银杏叶提取物治疗老年痴呆症

目的：对近年来银杏叶提取物治疗老年痴呆症作以总结，以阐明其对老年痴呆症患者的干预作用。资料来源：应用计算机检索数据库MEDLINE 1966-01／2005-02有关银杏叶提取物药理作用及其治疗老年痴呆症的文章，检索词为“ginkgo biloba extract，dementia”，限定文章语言种类为English。同时检索了中文医学期刊全文数据库1994-01／2004—12及万方数据库2003-01／2005-02有关银杏叶提取物药理作用及其治疗老年痴呆症的文章，检索词为“银杏叶提取物，痴呆”，限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择：对资料进行初审，选取包括银杏叶提取物与老年痴呆症的动物实验和临床研究文章。质量评价主要考察资料的真实性，实施过程是否严密。关于重复实验的多篇文章，选取样本量较大的文章予以纳入。资料提炼：共检索到24篇中文和94篇英文，选取较新的或经典的探讨银杏叶提取物药理作用及其治疗老年痴呆症的文章共28篇。资料综合：①银杏叶提取物具有清除自由基、保护血管内皮细胞，防止脂质过氧化对细胞膜的损伤；减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤，抗脑缺血、脑水肿，改善脑功能等作用。②银杏叶提取物能加速神经冲动的传导，易化突触传递，从而有利于信息获得、记忆巩固和再现，提示其能改善痴呆患者的学习记忆障碍。③银杏叶提取物能拮抗引起神经元坏死的淀粉样B蛋白，提高全血Bcl-2水平，抑制细胞凋亡，有利于改善老年痴呆患者的认知功能。结论：应用银杏叶提取物治疗老年痴呆症，能显著改善痴呆患者的认知功能和日常生活能力，并延缓痴呆的进展。     

银杏叶提取物对老年性疾病的治疗作用

目的：介绍近几年银杏叶提取物治疗老年病的概况，为其进一步的临床应用和科研设计提供参考资料。资料来源：检索清华全文数据库1994—01／2005—10关于银杏叶提取物和老年疾病、心脑血管相关的文章，限定文章语言种类为中文，检索词“银杏叶提取物，老年，心脑血管”。资料选择：对资料进行初审，选取包括处理组和对照组的文献，筛除明显不随机的研究，对剩余的文献开始查找全文。纳入标准为：①随机对照研究。②实验或临床研究包含平行对照组。③处理组为应用银杏叶制剂。排除标准：重复性研究。资料提炼：共收集到221篇关于银杏叶提取物治疗老年性疾病的随机和未随机研究文章，25个动物实验或临床研究符合纳入标准。排除的196篇文章，175篇为未随机研究或重复性研究，21篇为综述类文章。资料综合：25个试验包括约1099例患者和355只实验动物，证实了银杏叶提取物在糖尿病治疗方面具有调节血脂水平，从而改善胰岛抵抗作用；在高血压方面有效地改善老年高血压患者的高凝状态并改善血液流变性；在心脑血管方面能保护缺血性心肌，提高大鼠脑去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺含量，可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达，下调Bax蛋白表达，对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用，能够明显改善脑梗死伴糖尿病患者的各项血液流变学特性；在抗衰老、老年痴呆方面能保护脑组织ATP酶的活性，抑制氧自由基对线粒体核糖核酸的损害而延缓老年大鼠脑衰老的进程，改善老龄大鼠的学习和记忆功能。银杏叶提取物已用于高血压、糖尿病、脑衰老、老年痴呆、心脑血管等疾病的治疗；无副性事件报道。结论：银杏叶提取物是一种很有前途和价值的药物，在老年病的治疗领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

银杏叶提取物对老年性疾病的治疗作用

目的介绍近几年银杏叶提取物治疗老年病的概况,为其进一步的临床应用和科研设计提供参考资料.资料来源检索清华全文数据库1994-01/2005-10.关于银杏叶提取物和老年疾病、心脑血管相关的文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词"银杏叶提取物,老年,心脑血管".资料选择对资料进行初审,选取包括处理组和对照组的文献,筛除明显不随机的研究,对剩余的文献开始查找全文.纳入标准为①随机对照研究.②实验或临床研究包含平行对照组.③处理组为应用银杏叶制剂.排除标准重复性研究.资料提炼共收集到221篇关于银杏叶提取物治疗老年性疾病的随机和未随机研究文章,25个动物实验或临床研究符合纳入标准.排除的196篇文章,175篇为未随机研究或重复性研究,2l篇为综述类文章.资料综合25个试验包括约1 099例患者和355只实验动物,证实了银杏叶提取物在糖尿病治疗方面具有调节血脂水平,从而改善胰岛抵抗作用;在高血压方面有效地改善老年高血压患者的高凝状态并改善血液流变性;在心脑血管方面能保护缺血性心肌,提高大鼠脑去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺含量,可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用,能够明显改善脑梗死伴糖尿病患者的各项血液流变学特性;在抗衰老、老年痴呆方面能保护脑组织ATP酶的活性,抑制氧自由基对线粒体核糖核酸的损害而延缓老年大鼠脑衰老的进程,改善老龄大鼠的学习和记忆功能.银杏叶提取物已用于高血压、糖尿病、脑衰老、老年痴呆、心脑血管等疾病的治疗;无副性事件报道.结论银杏叶提取物是一种很有前途和价值的药物,在老年病的治疗领域中具有广阔的应用前景.     

银杏叶提取物对实验性脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨银杏叶提取物(extract of leave ginkgo biloba，EGb)对脊髓继发性损伤的保护作用，并与甲基强地松龙(methylprednisolone，MP)进行对照。方法：实验于2004—06／08在武汉大学人民医院实验动物中心完成。SD大鼠54只，以改良Allen氏法制备脊髓挫伤模型，随机分为3组。测定不同药物处理后12，24h脊髓组织线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(supemxide dismutase，SOD)活性和丙二醛浓度以及微循环指标改变，光镜观察用药后1周EGb对病理学改变的影响。结果：EGb处理后脊髓组织丙二醛浓度明显低于各时相点对照组，SOD活性显著升高(P&;lt;0．05)，与MP治疗组无明显差异(P&;gt;0．05)。微循环指标也有所改善。病理检查发现EGb治疗组空泡变性范围减小，炎症反应较轻。结论：EGb可以缓解脂质过氧化反应，防止微血栓形成，具有脊髓保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物对实验性脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(extractofleaveginkgobiloba,EGb)对脊髓继发性损伤的保护作用,并与甲基强地松龙(methylprednisolone,MP)进行对照。方法:实验于2004-06/08在武汉大学人民医院实验动物中心完成。SD大鼠54只,以改良Allen氏法制备脊髓挫伤模型,随机分为3组。测定不同药物处理后12,24h脊髓组织线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛浓度以及微循环指标改变,光镜观察用药后1周EGb对病理学改变的影响。结果:EGb处理后脊髓组织丙二醛浓度明显低于各时相点对照组,SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),与MP治疗组无明显差异(P>0.05)。微循环指标也有所改善。病理检查发现EGb治疗组空泡变性范围减小,炎症反应较轻。结论:EGb可以缓解脂质过氧化反应,防止微血栓形成,具有脊髓保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物联合胞二磷胆碱治疗血管性痴呆临床观察

目的：观察银杏叶提取物联合胞二磷胆碱治疗血管性痴呆的疗效和安全性。方法：试验组给予银杏注射液及胞二磷胆碱静滴,14 d后口服金纳多片90 d;对照组采用脑复康注射液0.8 g,血栓通注射液静滴,14 d之后改为脑复康90 d。结果：两组治疗前后MMSE和ADL评分及治疗后的MMSE、ADL评分比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,显效率比较差异亦有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：银杏叶提取物与胞二磷胆碱联用疗效确切、安全、不良反应少。     

银杏叶提取物对神经细胞凋亡的影响

随着世界人口老龄化的发展及神经系统疾病发病率的升高,对神经系统具有保护作用的临床药物的研究正日益受到人们的重视,银杏叶提取物便是其中之一。因其具有多种药理作用且不良反应少而引起了医学研究人员的重视且在临床得到广泛的应用。文章主要就近年来对银杏叶提取物影响神经细胞凋亡的各方面研究简要做一综述。     

银杏叶提取物抗脑缺血作用的研究进展

缺血性脑血管病是一种多发病、常见病 ,其发病机理与血小板活化因子 (PAF)、自由基、兴奋性氨基酸、钙超载和一氧化氮 (NO)等密切相关。银杏是中国传统的名贵中药 ,银杏叶用作药物在我国已有 5 0 0 0 a的历史 ,本草纲目记载有敛肺气、定喘嗽、止带浊、缩小便等功效 ,近代中医建议用银杏叶和果实治疗心脏病和肺病。自 2 0世纪 6 0年代以来国内外学者对银杏的化学成分、药理作用及其应用作了大量的研究工作。 2 0世纪 80年代又在多种缺血模型上发现 ,银杏叶提取物 (Ginkgo biloba ex-tract,EGb)具有明显延长缺血动物存活时间、抗脑水肿、…     

银杏叶提取物新配方对高脂血症大鼠的干预效应

背景：调脂治疗在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的一、二级预防中的作用已得到充分肯定，银杏叶提取物具有一定的降脂作用。 目的：建立高脂大鼠模型，观察银杏叶提取物新配方（由银杏总黄酮和银杳内酯组成）对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的干预及肝脏脂肪变性程度。 设计：随机对照观察。 单位：复旦大学附属金山医院心内科，苏州大学药学系，苏州中药研究所。 材料：选取清洁级SD大鼠60只。适应性饲养1周后。随机分成6组：正常对照组、高脂模型组、力平脂25mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杏叶提取物新配方20mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杳叶提取物新配方40mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杏叶提取物新配方80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组，10只／组。方法：力平脂25mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杏叶提取物新配方20mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杏叶提取物新配方40mg／（kg&;#183;d）组、银杏叶提取物新配方80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组均以10mL／kg体积于每天上午9：00-10：00灌服给药，正常对照组和高脂模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水灌服。除正常对照组外，其余各组大鼠于每天下午1-00-2：00同时以10mL／kg体积灌服脂肪乳剂，连续28d。第29天各组分别测定血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清载脂蛋白AI、血清载脂蛋白B。同时取出各组大鼠肝脏进行病理检查，观察肝脏脂肪变性程度。主要观察指标：造模后各组大鼠的血脂情况以及肝脏脂肪变性程度。 结果：实验选用大鼠60只。均进入结果分析。①造模后各组大鼠血脂情况的比较：高脂模型组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显增加，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低，与正常对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01），但血清三酰甘油仅有轻度升高（P〉0．05）；银杏叶提取物新配方20～80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组均可不同程度地抑制大鼠高脂血症的形成。表现为血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均明显降低（P〈0．05或0．01），并有一定升高岛密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清载脂蛋白AI及降低血清载脂蛋白B的作用。其中银杏叶提取物新配方80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组最为显著（P〈0．05）。②造模后各组大鼠肝脏脂肪变性程度的比较：高脂模型组大鼠的肝病理检查可见弥漫性脂肪空泡；银杏叶提取物新配方40，80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组大鼠肝脂肪变性程度有一定的减轻，尤以银杏叶提取物新配方80mg／（kg&;#183;d）组效果明显。 结论：提示银杏叶提取物新配方可有效地纠正高脂血症的脂质代谢，对高脂饮食所致的高脂血症具有良好的预防作用。     

银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆大鼠海马胆碱能纤维的影响

背景银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠的记忆功能及海马胆碱能纤维的影响,是目前国内外研究的热点,具有重大理论意义.目的研究银杏叶提取物对VD的治疗作用及其机制.设计随机对照实验研究.地点和对象实验在华中科技大学同济医学院神经生物学教研室完成.实验动物采用纯种雄性Wistar大白鼠49只,体质量220～280 g(华中科技大学实验动物中心供给).干预成年Wistar雄性大鼠49只随机分为假手术组(n=9)、VD模型组(n=40).用避暗试验测定假手术组和VD模型组手术7 d后的学习、记忆功能.将出现明显学习、记忆功能障碍的36只VD模型大鼠随机分为4组模型对照组及银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组,每组9只动物,各组分别给予生理盐水1 mL/100g、银杏叶提取物100,150,200 mg/kg灌胃10 d后,再用明、暗箱装置测定各组大鼠的学习、记忆功能.用胆碱酯酶染色观察了各组大鼠海马胆碱能纤维的密度.主要观察指标①GBE对VD大鼠避暗试验的影响.②CA1区胆碱能纤维染色的结果.结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习训练中错误次数明显增多,遭受电击的累积刺激时间(cumulated stimulation time,CST)明显延长;记忆测试中小鼠从放入明室到进入暗室遭受电击的步入潜伏期(step through latency,STL)明显缩短,错误次数明显增多,CST明显延长(P＜0.01).与模型对照组比较,银杏叶提取物中、高剂量组学习训练中小鼠首次遭受电击后从暗室逃入明室的逃避潜伏期(escapelatency,EL)明显缩短,银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组错误次数明显减少(P＜0.01);记忆测验中银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组STL明显延长,EL明显缩短,CST明显缩短,错误次数明显减少.在光镜下可以观察到模型组与假手术对照组比较大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能纤维密度明显稀疏,吸光度明显降低(P＜0.01).银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量治疗组与模型对照组比较大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能纤维密度明显变密,吸光度明显升高(P＜0.01),表明GBE可以增加VD大鼠海马CA1区乙酰胆碱的含量.结论GBE对VD大鼠有显著的治疗作用,其机制可能与增加海马胆碱能纤维的密度有关.     

Microcirculation in parenteral Ginkgo biloba extract therapy

15 patients with arteriosclerotic lesions in the extracranial brain arteries, randomly selected, were treated with an infusion of 250 ml physiological NaCl and 25 ml Ginkgo biloba extract (Tebonin). A second group (n = 15) received 250 ml NaCl without drugs stimulating blood flow. The skin microcirculation was measured in vivo by means of a helium-neon laser at one of the 4 extremities. Perfusion increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) in response to Ginkgo biloba extract als composed with the response in the control group. The results justify the administration of Ginkgo biloba extract in vascular diseases.     

银杏叶提取物对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物对内皮细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法将孵育好的人脐静脉内皮细胞分成5组:内皮细胞组(对照组);内皮细胞+游离脂肪酸(FFA)组(实验1组);内皮细胞+FFA+10μl银杏叶提取物0.35mg/L组(实验2组);内皮细胞+FFA+10μl银杏叶提取物3.5mg/L组(实验3组);内皮细胞+FFA+10μl银杏叶提取物35mg/L组(实验4组)。分别测定丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX-1)以及细胞凋亡率。结果与对照组比较,实验1组内皮细胞上清液中SOD和GPX-1含量显著降低(P0.01),而MDA则显著升高(P0.01);与实验1组比较,实验2、3、4组内皮细胞上清液中SOD和GPX-1含量显著升高(P0.01),MDA显著降低(P0.01)。实验1组FFA诱导的内皮细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组(P0.01);经银杏叶提取物注射后,实验2、3、4组内皮细胞凋亡率显著低于实验1组(P0.01)。结论银杏叶提取物可通过改善血管内皮细胞的氧化应激水平而抑制其凋亡。     

Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications

OBJECTIVE: Ginkgo biloba may have a role in treating impairments in memory, cognitive speed, activities of daily living (ADL), edema, inflammation, and free-radical toxicity associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's dementia, stroke, vasoocclusive disorders, and aging. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract. DATA SOURCES: Empirical studies, reviews, chapters, and conference proceedings were identified in the following databases: Medline, the Research Council for Complementary Medicine based on the British Library database, and Psychlnfo. Ginkgo biloba, EGb 761, Tanakan, Tebonin, Rokan, and LI 1370 were the principal index terms. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Controlled clinical studies with both positive and negative findings are included, in addition to animals studies illustrating mechanisms of activity. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ginkgo has shown activity centrally and peripherally, affecting electrochemical, physiologic, neurologic, and vascular systems in animals and humans with few adverse side effects or drug interactions. Ginkgo shows promise in patients with dementia, normal aging, and cerebrovascular-related disorders. Clinical indications include memory, information processing, and ADL. CONCLUSIONS: Ginkgo shows promise in treating some of the neurologic sequelae associated with Alzheimer's disease, TBI, stroke, normal aging, edema, tinnitus, and macular degeneration. Mechanisms of action may include antioxidant, neurotransmitter/receptor modulatory, and antiplatelet activating factor properties. While safe, caution is advised when recommending ginkgo to patients taking anticoagulants. Future studies should examine dose effects, component activity, mechanisms, and clinical applications.     

银杏叶提取物联合尼莫地平改善血管性痴呆患者的认知功能

目的评价银杏叶提取物联合尼莫地平治疗VD患者认知功能的临床疗效,并初步探讨VD患者认知变化情况和P300之间的关系。方法选取88例符合的血管性痴呆（VD）诊断标准的VD患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。对照组给予日服尼莫地平片治疗,30mg／次,3次／d;治疗组在此基础上加服银杏叶片80mg／次,3次／d。所有人选患者均在治疗前1天和治疗3个月后第2天进行简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评定和认知诱发电位P300检测。结果两组治疗前后MMSE量表总得分及各亚项得分明显改善;治疗前后P300（Pz）检测,与治疗前相比有好转,两组间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;MMSE量表评分均与P3a和P3b的潜伏期呈负相关。结论银杏叶提取物联合尼莫地平改善血管性痴呆患者的认知功能的效果,好于单纯应用尼莫地平,可能潜在协同作用。P3a、P3b潜伏期的延长与认知损害程度可能有负相关关系。     

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is commonly used in the treatment of early-stage Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, peripheral claudication, and tinnitus of vascular origin. Multiple trials investigating the efficacy of ginkgo for treating cerebrovascular disease and dementia have been performed, and systematic reviews suggest the herb can improve the symptoms of dementia. Ginkgo is generally well tolerated, but it can increase the risk of bleeding if used in combination with warfarin, antiplatelet agents, and certain other herbal medications. Clinical issues of safety, dosing, use in the perioperative period, and pharmacology are addressed in this review.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病肾病的防治作用与机制研究

目的:观察银杏叶提取物(GBE)对糖尿病肾病大鼠核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响,探讨其对糖尿病肾病的防治作用及其机制.方法:22只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组(A组),糖尿病无干预组(B组),GBE干预组(C组).以一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素60 mg/kg制备糖尿病大鼠模型.12周后取肾组织进行病理学观察,以电泳迁移率变动分析法检测肾组织NF-κB活性,放射免疫法测定血清TNF-α和IL-6水平.结果:B、C组大鼠饲养过程中各死亡2只,存活大鼠空腹血糖>13.9 mmol/L,模型制作成功.B组肾小球基底膜厚度、肾小球内细胞数和单个核细胞数显著多于A组,C组显著少于B组而多于A组(P均<0.05).与A组比较,B组肾组织NF-κB活性、TNF-α和IL-6水平均显著升高,C组也有升高但明显低于B组(P均<0.05).TNF-α、IL-6水平与NF-κB活性呈正相关(r1=0.83,r2=0.78;P均<0.05).结论:银杏叶提取物可以通过抑制肾组织中NF-κB的活化、减轻过度的炎症反应而延缓糖尿病肾病的发生、发展.     

The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study: design and baseline data of a randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract in prevention of dementia

The epidemic of late life dementia, prominence of use of alternative medications and supplements, and initiation of efforts to determine how to prevent dementia have led to efforts to conduct studies aimed at prevention of dementia. The GEM (Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory) study was initially designed as a 5-year, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba, administered in a dose of 120 mg twice per day as EGb761, in the prevention of dementia (and especially Alzheimer's disease) in normal elderly or those with mild cognitive impairment. The study anticipates 8.5 years of participant follow-up. Initial power calculations based on estimates of incidence rates of dementia in the target population (age 75+) led to a 3000-person study, which was successfully recruited at four clinical sites around the United States from September 2000 to June 2002. Primary outcome is incidence of all-cause dementia; secondary outcomes include rate of cognitive and functional decline, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and mortality. Following screening to exclude participants with incident dementia at baseline, an extensive neuropsychological assessment was performed and participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups. All participants are required to have a proxy who agreed to provide an independent assessment of the functional and cognitive abilities of the participant. Assessments are repeated every 6 months. Significant decline at any visit, defined by specific changes in cognitive screening scores, leads to a repeat detailed neuropsychological battery, neurological and medical evaluation and MRI scan of the brain. The final diagnosis of dementia is achieved by a consensus panel of experts. Side effects and adverse events are tracked by computer at the central data coordinating center and unblinded data are reviewed by an independent safety monitoring board. Studies such as these are necessary for this and a variety of other potential protective agents to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing or slowing the emergence of dementia in the elderly population.     

Effects of a Ginkgo biloba extract on forearm haemodynamics in healthy volunteers

The aim was to validate possible vasodilating effects of a Ginkgo biloba extract with a secondary aim of finding a pharmacodynamic signal relating to the active component of these extracts. We studied the effect of G. biloba extract on forearm haemodynamics in 16 healthy subjects (nine females, seven males) with a median age of 32 years (range: 21-47). The study was conducted as a randomized, double-blinded cross-over design using oral treatment with G. biloba extract (Gibidyl Forte(R) t.i.d. or placebo for 6 weeks. Forearm blood flow and venous capacity were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Blood pressure was measured by standard sphygmomanometry, and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was derived. Measurements were made at baseline and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of treatment. Forearm blood flow was significantly higher during active treatment after 3 and 6 weeks as compared with placebo treatment for 3 and 6 weeks (P<0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged, making the calculated FVR significantly lower during active treatment (P<0.02). It is concluded that oral treatment with a G. biloba extract (Gibidyl Forte(R)) is able to dilate forearm blood vessels causing increments in regional blood flow without changing blood pressure levels in healthy subjects. The increments in blood flow may be used as a biological signal for pharmacokinetic studies.     

Characterization of antioxidant and antibacterial gelatin films incorporated with Ginkgo biloba extract

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) contains Ginkgo biloba flavonoids, which are phenolic compounds. These compounds can be introduced into films for their functional properties (such as their antioxidant and antibacterial property), allowing this film to be used as food packaging. Thus, the aim of this study was to introduce the GBE into a gelatin solution to prepare gelatin films and evaluate the influence of the natural extract addition on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. The gelatin films were successfully prepared by casting technique, and GBE was incorporated at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 g/100 g of gelatin. The mechanical properties, film solubility, moisture content, water vapor permeability, infrared spectroscopic characteristics, film microstructure, light barrier property, antioxidant property and antibacterial property of the films were investigated. The incorporation of gelatin films with GBE increased the UV-visible shielding performance of films. The antioxidant ability of the film was improved, which was supposed to be related to the active substances of the GBE. The GBE also exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. With the increase in the GBE concentration incorporated into the films, the antimicrobial activity of the gelatin film with GBE was also enhanced.

The incorporation of gelatin films with GBE increased the UV-visible shielding performance of films.