云南基诺族精神分裂症患病率的30年随访研究

目的 了解2009年基诺族精神分裂症的患病率和发病率,并了解其近30年的患病率变化趋势.方法 2009年对基诺族44个自然村总计10610人进行单纯整群随机抽样,对实际抽样的1984人进行精神分裂症的患病率调查.采用一般健康问卷12项(12-item general health questionnaire,GHQ-12)进行筛查,依据GHQ-12得分按比例抽取危险人群,采用SCID-I/P工具进行面检并作出诊断.同时,对有精神分裂症患病线索资料的个体进行入户访谈,其中包括既往流行病学调查中已诊断的33例精神分裂症病例.比较两种调查方法得到的精神分裂症患病率,对近30年来的精神分裂症患病率进行*9掊2趋势检验.结果 线索调查中精神分裂症的终生和时点患病率、年发病率均高于抽样调查,但差异均无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).线索调查结果显示,基诺族精神分裂症终生患病率0.37%(39/10610),时点患病率0.27%(29/10610),男性均高于女性(*9掊 2 ＝ 10.27,P ＜ 0.01;*9掊 2 ＝ 8.02,P ＜ 0.01).近10年新发病例12例,其中近一年新发病1例,年发病率9.43/10万(1/10610).与1979年、1989年、1999年比较,基诺族30年来的精神分裂症的终生患病率和时点患病率并无明显变化(*9掊 2 ＝ 0.18,P ＞ 0.05;*9掊 2 ＝ 0.18,P ＞ 0.05).结论 基诺族精神分裂症终生患病率及时点患病率近30年来无明显变化趋势.     

广州市60岁及以上老人轻度认知障碍的患病率调查

目的调查广州地区城乡年龄≥60岁老人中轻度认知障碍(MCI)的患病率。方法用分层随机整群抽样方法抽样,采用筛查和确诊两阶段法进行调查,实查年龄≥60岁老人4697人,失访率4.9%。MCI诊断需符合Petersen的诊断标准及临床痴呆程度评定量表(CDR)评分等于0.5。结果①检出MCI患者257例,粗患病率为5.47%,经广州市2000年人口年龄构成标化,MCI的患病率为4.94%;②其中男女MCI患者分别为67例和190例,女性粗患病率显著高于男性(6.87%vs 3.47%,P<0.001),年龄标化患病率分别为6.51%和2.90%;③MCI患病率随年龄的增加而增高(P<0.001);④城区MCI粗患病率略低于农村,但差异无统计学意义(5.22%vs 6.66%,P>0.05);⑤有脑血管病史患者MCI的患病率高于无脑血管病史的老人(10.93%vs 5.08%,P<0.001)。⑥血管性非痴呆认知障碍(VMCI)的患病率为0.72%,男女两性的患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MCI患病率随年龄增长而增高,女性高于男性,有脑血管病史者患病率较高,提示高龄、女性、有脑血管病史是MCI的易感因素。     

首发脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁与卒中部位的关系

目的 研究首次发病的脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁(PSD)与卒中部位之间的关系.方法 选取340例经CT/MR确诊的脑梗死患者,其中169例抑郁自评量表指数大于或等于0.5者为PSD组,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析PSD与卒中部位之间的相关性.结果 脑梗死患者PSD的患病率为49.7%(169/340),其中额叶卒中患者PSD的患病率为66.7%,其他部位卒中患者PSD患病率为47.3%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.51,P=0.02).分层及回归分析显示额叶卒中是卒中6个月内PSD患病的独立危险因素,调整年龄、文化程度、梗死类型、患高血压、患心脏病、日常生活活动能力评分、认知功能后,额叶卒中患者PSD的患病风险是其他部位卒中患者的2.42倍(P=0.02,RR=2.42,95%CI:1.17-5.03).结论 脑梗死患者PSD的患病率较高,额叶卒中患者在卒中后6个月内有更高的PSD患病风险.     

应关注系统性红斑狼疮脑组织损害的发病机制

<正>系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种严重的慢性全身性自身免疫性疾病,以大量自身抗体产生和多脏器损害为主要临床特征。系统性红斑狼疮好发于青年女性,发病高峰年龄为15~40岁,男女发病比例约为1∶9,其中儿童和老年患者男女发病比例约为1∶2,最近的流行病学调查资料显示全球患病率为(20~50)/10万[1],我国患病率约为70/10万[2]。系统性红斑狼疮的发病具有一定家族聚集倾向,单卵双生子发病率为25%~50%,而二卵双生子发病率     

中国偏头痛流行病学调查

本文对全国各省、市、自治区(除台湾省外)进行了偏头痛流行病学调查,按随机或选点抽样3,837,597人。共查出患者37,808例,患病率为985,2/10万,发病率为79,7/10万。内陆高原为我国高患病地带,中南沿海省市患病率低。男女之比为1:4。25～29岁患病率最高(1927·4/10万),10岁以下最低(42.6/10万)。北方内陆地区于夏季头痛发作频率最高,而南方地区以春季最高。     

中国云南基诺族癫痫流行病学调查

目的 调查云南独有少数民族--基诺族的癫痫流行病学,癫痫发病的可能病因、危险因素.方法 以WHO在中国用过的问卷和ICBERG筛查问卷为基础,运用近期国际统一的癫痫诊断标准,采用多阶段分层整群抽样,入户面见调查.结果 基诺族癫痫发病率为22.39/10万,终身患病率为3.58‰,活动性癫痫患病率为2.69%.;患病人群中62.50%为全面性强直一阵挛发作,6.25%为复杂部分性发作,12.50%为复杂部分性发展为全面性一强直阵挛发作,1 8.75%为混合型发作,0.224‰可自然缓解;治疗缺口为75%.结论 基诺族癫痫发病率、活动性癫痫患病率较国内其他地Ⅸ低,终身患病率与国内报道一致,但较国内其他农村地区低,治疗缺口高于国内其他农村地区.     

急性缺血性脑血管病合并脑微出血的临床特征研究

目的 研究不同类型急性缺血性脑血管病患者合并脑微出血(CMB)的患病率及分级,并探讨其临床意义.方法 选择南方医科大学附属南方医院及广州中医药大学附属中山医院神经内科自2009年9月至2010年7月收治的急性缺血性脑血管病患者259例,其中动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成146例、心源性脑栓塞28例、小动脉性脑梗死50例、不明原因脑梗死19例,短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)16例,同期体检者96例作为对照.常规行核磁共振T2梯度回波加权扫描(GRE-T2*WI),比较不同类型脑血管病患者CMB的患病率、分级以及初发性和复发性各亚型脑梗死患者CMB的患病率.结果 不同类型缺血性脑血管病患者CMB的患病率、分级均不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),除TIA外,脑梗死患者CMB的患病率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中小动脉性脑梗死组最高(68.0%);复发性动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成患者CMB的患病率高于初发性患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CMB在各亚型脑梗死患者中患病率较高,其中在小血管性脑梗死中最高且严重;复发性动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成患者较初发性患者CMB的患病率高,提示CMB可能与缺血性卒中的复发有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the prevalence and grade of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) among patients with different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, and investigate the clinical significance of CMB.Methods Consecutive 259 patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, admitted to our hospitals from September 2009 to July 2010, were included; according to the stroke subtypes, these patients were classified into groups of atherothrombotic infarction (n=146),cardioembolic infarction (n=28), small artery infarction (n=50), infarction of unknown origin (n=19) and transient ischemia attack (TIA, n=16). The patients without cerebral vascular diseases were served as controls (n=96). The baseline data were registered and all patients were performed gradient echo-T2*weighted imaging (GRE-T2*WI); the prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were compared; the prevalence of CMB in patients with acute ischemic infarction for the first time and patients with recurrent cerebral infarction was compared.Results The prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different infarction subtypes varied with a statistical difference (P＜0.05). Apart from that of TIA group, the prevalence of all infarction groups was statistically higher than that of the controls (P＜0.05) with small artery infarction group being the highest (68.0%). The prevalence of CMB in patients with recurrent infarction was statistically higher than that in patients with primary infarction (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of CMB among different subtypes of infarction is high with the subtype of small artery infarction enjoying the highest rate; the prevalence of CMB in recurrent infarction goes higher as compared with that in primary infarction; the relapse of the cerebral infarction is possiblely related to the presence of CBMs.     

联合应用氯吡格雷与前列地尔治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

随着我国进入老龄化社会,脑卒中已成为危害我国中老年人身体健康和生命的主要疾病.其中缺血性脑血管病脑梗死发病率为110/10万人口,约占全部脑卒中的60%～80%.脑梗死具有较高的患病率、致残率和致死率.血小板聚集在动脉粥样硬化及急性脑梗死的发生发展中起着重要作用[1].氯吡格雷是一种新型的血小板高聚集抑制剂,被广泛用于急性缺血性脑梗死的治疗.     

云南省宁蒗地区摩梭人焦虑障碍流行病学调查

目的:了解云南省宁蒗县摩梭人的焦虑障碍患病率及其发病特点。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取云南省丽江市宁蒗县永宁乡4个行政村620户中≥15岁摩梭人1 240人,应用定式检查问卷《简明国际精神病访谈(MINI)》为工具,以《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版及《国际疾病分类》第10版为诊断标准,对焦虑障碍(惊恐障碍、社交焦虑障碍、场所恐怖症、广泛性焦虑障碍)发病情况进行调查。结果:共1 121人完成调查,焦虑障碍的时点患病率为5. 6%(95%CI:4. 3～7. 0),标准化率为4. 7%。本次调查检出4种常见的焦虑障碍,分别为惊恐障碍9例、场所恐惧症24例、社交焦虑障碍4例及广泛性焦虑障碍26例;时点患病率分别为0. 8%(95%CI:0. 4～1. 5)、2. 14%(95%CI:1. 4～3. 1)、0. 36%(95%CI:0. 1～1. 0)、2. 32%(95%CI:1. 5～3. 4)。焦虑障碍患病率女性(6. 2%,95%CI:4. 5～7. 9)高于男性(4. 5%,95%CI:2. 4～6. 6),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1. 355)。≥15岁的摩梭人中,60～69岁者焦虑障碍患病率最高,达到14. 2%;焦虑障碍患病率随着年龄而增加(χ~2=7. 671,P 0. 01)。结论:云南省宁蒗地区摩梭人焦虑障碍患病率较高,并有随年龄而增加的趋势,应该成为被重视的公共卫生问题。     

急性脑血管病并发多脏器功能衰竭临床分析

目的 研究313例急性脑血管病(ACVD)并发多脏器衰竭(MOF)死亡病例的临床特点和治疗对策.方法 313例患者按出血、梗死及不同年龄、既往合并慢性疾病情况及是否存在肺部感染分成不同组并对比研究.结果 脑出血组并发MOF的严重程度重于脑梗死组(P＜0.01),年龄60～70岁组发生MOF的数量较年龄＜60岁组的明显增多(P＜0.05).同时发现既往患两种及两种以上慢性疾病的患者发生MOF的机会明显多于慢性疾患少于两种的患者(P＜0.05).合并肺部感染组发生MOF的数量、严重程度评分均明显高于非感染组(P＜0.01),存活时间明显缩短(P＜0.05).通过相关分析发现,既往所患的慢性疾病数量与MOF的数量成正相关(r=0.375,P＜0.01),且MOF的数量、评分及存活时间成负相关(r=-0.378,P＜0.01;R=-0.503,P＜0.01).结论 肺部感染和既往慢性疾病是MOF发生的重要因素.     

急性脑卒中与便秘57例分析

目的 探讨急性脑卒中与便秘的关系。方法 57例脑卒中患者分成动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死（ATI）组23例；腔隙性梗死（LI）组23例；脑出血（ICH）组11例，观察各组便秘发生率并进行比较。结果 脑卒中者第1周便秘发生率50.88％，显著高于正常老年人对照组（P〈0．05）。基底节区脑卒中者便秘发生率57．1％，明显高于非基底节卒中者（P〈0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者急性期常发生便秘，基底节区脑卒中者便秘发生率较非基底节区脑卒中者高。     

The organisation of health care and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in France

STATE OF THE ART: According to the available previous studies, France is considered a zone of medium to high risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) with an estimated overall prevalence of at least 50/100,000 inhabitants, incidence rates were stable in some areas but increased over time in others and a strong ethnic effect on the incidence, clinical presentation, and course of MS is reported. RESULTS: Based on two health insurance survey the prevalence has been deduced. At January 1, 2003 from the data of agricultural health insurance the prevalence is evaluated at 65.5/100,000 inhabitants (95p.cent CI=62.5-67.5) with a gradient of North East towards South-West. The data from the national health insurance were very near. During the period 2000-2004, recent studies in Auvergne and Brittany demonstrated an annual incidence comprising between 4.2 and 5.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. In Lorraine, in a large population-based study, in December 31, 2004 the prevalence rate was 120/100,000 (95p.cent CI: 119 to 121). During the period 1990-2002, the average age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rate was 5.5/100,000 (95p.cent CI: 4.4-6.6). In Lorraine, we found that the age-adjusted incidence rate increased during the period 1990-2002. The incidence of MS in women increased, whereas that in men did not change significantly during this period. Similarly, in Norway, North Ireland and Denmark, the incidence among women increased the most. The clinical features of MS were compared in 211 North Africans patients and 2 945 Europeans patients in two French MS centres (Lorraine and Nice) with definite MS according to McDonald's criteria. The course of MS appears more aggressive in North Africans than in Europeans patients. For example, we demonstrated a shorter time to reach the Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 4.0 (p=0.001) or 6.0 (p<0.0001) in North Africans patients. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates found in these studies were comparable to those reported in several European populations. This undoubtedly places France in the category of regions with a high risk zone of MS. The incidence of MS in women increased; thus, exogenous (or epigenetic) factors vary over time and may affect men and women differently. The course of MS appears more aggressive in North Africans than in Europeans patients.     

Cerebral thromboembolism among young women and men in Denmark 1977-1982

In the period 1977-1982, the Danish National Patient Register recorded 1000 cases of cerebral thromboembolic attacks among women 15-44 years of age, and 971 cases among men of the same age. Cerebral infarction accounted for 70% of cases and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) for the remaining 30%. By analysing this material we found an average age-adjusted incidence rate of cerebral thromboembolism of 14.4/100.000 among men and 15.5/100.000 among women. The incidence rates rose rapidly with increasing age. Women aged 15-34 had significantly higher incidence rates of brain infarction and TIA compared to those of men of the same age. This was reversed in the age group 35-44. The magnitude of the ratio between the female and the male mean incidence rates by increasing age corresponded exactly to the age distribution of the use of oral contraceptives in Denmark. The relative risk for developing cerebral thromboembolism among users of oral contraceptives was estimated to be 3.2-6.5. The mortality in male patients with brain infarction was 3.3% and in females 1.7%. The mean duration of stay in hospital was 8.8 days for TIA and about 26 days for cerebral infarction. Sixteen percent of men and 13.6% of women had hypertension during their stay.     

急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损与血清PON-1和ox-LDL水平的相关性研究

目的 检测急性脑梗死患者血清对氧磷酶-1( paraoxonase 1,PON-1)和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)水平,分析急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损与血清PON-1和ox-LDL水平的相关性。方法 根据第四届全国脑血管病会议制订的诊断标准,选择符合条件的急性脑梗死患者78例、非脑梗死对照组52例。双抗体夹心ELISA法测定ox-LDL血清水平,采用乙酸苯酯法测定血清PON-1水平,所有急性脑梗死患者进行NIHSS评分和Glasgow昏迷评分。结果 与非脑梗死对照组比较,脑梗死患者在性别、平均年龄和Glasgow昏迷评分上没有统计学意义,在危险因子上具有显著差别,脑梗死患者ox-LDL 血清水平均显著高于对照组,PON-1血清水平均显著低于对照组。脑梗死患者NIHSS评分分数随着ox-LDL血清水平的增高而增加,随着PON-1血清水平的降低而增高。脑梗死患者Glasgow评分分数随着ox-LDL血清水平的增高而降低,随着PON-1血清水平的增高而增高。结论 在急性脑梗死患者中血清PON-1和ox-LDL水平和神经功能缺损有着密切的关系。ox-LDL血清水平的越高,神经功能缺损就越重,相反PON-1血清水平的越低,神经功能缺损就越重。     

25-羟基维生素D与脑梗死的关系及干预治疗的临床研究

目的   探讨血清25-羟基维生素D［25-hydroxyvitamin D,25（OH）D］水平与脑梗死患者病情严重程度的相关性及维生素D干预治疗对脑梗死预后的影响。 方法  分别检测217例急性脑梗死患者及163例健康体检者的血清25（OH）D水平。比较急性脑梗死组和健康对照组血清25（OH）D水平差异,以及两组维生素D缺乏、维生素D不足及维生素D充足者的比例分布;比较不同25（OH）D水平的脑梗死患者临床资料的差异并进行相关性分析;将血清25（OH）D＜20?ng/ml的脑梗死患者根据其是否接受维生素D干预（阿法骨化醇0.5?µg/d治疗持续1年）分为两亚组,对两组间血清25（OH）D水平、终点事件复发率及改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分进行1年的随访比较。 结果  脑梗死患者平均血清25（OH）D水平低于对照组［（13.67±1.16）ng/ml vs （20.11±2.05）ng/ml,P=0.001）］。脑梗死组血清25（OH）D水平缺乏者高于对照组（88.02% vs 63.80%,P=0.001）。血清25（OH）D水平＜20?ng/ml的脑梗死患者与≥20?ng/ml的患者相比,更多合并高血压病、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史（P=0.010,P=0.011,P=0.037）。血清25（OH）D水平与患者入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分呈负相关（r=－0.720,P=0.001）。血清25（OH）D水平＜20?ng/ml的脑梗死患者亚组分析中,给予阿法骨化醇干预治疗组1年后短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）或脑梗死复发率和mRS评分均低于未干预组,但无显著差异（P=0.080,P=0.079）。 结论  脑梗死患者血清25（OH）D水平降低,与脑梗死病情严重程度相关;尚不能证实补充活性维生素D治疗可以降低脑梗死复发风险和改善患者预后。     

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死并2型糖尿病的临床观察

目的观察阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死并2型糖尿病患者临床治疗效果及并发出血情况。方法收集我科收治的107例急性脑梗死并2型糖尿病患者临床资料,将患者分为实验组(58例)和对照组(49例),实验组给予阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷,对照组单独给予阿司匹林,记录入院时及治疗2周后NIHSS评分、连续服用3个月及6个月mRS评分及脑梗死复发、药物导致出血情况。结果治疗2周后,与对照组比较,实验组神经功能恢复良好(P 0. 05)。治疗3个月后,与对照组比较,实验组脑梗死复发率和致残率均低(P=0. 046,P=0. 037),且神经功能恢复良好(P=0. 03);但出血情况差别不大(P=0. 699)。治疗6个月后,与对照组比较,实验组脑梗死复发率及残疾率均低(P=0. 037,P=0. 039)。与对照组比较,实验组出血明显增加(P=0. 038),以胃肠道少量出血为主。结论阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷短期应用可有效降低急性脑梗死并2型糖尿病患者的脑梗死复发率,促进神经功能恢复。长期联合应用阿司匹林及氯吡格雷对预防及治疗脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者有临床治疗意义,但会增加胃肠道出血的风险。     

ABCD~2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对TIA患者近期预后的评价

目的分析ABCD2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后7 d发生脑梗死的评估价值。方法以2010年1月～2011年1月住院治疗的126例TIA患者作为研究对象,收集其临床、TCD和颈部血管超声检查资料。按ABCD2评分法进行评分,计算TIA后7 d内脑梗死发生率。结果 126例TIA患者7 d内进展为脑梗死者26例,占20.6%。ABCD2评分越高,脑梗死的发生率越高(P<0.05)。TIA后7 d脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的患者中脑梗死发生率较脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的患者明显升高(P<0.05)。ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的TIA患者7 d脑梗死发生率为33.8%,与ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的TIA患者(7.7%)比较,其发生脑梗死的风险明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 ABCD2评分法预测7 d发生脑梗死风险的准确性较高,进一步结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声检查可提高预测的准确性。     

MSCTA联合ABCD2评分对短暂性脑缺血发作早期进展为脑梗死的预测价值

目的 探究MSCTA联合ABCD2评分对短暂性脑缺血发作早期进展为脑梗死的预测价值。方法 选取2016年6月-2017年6月本院收治的短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者共92例,对所有患者行MSCTA检查以及采用ABCD2评分进行危险分层与评估,观察不同动脉狭窄程度与不同ABCD2评分下TIA患者脑梗死的发生率以及MSCTA联合ABCD2评分对TIA患者早期进展为脑梗死的预测价值。结果 轻度、中度动脉狭窄患者在1周内脑梗死的发生率明显低于重度狭窄患者(P<0.05); ABCD2评分低危组与中危组患者在1周内脑梗死的发生率显著低于高危组(P<0.05); MSCTA联合ABCD2评分预测脑梗死的特异度、灵敏度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均明显高于单独MSCTA与ABCD2评分(P<0.05)。结论 MSCTA联合ABCD2评分对短暂性脑缺血发作患者早期进展为脑梗死具有较高的预测价值。     

Epidemiological characteristics of lacunar infarcts in a population

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study evaluated the characteristics and natural history of patients with lacunar (small, deep) cerebral infarcts in a defined population for comparison of these characteristics to those in patients with nonlacunar infarcts. METHODS: This is a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1960 to 1984, that used the medical record-linkage system to identify and characterize patients with cerebral infarction. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted average annual incidence rate of lacunar cerebral infarction was 13.4/100,000 persons, accounting for 12% of all first cerebral infarcts. Temporal trends in incidence rates, stroke recurrence rates, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and causes of death (given survival for 30 days) for cases of lacunar infarction were not significantly different from those for cases of nonlacunar infarction. Hypertension was found in 81% of patients who had a lacunar infarct and in 70% of patients who had a nonlacunar infarct (p = 0.05). A potential cardiac source of embolism was found in 12% of patients who had a lacunar infarct and in 28% of patients who had a nonlacunar infarct (p = 0.002). Survival was significantly better after a lacunar infarct than after a nonlacunar infarct. CONCLUSIONS: Small, deep cerebral infarcts had many of the epidemiological characteristics of other cerebral infarcts but there was a slightly higher frequency of hypertension, significantly lower frequency of a cardiac embolic source, and significantly better survival in patients with lacunar infarction than in those with nonlacunar infarction.     

心房颤动合并脑栓塞患者的抗凝治疗现状和出血转化分析

目的 通过充血性心力衰竭、高血压、年龄≥75岁（双倍）、糖尿病、卒中（双倍）、血管病变、年 龄65～74岁、女性（Congestive heart failure,Hypertension,Age≥75（doubled）,Diabetes Mellitus,Stroke （doubled）,vascular disease,age 65～74 and sex category（female）,CHA2DS2-VASc）评分观察心房颤 动合并脑栓塞患者的抗栓治疗现状,分析高血压、异常的肝肾功能、卒中、出血、国际标准化比 值（international normalized ratio,INR）不稳定、年龄、药物治疗或者饮酒（Hypertension,Abnormal renal and liver function,Stroke,Bleeding,Labile international normalized ratio,Elderly,Drugs and alcohol intake, HAS-BLED）评分及其他相关临床危险因素与心房颤动合并脑栓塞出血转化的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2014年12月在北京博爱医院神经康复科住院的心房颤动合并脑栓塞 患者的临床资料。根据CHA2DS2-VASc评分观察低危组（0分）、中危组（1分）、高危组（≥2分）的抗栓 治疗情况。根据HAS-BLED评分,分析心房颤动脑栓塞出血转化（hemorrhagic transformation,HT）率在 出血转化低危组（0～2分）和出血转化高危组（≥3分）之间的差异,同时对多个临床变量进行多因素 分析,寻找与HT相关的临床危险因素。 结果 研究共入组101例患者,患者在发生脑栓塞之前,根据CHA2DS2 -VASc评分,低危组抗凝率 66.7%（2/3）,无抗血小板治疗;中危组抗凝、抗血小板率均为16.7%（2/12）;高危组抗凝率19.8% （17/86）,抗血小板率14.0%（12/86）。脑栓塞前1个月内停用抗凝治疗而发病的占所有抗凝患者 42.8%（9/21）。发生脑栓塞之后,所有患者均为高危组,抗凝治疗率68.3%（69/101）,抗血小板 治疗率25.7%（26/101）。根据HAS-BLED评分,心房颤动合并脑栓塞后,出血转化高危组HT 58.5% （31/53）,与低危组HT 37.5%（18/48）比较,差异有显著性（χ 2=4.443,P =0.035）。对HT组与非HT 组的多个临床变量分析发现,两组美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS）评分差异有显著性（14.860±4.486 vs 11.940±5.648,P =0.006）;HAS-BLED评分差异有显 著性（2.76±0.80 vs 2.21±0.96,P =0.003）;病灶范围大的梗死灶HT为57.9%（44/76）,小的梗 死灶为HT 20%（5/25）,两组有显著差异（P =0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现NIHSS（OR 1.106, 95%CI 1.106～1.216,P =0.036）、病灶范围大小（OR 5.083,95%CI 1.826～14.148,P =0.002）和HASBLED 评分（OR 2.353,95%CI 1.326～4.175,P =0.003）均是心房颤动患者脑栓塞后HT的危险因素。 结论 心房颤动合并脑栓塞的患者抗栓治疗率不理想,HAS-BLED评分能很好地预测心房颤动合并 脑栓塞后的HT风险,另外,神经功能缺损较重、病灶范围大也是心房颤动合并脑栓塞患者发生HT的 危险因素。