常规分割三维适形放疗结合介入治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效

目的肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓预后极差,本研究的目的是评价常规分割三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效.方法对32例不能手术切除的肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓患者采用三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,三维适形放射治疗采用DT2 Gy/次,5次/周;根据肿瘤体积大小,给予DT45 Gy～60 Gy/23～30次,对于肿瘤体积比较大,不能耐受高剂量放射治疗的病人,在肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓达到处方剂量后,缩野针对门静脉癌栓加量至DT60 Gy/30次.观察近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用COX比例风险模型作多因素分析.结果原发灶肿瘤缓解率68.8%,门静脉癌栓缓解率87.5%,1、2、3年累积生存率分别是56.3%、31.3%、21.9%,中位生存期15个月.多因素分析显示卡氏评分、Child分级是影响预后的主要因素(P＜0.05).血清转氨酶升高和放射性肝损伤是常见的并发症.结论常规分割三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓有较好的疗效,肝功能Child分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素.     

TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的:分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)结合三维适形放射治疗对原发性肝癌(HCC)并门静脉癌栓(PVVT)的疗效。方法:2004年10月至2009年10月,共收治32例HCC合并PVVT患者,采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗,观察肿瘤及癌栓的近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型作多因素分析。结果:原发灶肿瘤近期有效率71.9%,癌栓有效率为81.3%。平均生存时间为20.63±1.23个月,中位生存时间为19.0±1.02个月。多因素分析显示肿瘤分期、癌栓类型、肝功Child-Pugh分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论:TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌合并PVTT疗效好,损伤小,易耐受,是治疗HCC合并PVTT有效治疗方法。     

TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的：分析肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）结合三维适形放射治疗对原发性肝癌（HCC）并门静脉癌栓（PVVT）的疗效。方法：2004年10月至2009年10月,共收治32例HCC合并PVVT患者,采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗,观察肿瘤及癌栓的近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型作多因素分析。结果：原发灶肿瘤近期有效率71.9%,癌栓有效率为81.3%。平均生存时间为20.63±1.23个月,中位生存时间为19.0±1.02个月。多因素分析显示肿瘤分期、癌栓类型、肝功Child-Pugh分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素（P〈0.05）。结论：TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌合并PVTT疗效好,损伤小,易耐受,是治疗HCC合并PVTT有效治疗方法。     

介入治疗联合三维适形放疗治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓疗效观察

目的评价三维适形放射治疗结合经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效。方法对36例不能手术切除的肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓患者,采用三维适形放射治疗结合经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞进行治疗,放射治疗采用常规分割,总量介于36～60 Gy之间,观察近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果肿瘤缓解率为47.2%,1,2,3年累积生存率分别是55.5%、38.9%和22.2%,中位生存期11.2个月。放射性肝炎是最常见的并发症。结论介入治疗联合三维适形放疗治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓有较好的疗效。对何种治疗剂量较为合适以及治疗方法先后顺序的选择,还需进一步探讨。     

大剂量分割三维适形放疗对原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的疗效

目的观察大剂量分割三维适形放疗（3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT）对不能手术切除的原发性肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）门静脉癌栓（portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT）的疗效。方法对56例不能手术切除的HCC伴PVTT患者,根据肿瘤体积大小行大剂量分割3DCRT,放疗剂量为4～8Gy,每周3次,48～58Gy,3.0～3.5周完成。大体肿瘤靶区（GTV）包括癌栓及靠近的原发灶,90%等剂量曲线覆盖计划靶区（PTV）。结果有效率（CR＋PR）为58.9%（33/56）,1、2年生存率分别为47.4%和17.5%。患者耐受性好,无严重放疗并发症。结论大剂量分割3DCRT对HCC合并PVTT有较好的疗效。     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗伴门静脉癌栓的临床观察

目的观察三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效。方法 50例不能手术切除的PHC伴PVTT患者随机分为2组,A组根据癌栓位置先行TACE治疗1~2次,1~4周后行3DCRT,或先行3DCRT,1~2周后再行TACE治疗1~2次;B组仅行TACE治疗1~2次。大体肿瘤体积(GTV)仅包括癌栓,照射剂量为40~50 Gy,单次剂量为2~3 Gy,5次/周。比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果 A组1年生存率为28%,中位生存时间为10.3个月,有效率(CR+PR)为36%;B组1年生存率为24%,中位生存时间10.0个月,有效率为24%;P>0.05。结论3DCRT联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌伴PVTT疗效略优于TACE,但无统计学差异。     

86例原发性肝癌三维适形放疗的临床观察

目的分析三维适形放疗（3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT）在原发性肝癌治疗中的效果和放射损伤情况。方法接受3DCRT的86例原发性肝癌中,男51例,女35例,中位年龄47岁。合并门脉癌栓（PVTT）26例,无PVTT60例。根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级,A级63例,B级23例,每次分割剂量6～7Gy,照射次数7～15次,肿瘤剂量38～74Gy,隔日1次。结果 3例患者3DCRT后3个月内死亡,诊断为放射性肝病。总有效率（CR＋PR）为62.8%（54/86）,1,2,3年生存率分别为68.4%、42.7%和28.3%。PVTT、PTV、TACE、Child-Pugh分级对预后的影响有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。放射性肝损伤5例,食欲不振、恶心6例,上消化道出血2例,疲乏无力16例。结论 3DCRT治疗原发性肝癌有很好的疗效,放射损伤在可接受范围内。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的预后影响因素分析

背景与目的：经肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)是否为治疗原发性肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）合并门静脉癌栓（portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT）的绝对禁忌,目前尚无定论。该研究旨在探讨TACE联合射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）治疗HCC合并PVTT的预后影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月1日—2013年12月31日于郑州大学附属肿瘤医院行TACE联合RFA治疗的HCC合并PVTT的157例患者的临床资料及随访数据,单因素及多因素Cox回归分析人口学资料、实验室指标及临床资料与生存时间和肿瘤转移复发情况的关系。结果：多因素Cox回归结果显示,在调整和控制其他因素后,血清白蛋白（albumin,ALB）水平为TACE联合RFA治疗后HCC合并PVTT患者3年生存及降低肿瘤复发转移风险的保护性因素,术前甲胎蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein,AFP）、丙氨酸转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天门冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）水平、门静脉癌栓部位及肝功能Child Pugh分级为患者3年生存的独立危险因素;AFP、AST水平及门静脉癌栓部位为肿瘤复发转移的独立危险因素。结论：TACE联合RFA并非治疗HCC合并PVTT的绝对禁忌,在治疗前对患者进行相关因素评估有助于更好地选择治疗方法和时机,从而提高HCC治疗水平。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞结合三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌

目的:评价肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)结合三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)对原发性肝癌(PHC)的疗效。方法:将124例原发性肝癌患者分为两组,对照组60例,仅给予TACE;观察组64例,先行TACE后给予3DCRT,观察疗效及生存率,并以Cox回归模型分析预后因素。结果:治疗后3个月肿瘤局部控制率观察组为89.1%(57/64),对照组为71.7%(43/60),1、2、3年生存率观察组分别为90.6%、53.1%、26.6%,对照组分别为66.7%、46.7%、18.3%。多因素分析显示Child分级、临床分期、门静脉癌栓、肿瘤数目及总剂量对患者生存率的影响具有统计学意义。结论:TACE结合3DCRT是治疗PHC的有效无创治疗手段。     

原发性肝癌大分割三维适形放疗的预后因素分析

目的评价大分割三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)对原发性肝癌的疗效,探讨其预后影响因素。方法对128例原发性肝癌进行大分割3DCRT。按UICC/AJCC分期,T3期83例,T4期45例,均为N0。合并有门脉癌栓(PVTT)34例,无PVTT94例。根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级,A级108例,B级20例。大体肿瘤体积(GTV)为(458.92±429.8)cm3,中位值304.5cm3;每次分割剂量4~8Gy,照射次数7~15次;肿瘤剂量38~74Gy,每周3次,隔日一次。结果7例患者大分割3DCRT后3个月内死亡,诊断为放射性肝病,未能评价疗效。总有效(CR+PR)率为55.4%(67/121),1,2,3年生存率分别为65.0%、43.3%和33.1%。T分期、GTV、PVTT和Child-Pugh分级对预后的影响有统计学意义(P均<0.01),GTV和Child-Pugh分级是独立的预后因子(P=0.044和0.015,RR=1.001和2.528)。结论UICC/AJCCT分期和PVTT对肝癌大分割3DCRT的生存率有影响,GTV和Child-Pugh分级是独立预后因子。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的预后因素分析

目的：探讨影响肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌预后的相关因素,为原发性肝癌患者选择个体化治疗方案及估计预后提供参考。方法：回顾性分析2003年6月-2012年6月石河子大学医学院第一附属医院实施肝动脉化疗栓塞的153例患者的临床资料及随访数据,生存分析采用生命表法,相关因素分析行 Log -rank 检验,多因素分析采用 Cox 模型,筛选出影响预后的因素。结果：随访至2013年6月30日153例患者失访15例（9.8%）,原发性肝癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞后1、3、5年生存率分别为55.92%、31.02%、21.18%。单因素分析结果显示肝功能分级、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、门脉癌栓及治疗次数是影响预后的因素;Cox 风险回归分析显示肝功能分级、肿瘤数目、门脉癌栓及治疗次数是影响预后的独立因素（P <0.05）。结论：肝功能分级、肿瘤数目、门脉癌栓为影响原发性肝癌介入治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗次数是影响预后的保护性因素。     

Treatment of portal vein tumor thrombosis of hepatoma patients with either stereotactic radiotherapy or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often have unresectable tumors. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the limited alternative treatments that can prolong these patients' survival. However, the presence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a contraindication for TACE and, therefore, HCC patients with PVTT would be depleted of the advantage of TACE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the recanalization rate of thrombosed portal vein and treatment toxicities after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). METHODS: From March 2002 to November 2004, 43 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Twenty-two patients were in the SRT group and 21 in the 3DCRT group. For SRT, 3 Gy per fraction, 3 fractions per week, was given to a total dose of 45 Gy. For 3DCRT, a daily dose of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week, was given to a total dose of 45 Gy. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 16 completed the planned radiotherapy. Eventually, 14 patients received evaluation for portal vein recanalization, 8 in the SRT and 6 in the 3DCRT group, respectively. For all patients, the crude response rate was 26%. For 14 evaluable patients, the crude response rate was 79%. It was 75% in the SRT group and 83% in the 3DCRT group (P = 0.71). The median survival time was 6.0 and 6.7 months for the SRT and 3DCRT group, respectively (P = 0.911). CONCLUSIONS: Image-based radiotherapy, either SRT or 3DCRT, can recanalize the PVTT in unresectable HCC patients. Responders also had better 1 year and 2 year survivals. A more strict patient selection criterion may maximize the potential benefits of radiotherapy for hepatoma patients with PVTT.     

不同分割法三维适形放疗联合TACE治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的临床观察

目的:观察低分割三维适形放疗和常规分割三维适形放疗联合TACE(transcatheter arterial chemoem-bolization)对不能手术切除的原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTr)的治疗效果.方法:74例不能手术切除的存在门静脉癌栓的患者,先行1-2次TACE术后,随机分为2组.A组:低分割组(38例)大体肿瘤靶区(GTV)只包括癌栓,总剂量48-55 Gy,4-5Gy/次,3次/周,3-4周.B组:常规分割组(36例),GTV也只包括癌栓,总剂量54-60Gy,1.8-2.0Gy/次,5次/周,6-7周.比较两组的疗效及不良反应.结果:低分割组CR 6例,PR 10例,有效率约(CR+PR)42.1％,常规分割组CR 5例,PR 13例,有效率约50％,1,2年生存率低分割组46.4％,17.8％,常规分割组41.6％,22.2％.结论:低分割组及常规分割组对TACE术后门静脉癌栓的疗效相当,低分割组较常规分割组治疗的不良反应增加.两组不良反应均能耐受.     

Prospective trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: We conducted a prospective trial of combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of this trial regime. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with unresectable HCC complicated with tumor thrombus in the first branch of portal vein were selected as eligible for this study. TACE was performed using Lipiodol, epirubicin hydrochloride, and mitomycin, followed by gelatin sponge cubes. The 3D-CRT was performed targeting the clinical target volume (CTV) defined as PVTT only to a total dose of 60 Gy using 10-MV accelerator. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were enrolled in this study. Survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 40.6% and 10.2%, respectively. The median survival time was 7.0 months. An objective response was observed in 11 of 19 cases (57.9%). Recanalization of the first portal branches was not observed; however, the protrusion of PVTT into the main portal trunk decreased in all cases. Growth of intrahepatic metastasis outside the 3D-CRT field was observed in 12 cases (63%). Deterioration of the Child-Pugh Score was observed in 5 of 6 cases with the percent volume of the total liver receiving a dose exceeding 30 Gy (V(30)) > or =40%, vs. 2 of 13 cases with a V(30) <40% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This combined therapy was feasible. Our results indicate that V(30) was a predictive test for deterioration of liver function. Further investigation of treatment modalities is needed to prevent the growth of intrahepatic metastasis.     

Pilot study of local radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) generally have a poor prognosis. We therefore conducted a prospective pilot trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and local radiotherapy (RT) for PVTT in unresectable HCC. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of this preliminary trial regime and to explore RT guidelines for cirrhosis. METHODS: Eight patients with unresectable HCC accompanied by first branch PVTT were entered into the study from February 1998 to December 1999. TACE was performed using Lipiodol, epirubicin hydrochloride and mytomycin followed by gelatin sponge cubes. RT was started 10-14 days following TACE. A total delivered dose of 60 Gy was given as daily 2 Gy fractions, with the clinical target volume defined as PVTT only. We observed a relationship between deterioration of liver function and the percent volume of the total liver receiving a dose exceeding 30 Gy (V30). RESULTS: An objective response was observed in three of the eight patients. However, on follow-up angiograms the protrusion of PVTT into the main portal trunk was decreased in all cases. Deterioration of liver function was observed in all patients with V30 >40%. CONCLUSION: It is possible that this combined therapy prevents PVTT from spreading to the main trunk and that indicates a further benefit of TACE. Our results indicate that V30 constitutes a predictive test for the development of liver failure. More detailed evaluations of liver function and determination of the safe irradiation volume are necessary.