一种四肢瘫轮椅手套的临床应用

目的:观察一种自行研制的四肢瘫轮椅手套(专利号ZL2015 2 0984478.2)对四肢瘫患者驱动手动轮椅功能改善情况进行效果分析。方法:入选的20例颈髓损伤所致四肢瘫痪患者分别在穿戴轮椅手套前后进行驱动手动轮椅50m所耗时间和6min驱动轮椅距离测试,并填写佩戴轮椅手套使用情况调查问卷,通过测得的客观数据及患者主观感受两方面比较自行研制的四肢瘫轮椅手套是否能改善四肢瘫患者驱动手动轮椅的功能。结果:佩戴轮椅手套后,四肢瘫患者驱动轮椅50m所耗时间、6min驱动轮椅距离及比佩戴前功能显著提高(P0.01);问卷调查结果显示四肢瘫患者认为佩戴轮椅手套驱动轮椅较为省力,能增加其自行驱动轮椅的意愿。结论:应用四肢瘫轮椅手套可明显提高四肢瘫患者驱动手动轮椅的能力,提高生活质量。     

脊髓损伤病人轮椅期安全管理

脊髓损伤(Spinal Cord Injury SCI)是一种严重的致残性损伤,它可造成截瘫或四肢瘫.完全性脊髓损伤患者生命虽得到救治,但损伤平面以下的运动、感觉的丧失却是终身,常常需要依靠轮椅进行日常生活活动.     

不同损伤平面脊髓损伤患者运动试验中心肺功能的变化

目的探讨不同损伤平面脊髓损伤患者运动试验中心肺功能的变化。方法将15例脊髓损伤患者分为高位截瘫组(8例)和低位截瘫组(7例),均在轮椅跑台上进行极量递增负荷运动试验,测量心肺功能指标。结果低位截瘫患者的心肺功能优于高位截瘫(P<0.05~0.01)。结论脊髓损伤平面越高,心肺功能越低,即损伤平面与心肺功能成反比。     

脑梗塞患者运动功能和认知障碍自然恢复研究

目的：分析脑梗塞患日常生活能力（ＡＤＬ）、运动功能和认知障碍的自然演变过程。方法：对６０例脑梗塞分别于发病３周、６月、１年、２年进行了认知障碍、运动功能和ＡＤＬ的评价。结果：多数患的功能上均有不同程度的改善。ＡＤＬ、Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｓｔｒｏｋｅ Ｓｃａｌｅ、认知障碍评分３周４７．８、２１．２、１．８２;６月６５．２、１０．６、２．３８;１年６８．１、９．５、２．４０;２年６９．５、９．３、２．     

轮椅技能训练在脊髓损伤患者康复中的应用

轮椅技能训练在脊髓损伤患者康复中的应用中国康复研究中心博爱医院康复部文体治疗科金宁，孙传娥，张庭军截瘫患者由于脊髓损伤导致下肢运动功能障碍，只能依靠轮椅进行移动。“轮椅就是他们的腿”这种说法是一点也不过份的。所以在脊髓损伤患者的康复训练中，操纵轮椅技...     

颈髓损伤并四肢瘫患者的早期康复训练效果观察

目的探讨对颈髓损伤患者进行早期康复训练,能否使患者生活自理能力明显提高。方法采用早期综合性训练方法治疗颈髓损伤并四肢瘫患者58例,对患者进行床上正确体位及体位变换、呼吸功能训练、关节活动度训练、肌力训练、膀胱功能的训练、肛门排便功能的训练,并配合针灸、物理、心理等综合治疗。结果C5损伤患者生活部分自理,可操纵电动轮椅,平地上可用手动轮椅。C6损伤患者生活大部分自理,可使用轮椅及多种自助具。C7损伤患者生活基本自理,可使用轮椅和残废人专用汽车。所有患者均可借助Parapodium站立行走架在室内行走。结论早期综合训练可以改善颈髓损伤并四肢瘫患者的功能状态,提高生活质量。     

颈髓损伤后四肢瘫运动功能训练

脊髓损伤患者的功能恢复情况与损伤平面密切相关。脊髓损伤平面不同,所残留的运动功能也不同。而脊髓损伤患者康复训练效果主要体现是运动功能的提高。126例完全性颈髓损伤不同平面的患者经运动疗法治疗后,其移乘和移动能力恢复情况均有不同程度改善。     

汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型 抗原表位分布及其临床价值

目的 探讨汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎（ＰＢＣ）患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型（ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２）抗原表位分布情况及其临床价值。 方法 采用 Ｒｅｄ ／ ＥＴ 重组技术制备 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 抗原表位蛋白 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２，建立相应的 ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测方法，对 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者抗原表位分布进行分析。 比较 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 主要抗原表位组合模式间清蛋白－胆红素评分（ＡＬＢＩ）结果的差异，熊 去氧胆酸（ＵＤＣＡ）药物生化应答和不应答患者抗原表位分布的差异。 结果 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者血清与 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 抗原表位有反应率分别为 ８６．６％、８８．０％和 ３５．０％。 与 ＰＢＣ 患者血清有反应性的常见抗原表位模式（ ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２）间 ＡＬＢＩ 结果的差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＵＤＣＡ 生 化不应答患者血清与 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 的反应率（ ８９． ９％） 高于应答患者（ ７７． ９％），差异有统计学意义（ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）。 结论 与 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２抗原表位 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 同时有反应性的 ＰＢＣ 患者疾病预后不佳的风险较高， ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２抗原表位可能与 ＵＤＣＡ 治疗应答相关。     

病毒性心肌炎血清柯萨奇B组病毒特异性IgM及RNA检测的临床意义

目的：探讨由柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒所致病毒性心肌炎的病原学诊断价值。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验及聚合酶链反应对４６例病毒性心肌炎患者血清柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒（ＣＢＶ）特异性ＩｇＭ和ＲＮＡ进行检测。结果：心肌炎组ＣＢＶ－ＩｇＭ检出率为６０．９０％，ＣＢＶ－ＲＮＡ为４３．５％，非心肌炎组分别为２０％和１２％，两组有非常显著的差异。表明ＣＢＶ是病毒性肌炎的主要病原。心肌炎组２周内检测ＣＢＶ－ＩｇＭ和ＣＢＶ－ＲＮＡ的阳性率分别为７８．６％和８５．７％，２～６周分别为４５．２％和２２．６％，其阳性检出率与病程呈负相关。结论：早期检测对于心肌炎的早期诊断及病因学研究具有指导意义     

脊髓损伤病人轮椅的选用及安全管理

脊髓损伤是由于各种原因引起脊髓结构、功能损害,造成损伤水平以下正常运动、感觉、自主功能的障碍[1]。脊髓损伤往往造成不同程度的四肢瘫或截瘫[2]。轮椅是此类病人终生的代步     

Autonomic dysreflexia after intramuscular injection in traumatic tetraplegia: a case report

Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome of massive imbalance of reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in patients with spinal cord lesion above the splanchnic outflow (T6). It is characterized by a sudden onset and severe increase in blood pressure and is potentially life threatening. The most common causes are bladder and rectum distention. In this case study, we report an autonomic dysreflexia case that developed after intramuscular injection in a 29-yr-old tetraplegic patient with C5 American Spinal Injury Association grade A lesion. After careful scrutiny of English literature, this clinical manifestation seems to be an unusual event.     

Choice-based evaluation for the improvement of upper-extremity function compared with other impairments in tetraplegia

OBJECTIVES: To assess preference of reconstructive treatment of upper extremities in subjects with tetraplegia compared with preference of treatment of 3 other impairments and to determine the effect of subjects' characteristics on preference of upper-extremity reconstruction. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Two specialized spinal cord injury centers in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample of 47 patients with tetraplegia in stable condition. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The quality weight of 5 tetraplegic health states determined with the time trade-off technique and expressed as a single value (the "utility") on a scale between 0 (worst possible situation) and 1 (best possible situation). RESULTS: The response rate was 92%. The utility of tetraplegia +/- standard deviation was .57+/-.30. The utilities of tetraplegia without impairment in one of the following functions were .69+/-.33 for sexuality, .69+/-.33 for standing/walking, .63+/-.31 for bladder and bowel function, and .65+/-.32 for upper-extremity function. The differences between these utilities and the utility of tetraplegia were significant (P<.05). No significant differences were found between the utilities of the impairments. Improvement of a specific impairment contributed between 14% and 28% to the potential overall gain in the tetraplegic health state utility. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of impairments determines the low utility of the tetraplegic health state. No priority for improvement of any of the investigated impairments was found. This emphasizes the need for the meticulous selection of patients for treatment of specific conditions. Further research should try to determine the crucial factors in the decision-making process of patients for specific interventions.     

Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to noradrenalin in spinal and intact man

It has been suggested that the increased pressor response to noradrenalin found in tetraplegic patients is due to absence of blood pressure restraining reflexes. However, it has also been found that below the lesion in such patients cutaneous vessels, which in intact man are not under baroreflex control, show prolonged vasoconstriction after sympathetic neural discharges. This finding might indicate that cutaneous blood vessels display an increased sensitivity to noradrenalin in spinal patients. To investigate this, photoelectric cutaneous pulse plethysmograms were monitored during i.v. noradrenalin infusions in six patients with spinal cord injuries and in six intact subjects. There were no significant differences between the groups in either extent or duration of vasoconstriction. The findings provide no evidence that increased sensitivity to noradrenalin is a factor of importance for the attacks of hypertension in tetraplegic patients.     

颈胸段脊柱病变的手术入路选择

[目的]探讨不同手术入路治疗颈胸段脊柱病变的疗效。[方法]12005年1月至2008年10月收治的36例颈胸段脊柱病变患者,采用不同手术入路治疗。肿瘤13例,结核20例,椎间盘病变3例。术前Frankel分级：A级2例,B级8例,C级15例,D级3例,E级8例。[结果]随访3～47个月,术后3～8个月所有患者植骨部位均达到骨性愈合。术后Frankel分级：A级1例,B级2例,C级2例,D级15例,E级16例,平均改善1．1级。2例肿瘤转移的患者分别于术后11个月、17个月死亡。[结论]颈胸交界区域脊柱解剖结构复杂,应根据病变的性质、位置、范围、影像学改变等选择恰当的手术方式。     

Autonomic hyperreflexia: pathophysiology and medical management

Integral to the successful rehabilitation of patients with myelopathies is the prompt and proper management of autonomic hyperreflexia. More than 80% of tetraplegic and high paraplegic patients experience this syndrome of disordered autonomic homeostasis during their rehabilitation. Successful prevention and management require a clear understanding of the pathophysiology, aided in particular by recent clarification of catecholamine activity in spinal man. Prevention is accomplished through optimal general medical care, as well as proper bladder, bowel and skin management. Treatment of the acute episode requires prompt identification and removal of the offending stimulus, and occasionally the administration of a potent direct vasodilator (diazoxide, nitroprusside). Recurrent episodes are approached through definitive management of the primary problem provoking the stimulus, accompanied by symptomatic prevention of the syndrome (mecamylamine, phenoxybenzamine).     

The immediate pressor response to saralasin in man: evidence against sympathetic activation and for intrinsic angiotensin II-like myotropism

The cardiovascular and hormonal effects of intravenous saralasin (0.5, 1 and 5 micrograms min-1 kg-1) were assessed in nine tetraplegic patients (with complete cervical spinal cord transaction above the sympathetic outflow) and in six normal subjects. In the tetraplegic patients, saralasin caused an immediate transient pressor response which was not dose-dependent and substantially greater than the pressor response in normal subjects. The pressor response in the tetraplegic patients was not accompanied by a rise in levels of plasma noradrenaline. In the tetraplegic patients, after alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with thymoxamine (1 mg kg-1 h-1), twice the dose of intravenous noradrenaline was needed to induce the same pressor response. The pressor response to saralasin (5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), however, was unaffected by thymoxamine. Saralasin caused minimal changes in levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in both groups. There was no relationship between basal plasma renin activity and the pressor response in either group. We therefore conclude that the immediate transient pressor response to saralasin in man is not due to central sympathetic stimulation, is unlikely to be due to peripheral sympathetic activation and is probably the result of intrinsic angiotensin II-like myotropism.     

Glenohumeral joint loading in tetraplegia during weight relief lifting: a simulation study

BACKGROUND: The incidence of shoulder complaints in wheelchair users is high and the etiology is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of lesion level and isolated triceps muscle paresis on the internal load on the shoulder by simulation. METHODS: Kinematic and kinetic profiles from four able-bodied subjects and four subjects with tetraplegia were used as input for an inverse dynamics biomechanical model. The model was modified to simulate lesion level and triceps muscle paresis. FINDINGS: The simulations resulted in a significantly higher (+56%) glenohumeral contact force (P=0.037) for tetraplegic profiles than for able-bodied profiles. The model modifications to simulate lesion level only had a minor effect (+7%) on the calculated glenohumeral contact force. More simulations were successful at lower triceps force levels for tetraplegic profiles compared to able-bodied profiles (P=0.012). The muscle forces at the simulated T1 lesion were not significantly higher in tetraplegic profiles compared to able-bodied profiles. INTERPRETATION: The glenohumeral contact force for the tetraplegic profiles is mainly higher due to different task performance. Model modifications only have a minor effect on the calculated glenohumeral contact force. For able-bodied profiles the triceps force seems to be an important factor. The high internal load at the shoulder recommends new techniques of weight relief lifting and proper training of the arm-shoulder muscles in rehabilitation.     

Pain report and the relationship of pain to physical factors in the first 6 months following spinal cord injury.

A prospective, longitudinal study of 100 people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) was performed to determine the time of onset. prevalence and severity of different types of pain (musculoskeletal, visceral, neuropathic at level, neuropathic below level) at 2, 4, 8, 13 and 26 weeks following SCI. In addition, we sought to determine the relationship between physical factors such as level of lesion, completeness and clinical SCI syndrome and the presence of pain. At 6 months following SCI, 40% of people had musculoskeletal pain, none had visceral pain, 36% had neuropathic at level pain and 19% had neuropathic below level pain. When all types of pain were included, at 6 months following injury, 64% of people in the study had pain, and 21% of people had pain that was rated as severe. Those with neuropathic below level pain were most likely to report their pain as severe or excruciating. There was no relationship between the presence of pain overall and level or completeness of lesion, or type of injury. Significant differences were found, however, when specific types of pain were examined. Musculoskeletal pain was more common in people with thoracic level injuries. Neuropathic pain associated with allodynia was more common in people who had incomplete spinal cord lesions, cervical rather than thoracic spinal cord lesions, and central cord syndrome. Therefore, this study suggests that most people continue to experience pain 6 months following spinal cord injury and 21% of people continue to experience severe pain. While the presence or absence of pain overall does not appear to be related to physical factors following SCI, there does appear to be a relationship between physical factors and pain when the pain is classified into specific types.     

急性扩容联合控制性降压在脊柱手术的应用

目的探讨急性扩容联合控制性降压在脊柱手术的应用。方法 2007年7月2009年1月,60例择期脊柱手术患者随机分成3组：A组：对照组;B组：急性扩容组;C组：急性扩容联合控制性降压组。A组输林格氏液15mL/kg,诱导前30min输入1/2,另1/2在2～3h内输完。B组在A组基础上,诱导后30～45min输入20mL/kg6%羟乙基淀粉。C组在B组基础上,持续泵注硝酸甘油0.5～10.0μg/（kg·min）控制血压,同时增加输液量,增加有效循环血容量;止血后,缝合切口前,静脉注射速尿2～5mg。结果 A组平均血压无B、C组稳定,B、C组中心静脉压扩容后显著增加（P〈0.05）,红细胞压积显著降低（P〈0.05）;C组出血量最少（P〈0.05）。结论急性扩容联合控制性降压在脊柱手术中应用安全,可以大大减少出血量。     

I期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的:探讨经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法:对87例脊柱结核患者,经3～4周正规抗结核治疗,行前路病灶清除、椎间大块自体髂骨(肋骨)植骨、一期前路(后路)内固定术,术后继续抗结核治疗1～1.5年。结果:3例脊柱结核复发(3%)。另有植骨不融合5例,植骨融合率为94%,植骨愈合时间3～8个月(平均5个月)。还有3例术后窦道形成,经切开清创探查,加强换药后痊愈。脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正70%。14例截瘫患者肢体神经功能术后Frankel分级平均恢复1.1级。结论:经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核能彻底清除结核病灶,对脊髓及神经根进行彻底减压,促进脊髓及神经功能恢复,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,同时一期建立和恢复脊柱的连续性和稳定性,促进脊柱植骨融合,提高脊柱结核的治愈率。