例合并胆胰疾病的十二指肠乳头旁憩室各种手术方式的远期胆管炎发生率（寿命表法）。结果治疗胆胰疾病而未处理憩室45例，胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术9例，胃大部切除、胃空肠吻合术11例，憩室敞开联合Oddi括约肌成形术13例，其5年胆管炎发生概率分别为52．0％、40．0％、75．0％和66．7％，其他术式8例；各种处理方式其5年胆管炎发生率差异无显著性（x^2=1．49，P=0．8287）。结论无乳头狭窄的乳头旁憩室，仅须治疗胆胰疾病，可暂时不处理憩室；若术后出现胆管炎而无法用胆道疾病解释，根据病人的具体情况和医生的临床经验，采取的个体化手术治疗方案，其5年胆管炎发生率无明显差异。     

ERCP在复发性胰腺炎伴十二指肠乳头旁憩室中的应用

目的 探讨ERCP在复发性胰腺炎伴十二指肠乳头旁憩室诊治中的应用价值. 方法 对本组33例患者进行ERCP诊断治疗. 结果 成功行ERCP 31例,EST 25例,内镜取石15例,ENBD 20例,胆胰管内支架4例,均取得良好的减压引流作用,无严重并发症. 结论 复发性胰腺炎通过ERCP检查常发现合并有十二指肠乳头旁憩室,EST、气囊/网篮取石、ENBD及胆、胰管内支架引流可有效控制胰腺炎的发展、降低胰腺炎的复发率,熟练的ERCP技术是有效治疗的重要保证.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室并发胆胰疾患30例分析

十二指肠乳头旁憩室并发胆胰疾患３０例分析靳殿功郑显理崔乃强天津市南开医院（天津３００１００）十二指肠乳头旁憩室是上消化道较常见的病变。随着十二指肠镜及ＥＲＣＰ检查技术的开展与普及，确诊的病例越来越多，并发现与胆胰疾患关系密切。现将我科１９９０～１９９...     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影所致十二指肠穿孔6例诊治分析

目的 回顾性研究探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）所致十二指肠穿孔的预防、诊断和治疗。 方法 对2006年1月至2010年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院普外科6例ERCP相关十二指肠穿孔的临床资料进行分析,探讨合理的诊治方法。 结果 6例穿孔病人中术前证实胆总管结石5例,胰头占位性病变致阻塞性黄疸1例。3例实施了十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）,术后留置鼻胆管,2例插管失败,其中1例做了预切开后插管仍未成功;另1例为进镜过程中导致十二指肠憩室穿孔。2例保守观察治疗者均治愈;4例手术治疗,3例痊愈,1例死亡。 结论 术后严密观察、及时诊断并根据不同穿孔情况采取恰当的个体化治疗,可有效降低ERCP相关穿孔所造成的危险。     

Surgical Management of Failed Endoscopic Treatment of Pancreatic Disease

Introduction  Endoscopic therapy of acute and chronic pancreatitis has decreased the need for operative intervention. However, a significant proportion of patients treated endoscopically require definitive surgical management for persistent symptoms. Objective  Our aim was to determine which patients are likely to fail with endoscopic therapy, and to assess the clinical outcome of surgical management. Patients were identified using ICD-9 codes for pancreatic disease as well as CPT codes for endoscopic therapy followed by surgery. Material and Methods  Patients with documented acute or chronic pancreatitis treated endoscopically prior to surgical therapy were included (N = 88). The majority of patients (65%) exhibited chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse. Common indicators for surgery were: persistent symptoms, anatomy not amenable to endoscopic treatment and unresolved common bile duct or pancreatic duct strictures. Surgical salvage procedures included internal drainage of a pseudocyst or an obstructed pancreatic duct (46%), debridement of peripancreatic fluid collections (25%), and pancreatic resection (31%). Results  Death occurred in 3% of patients. The most common complications were hemorrhage (16%), wound infection (13%), and pulmonary complications (11%). Chronic pancreatitis with persistent symptoms is the most common reason for pancreatic surgery following endoscopic therapy. Surgical salvage therapy can largely be accomplished by drainage procedures, but pancreatic resection is common. Conclusion  These complex procedures can be performed with acceptable mortality but also with significant risk for morbidity. Presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, CA, May 21, 2008.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆结石的关系（附92例分析）

目的 探讨十二指肠憩室在胆结石发病中的作用。方法 回顾性分析广州市番禺中心医院行逆行胰胆管造影检查的462例患者,其中合并乳头憩室92例（憩室组）,无合并乳头憩室370例（非憩室组）。分析比较两组患者年龄、胆结石的发病率、结石发生部位及结石成分方面的差异。结果 本组462例患者中,憩室组92例,占19.9%。憩室组平均年龄61.8岁,明显高于非憩室组(61.8 vs 51.2岁,P<0.O1),且憩室发生率随年龄的增大而增高(P<0.01)。本组发现患者中,72例十二指肠憩室合并胆结石,憩室合并胆结石发生率78.3%,而非憩室组370例中仅97例合并胆结石,占26.2%。十二指肠憩室组并结石的发生率明显高于非憩室组。本组中乳头旁憩室胆结石发生率明显高于乳头周围型憩室者,有显著性差异。乳头旁憩室患者的原发性胆总管结石发生率明显高于继发性胆总管结石及胆囊结石,且结石成分主要为胆色素结石。结论 十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者胆结石发病率显著增高,且主要与原发性胆总管结石相关。     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in conjunction with laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Summary Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the primary surgical treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis. In conjunction with the dramatic rise in LC there has been an increase in the number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) performed. For this study, the records of patients referred to the surgical endoscopy department between January 1991 and February 1992 were reviewed. Seventy-seven ERCPs were performed in conjunction with LC. The indications for ERCP included jaundice or a history of jaundice, gallstone pancreatitis, a suspicious filling defect on either ultrasound or intraoperative cholangiogram, abnormal liver function tests, cholangitis, or postoperative bile leak. Sixty-two procedures were performed prior to LC and 15 procedures after LC. Forty-two patients were female (54.5%) and the patients ages ranged from 14 to 92 years (mean 54.1 years). Of the 62 patients having ERCP preoperatively 35 patients (56.5%) had no evidence of common bile duct (CBD) stones and underwent LC as planned. Twenty-three patients were found to have CBD stones, of which six were referred for an open cholecystectomy and CBD exploration, because of large multiple CBD stones or the presence of a large duodenal diverticulum. Seventeen patients had their CBD cleared endoscopically, and four patients were not successfully cannulated.Fifteen patients had ERCP after LC. There were two patients with CBD injuries who were referred for surgical correction. Two patients had leakage from the cystic duct stump, and four patients had CBD stones, all of whom were successfully treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. There were four patients who had a normal postoperative ERCP and two patients who could not have their CBD cannulated.There were no mortalities, but there were four cases of complications. Two patients had bleeding after stone extractions, and they required blood transfusions. One patient developed cholangitis from stenosis of the papilla after an endoscopic sphincterotomy, and one patient developed pancreatitis which resolved with conservative treatment. There is an increasing role for ERCP and sphincterotomy in patients undergoing LC. ERCP carries an inherent morbidity and therefore routine ERCP is not justified. However, with the proper suspicion of CBD stones a preoperative ERCP is indicated prior to a planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for prevention of the recurrence of acute biliary pancreatitis in patients with gallbladder in situ: long-term follow-up of 88 patients

Background Endoscopic sphincterotomy without cholecystectomy is a therapeutic option in selected patients after acute biliary pancreatitis. We conducted a prospective evaluation of the long-term effects of sphincterotomy in terms of the need for of subsequent cholecystectomy and the recurrence of gallstone pancreatitis.Methods We studied 88 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis and an intact gallbladder who, underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy either because they were high-risk candidates for surgery or because they had refused of cholecystectomy. The median follow-up was 51 months (range, 5–86).Results Only two patients (2.2%) experienced recurrent pancreatitis. Subsequent cholecystectomy was performed in 10 patients because of acute cholecystitis in eight cases and biliary colic in two cases. Sixty-six patiens (75%) remained asymptomatic.Conclusions Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a safe and acceptable alternative to cholecystectomy for the prevention of recurring attacks of gallstone pancreatitis. As a result of this procedure, 75% of patients remained free of symptoms in the long term.     

内镜下胆管引流术治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的 探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）加鼻胆管引流（ENBD）、塑料支架置入引流（ERBD）或金属支架置入引流（EMBE）治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效比较。方法 136例恶性胆道梗阻患者,分为：ENBD组、ERBD组和EMBE组,观察各组疗效、支架通畅时间及生存时间。结果 三组总体置管成功率95.4%;治疗1周内肝功能及临床症状较术前明显好转,引流总体有效率为91.0%;并发症发生率为5.4%。ERBD组平均通畅时间（88.0±21.9）d,EMBE组平均通畅时间（200.6±46.6）d,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.0 1）;ERBD组平均生存时间（215.4±111.3）d,EMBE组平均生存时间（271.8±100.8）d,两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 经ERCP对恶性胆道梗阻患者给予鼻胆管引流及支架置入是一种安全有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

十二指肠乳头内生性腺瘤内镜下诊断与治疗（附8例报告）

目的探讨十二指肠乳头内生性腺瘤的内镜下诊治方法。方法2005年6月～2008年10月对8例B超、MRCP影像学检查提示胆总管及肝内胆管不同程度的扩张,乳头开口及下段狭窄,进一步行ERCP及IDUS检查,发现病变并予以治疗。结果2例绒毛管状腺瘤伴上皮中度不典型增生及1例管状腺瘤行胰十二指肠乳头切除术：1例绒毛管状腺瘤术后病理局部癌变,3个月后肝转移行介入化疗及栓塞2次,16个月全身复查未见异常;1例管状腺瘤伴上皮中度不典型增生者术后病理局部印戒细胞癌,术后6、14个月随访全身复查未见异常。1例管状乳头状腺瘤行十二指肠乳头内镜下切除术后置入胆管支架内引流,6个月后复发并癌变,术后10个月死亡;1例绒毛管状腺瘤伴上皮中度不典型增生行十二指肠乳头内镜下切除术后置入胆管支架内引流,术后6、12个月复查未见异常;1例绒毛管状腺瘤伴上皮中度不典型增生术后病理与术前相同,且切除干净,未随访。1例绒毛状管状腺瘤伴高级上皮内瘤变,胆道塑料支架置入术,术后4个月反复胆道感染,内镜下更换为金属支架。1例乳头状腺瘤置入胆管支架内引流,术后失访。1例管状腺瘤拒绝治疗,电话至12个月随访无异常不适。结论十二指肠乳头内生性腺瘤临床罕见,且易于癌变,对乳头切开后黏膜层及肌层增厚的患者尤其有增生性病变者应常规多点取活检,避免乳头内腺瘤及恶性变病灶的遗漏,并对相关病灶及时内镜下或手术治疗。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影相关穿孔诊治分析

目的 探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）所致消化道穿孔的诊疗策略和经验教训。方法 回顾性分析我院2005年3月至2015年12月收治的10例ERCP相关消化道穿孔病例的Stapfer分型、穿孔原因、并发症、治疗措施和术后住院时间,总结不同Stapfer分型消化道穿孔的诊治经验。结果 Stapfer I型穿孔2例,均行手术治疗预后较好。Stapfer II型穿孔7例,4例行保守治疗成功,平均术后住院时间19 d;3例ERCP后24 h之内行手术治疗,平均术后住院28 d。Stapfer III型穿孔1例,为胰管穿孔,放置胰管支架术后仍并发重症胰腺炎,术后18 d行胰腺炎清创术,病理确诊为胆囊癌,家属放弃治疗,于术后57 d死亡。结论 CT检查有助于ERCP相关穿孔的早期诊断,依据患者的一般情况及穿孔的Stapfer分型制订个体化治疗可获得较为理想的预后。