Charnley-Kerboull total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head a minimal 10-year follow-up study

The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the minimum 10-year follow-up results of a consecutive series of 122 cemented low-friction total hip arthroplasties performed for osteonecrosis. Revision was performed for high polyethylene wear associated with periprosthetic osteolysis and socket loosening in 6 hips, and for deep sepsis in 1. The survival rate at 15 years, using revision for any reason as the end point, was 88.5%. Among the variables studied in this series, the only factor associated with a higher risk of revision was a socket wear rate greater than 0.1 mm/y. This series indicated that cemented low-friction total hip arthroplasty performed for avascular necrosis could grant satisfactory long-term results, provided that polyethylene socket wear remained below 0.1 mm/y.     

A 10- to 13-year follow-up study of Harris-Galante type prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty

Long-term clinical results of Harris-Galante type prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty (THA) were evaluated in 27 hip joints of 25 patients (2 men and 23 women). Seventeen joints also received bone grafting on the acetabulum. Mean follow-up period was 11 years and 3 months. Clinical out-come was evaluated using the hip score of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, and the score was good and stable during the monitoring period. Implant stability, bone changes around the implant, and the occupancy rate of the stem in the medullary space were radiologically examined. As a result of stem, there was subsidence in 3 joints and loosening in 6. There were no cases of cup loosening. A pedestal was found in 12 joints, and 4 of them which were associated with a radiopaque line had stem loosening. Among the 21 joints without loosening, 8 had a pedestal but they were not associated with a radiopaque line. The 2 joints which developed osteolysis did not have loosening. Stem loosening was related to the stem occupancy rate in the distal part of the medullary cavity. Postoperative stem occupancy rate could be an important indicator for long-term clinical results. Stems for cementless THA should be designed to have a high occupancy rate in the distal part, and stems should also be carefully chosen to meet individual differences. Received: February 24, 2000 / Accepted: July 21, 2000     

The Harris-Galante total hip arthroplasty: a minimum 8-year follow-up study

A total of 93 Harris-Galante Porous I (HGP- I) prostheses were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 10.2 years. Thigh pain (28 hips) correlated with unstable fixation (P<.005), female gender (P<.045), young age (P<.05), poor distal femoral fill (P<.002), subsidence (P<.0001), and osteolysis (P<.05). Thirteen stems and 6 metallic shell cups were revised. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 13-year survival rates of 92.5% +/- 5.8% for the metallic shell cup, 79.7% +/- 13% for the HGP-I cup, and 76.3% +/- 14.0% for the stem. Five polyethylene liners were changed because of wear >1 mm. Radiographic loosening occurred in 8 cups. Radiographic bone ingrowth was present in 54 stems, stable fibrous fixation was present in 24 stems, and unstable fixation was present in 15 stems. The mean polyethylene wear was 0.17 mm/y. Eleven hips (11.8%) had acetabular osteolysis, and 24 (25.8%) had femoral osteolysis, the latter being more frequent in unstable stems (P<.007). The HGP-I metallic cup shows better clinical and radiographic results than the stem, which frequently is associated with pain, unstable fixation, and osteolysis. Excessive polyethylene wear is frequent.     

Second-generation cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

The results of cementless total hip arthroplasties in patients with osteonecrosis have been inferior to those in patients with other diagnoses. Fifty-eight primary total hip arthroplasties with insertion of a femoral stem with a circumferentially proximal porous coating and a cementless acetabular component were followed for a mean of 11.1 years. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 stems were biologically stable, and one stem was loose. There were acetabular revisions in 18 hips (31%) because of polyethylene wear and osteolysis. One hip (1.7%) underwent revision of both acetabular and femoral components. Osteolysis around the acetabular component was seen on radiographs in 22 hips (37.9%). Femoral osteolysis was seen in 9 hips (15.5%), and there was no osteolysis below the lesser trochanter in any hip. Second-generation femoral prostheses provide excellent fixation in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, a high rate of polyethylene wear and osteolysis in these high-risk patients remains a challenging problem.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty in Chinese patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

This study was designed to evaluate the midterm (> or = 5 years) clinical and radiographic outcomes of the cementless total hip arthroplasty in 64 Chinese patients (72 hips), which revealed that the mean Harris hip score increased from an average of 44.0 points before operation to 92.4 points at the last follow-up. Excellent results were achieved in 60 hips (83%). No loosening of the components was observed radiographically. No revision of the femoral components was required. Only one focal area of pelvic osteolysis in 1 hip (1%), which requires a revision, and some small focal areas of femoral osteolysis in 12 hips (17%) were observed. The mean linear wear rate was 0.125 mm/y. The survival rate of the acetabular and femoral components for radiographic loosening was 100% (95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.0) and for revision was 98.61% (95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.0). This study indicated that the cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head has a satisfactory midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes, but the long-term effect should be further studied.     

Alternatives to total hip arthroplasty in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

While THA can provide excellent relief and functional return for patients with osteonecrosis, it is important to establish an early and accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment paradigm to seek surgical alternatives to THA for treatment of this condition.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty using noncemented porous-coated femoral components in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Ninety consecutive total hip arthroplasties in 73 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head yielded 81 hips in 64 patients (37 men and 27 women) available for evaluation after a 4–8-year follow-up period. The average age at surgery was 39.9 years (range, 20–66 years). Osteonecrosis etiology was idiopathic in 13 hips, alcohol-induced in 15, femoral neck fracture in 12, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 2. The remaining 39 cases were related to steroids, which were administered for a variety of reasons. Two types of noncemented, porous-coated, straight-stem femoral components and three types of acetabular components were utilized. Good or excellent clinical results were recorded in 80.2% of the patients. Average Harris hip scores improved from 52.9 to 87.9 points. Nine patients required revision of at least one component and were significantly younger than those with unrevised components. A revision rate of 24.1% was recorded in patients under 35 years of age at the time of primary surgery. Good or excellent clinical results were seen in 92.3% of the idiopathic cases, 86.7% of the alcohol-induced cases, 77.8% of the renal transplant cases, and 62.5% of the systemic lupus erythematosus cases. The overall mortality rate at the follow-up evaluation was 14%; it was 50% in renal transplant patients. Analysis of the clinical results based on the implants showed no significant differences in Harris hip scores or pain and function scores. While total hip arthroplasty using noncemented porous-coated femoral stems appears to give better results than cemented procedures in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the results appear to be inferior to those reported in patients with other diagnoses.     

Uncemented total hip arthroplasty in patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and previous bone grafting

Tibial strut bone grafting and more recently fibular strut grating (vascularized) have been used in the treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. The authors evaluated the technical aspects and results of uncemented total hip arthroplasty after previous tibial bone grafting of the femoral head in patients with aseptic necrosis. Review of postoperative radiographs demonstrated that residual tibial graft prevented optimal femoral canal fit and positioning of the prosthetic stem in 10 of 13 hips (in the coronal plane). In the nine hips with a minimum 2-year follow-up period, two required revision for loosening of the femoral component. The authors recommend that, when performing an uncemented total hip arthroplasty in patients with previous strut grafting, special attention be directed to adequate graft removal, particularly in the lateral greater trochanteric fossa to prevent varus placement of the femoral component. An intraoperative anteroposterior radiograph with the final femoral broach in place may be useful in verifying adequate strut graft removal and optimal canal fill with proper prosthesis positioning.     

Low-friction arthroplasty of the hip. A 10-12-year follow-up study

The data from a series of patients operated upon by Charnley and reviewed after ten to 12 years shows that low-frictional torque arthroplasty remains a sound concept of design. If done with precision, it is still the best operation for patients with discomfort and disability from coxarthrosis. The development of a sound interface is controlled not only by the initial strength of the interlock achieved by the surgeon, but also by the loads applied to it by the patients. The total hip arthroplasty may be a miracle of modern medicine, but it can never be superior to normal articulation; this should encourage the surgeon to steer the patient away from unreasonable expectations. In this review, 217 arthroplasties were performed in 184 patients; 58 died, leaving 153 arthroplasties in 126 patients. Eighty-eight percent were more than satisfactory; 6% required revision. This was due to aseptic loosening in only two percent.     

Contemporary total hip arthroplasty with and without cement in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

BACKGROUND: The rate of failure of primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head is higher than that in patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this prospective study was to document the clinical and radiographic results of arthroplasty with so-called third-generation cementing and the results of second-generation cementless total hip arthroplasty in ninety-eight consecutive patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: Fifty patients who had had simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty with a cemented stem in one hip and a cementless stem in the other and forty-eight patients who had had a unilateral total hip arthroplasty with a cementless stem were included in the study. A cementless acetabular component was used in all hips. The presumed cause of the osteonecrosis was ethanol abuse in fifty-seven patients, unknown in twenty-seven, fracture of the femoral neck in nine, and steroid use in five. There were eighty men and eighteen women. The mean age at the time of the arthroplasty was 47.3 years (range, twenty-six to fifty-eight years). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed preoperatively; at six weeks; at three, six, and twelve months; and yearly thereafter. The average duration of follow-up was 9.3 years. RESULTS: The average Harris hip scores in the group treated with unilateral arthroplasty (97 points) and the group treated with bilateral arthroplasty (94 points) were similar at the time of final follow-up. They were also similar between the group treated with cement (mean, 96 points) and that treated without cement (95 points). No component had aseptic loosening in either group. In one hip, a cemented femoral stem (2%) and a cementless cup were revised because of infection. Two cementless stems (2%) were revised because of fracture of the proximal part of the femur with loosening of the stem. Annual wear of the polyethylene liner averaged 0.22 mm in the group treated with cement (a zirconia head) and 0.14 mm in the group treated without cement (a cobalt-chromium head). The prevalence of osteolysis in zones 1 and 7 of the femur was 16% in the group treated with cement and 24% in the group treated without cement. CONCLUSIONS: Advancements in surgical technique and better designs have greatly improved the long-term survival of cemented and cementless implants in young patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Although there was no aseptic loosening of the components, a high rate of linear wear of the polyethylene liner and a high rate of osteolysis in these high-risk young patients remain challenging problems.     

全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死

目的:探讨全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效和适应证.方法:回顾性分析17例(21髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床资料.其中男10例,女7例;年龄25～51岁,平均36岁.其中Ficat Ⅲ期8髋,Ficat Ⅳ期13髋.均行金属全髋表面置换术.取Gibson后外侧切口,采用非骨水泥型假体.处理股骨头时,以颈干角通过股骨头中心打入1根导针,用空心钻头钻孔后插入导引杆,再用圆柱形的股骨头切割器锉去股骨头的多余部分,在股骨头上钻孔,将骨水泥涂抹在股骨头和假体上,将假体柄插入股骨颈中心轴骨孔内,冲紧到位,等待骨水泥固化.术后Harris评分分析,并进性统计学分析(t检验),定期复查X线片.结果:全部病例均获得随访,随访时间18～42个月,平均32个月.髋关节功能Harris评分由术前的平均(35.30±5.23)分提高到术后(90.47±3.14)分,优良率90.5％,手术前后Harris评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).X线摄片发现2例髋臼假体周围出现透亮线,而无松动迹象.结论:全髋表面置换术是治疗中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的理想方法,它能恢复正常的关节生物力学及负载传递,提高了关节的稳定性,延缓了全髋关节置换,不影响日后的翻修效果,且创伤小、操作简便、感染率低.适用于FicatⅢ期及部分FicatⅣ期的股骨头坏死,股骨颈破坏少,特别是活动量大的年轻患者.     

四代陶瓷对陶瓷全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头坏死

目的探讨应用四代陶对陶Pinnacle全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法自2005年1月～2010年3月,56例患者（88髋）接受了Pinnacle关节置换手术;年龄36．3—68．1岁,平均49．2岁。病史7～21年,根据ARCO分期：所有88髋均为股骨头坏死Ⅳ期,其中激素性32例55髋,酒精性21例30髋,创伤性3例3髋。术前Harris评分为31～63分,平均47．5分,所有髋给予全髋关节置换术,正确放置假体位置,术后定期复查,给予Harris评分。结果随访时间为2—7年（平均6．2年）,Harris评分由术前47．5恢复到术后97．2。1例髋臼假体术后1年时发生松动,考虑手术技术导致,给予大号髋臼假体翻修,术后随访4年,未见不良结果出现。1例髋关节术后2d内发生关节脱位,给予麻醉下复位下肢皮牵引2周,无脱位再次发生。其他假体均位置良好,尚未见其他并发症发生。结论全髋关节置换术治疗伴有严重关节炎的晚期股骨头坏死效果好,四代陶对陶（Pinnacle）关节由于其股骨头假体较大,患者术后活动度大功能恢复满意,但需要充分的术前准备及良好的手术技巧,避免并发症的出现。     

Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A comparison with osteoarthritis

For reappraisal of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of nontraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head, 29 hips in 23 patients with ON were surveyed in a comparison with 63 osteoarthritic (OA) hips treated in the same manner during the same period; the hips were selected according to the same criteria. The 29 ON hips were followed for an average of seven years. Comparing the ON and OA groups, the patient profiles were similar, except for weight and sex. For the ON group, hip scores according to the Merle D'Aubigne system (18 points for a normal hip) were improved from 9.8 preoperatively to 14.3 at the latest survey. However, 14 hips (48%) presented unsatisfactory clinical results, and roentgenologically all showed aseptic component loosening. Such a failure rate was higher than that for the OA group (33%); similarly, femoral component loosening occurred more frequently in the ON (28%) than in the OA group (5%). Based on the analysis of the patient profiles, Stage 3 ON at surgery, bilateral occurrence of the disease and bilateral THA could have caused such a failure in the ON group. In addition, most of the hips with component loosening showed histologic evidence of extensive bone necrosis within the resected femoral head. ON is a high-risk disease in terms of the long-term durability of THA, the failure of which seems to be mainly caused by extensive necrosis.     

Quality of sexual life after total hip arthroplasty in male patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head

Background

Patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) have a severe impact on their health status, functionality and quality of life. Sexual life is an important component of the quality of life and is still a frequently neglected domain in patients with ONFH. The aims of the study were to evaluate the influence of the disease and the total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery on quality of sexual life (QSL) in these patients.

Methods

A prospective, self-controlled study was done. 247 patients of ONFH who underwent unilateral or bilateral THA were asked to complete a standardized QSL questionnaire, and the score of QSL was evaluated preoperatively and at first year follow-up of post-THA operation.

Results

The mean age of the patient was 46.8 (range 25–60) years. 194 cases (78.5 %, 276 hips) were alcohol-induced ONFH. There is significant decrease (p = 0.026) in sexual relationship impairment on the 0–8 scale from pre-THA (5.3 ± 0.7) to post-THA (2.3 ± 0.4). There is no significant difference for effect on sexual function (p = 0.14) between pre-THA (2.3 ± 0.4) and post-THA (1.8 ± 0.3). There is significant improvement (p = 0.018) in overall sexual satisfaction degree of patients on the 1–5 scale from pre-THA (2.7 ± 0.2) to post-THA (4.7 ± 0.6), but no significant increase for sexual partner.

Conclusion

ONFH has impaired relationships with partner and overall sexual satisfaction degree of the male patients; THA has improved significantly relationships with partner and overall sexual satisfaction degree of the male patients, but no effect on sexual function of the patients and overall sexual satisfaction degree of sexual partner.     

Third-generation ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years with osteonecrosis of femoral head

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiographic results of patients younger than 30 years who underwent cementless third-generation ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Forty-one patients (56 hips) with a minimum follow-up of 6 years were included. In all cases, third-generation ceramic-on-ceramic articulation was used. Average Harris Hip Scores improved from 52.9 preoperatively to 98.2, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score, from 95.2 to 25.2. Thirty-nine patients returned to their normal occupations. No aseptic loosening or osteolysis was observed. Total hip arthroplasty performed using third-generation ceramic-on-ceramic bearings for osteonecrosis of femoral head was found to provide satisfactory clinical and radiologic results, especially in active, young patients.     

A comparison of osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis patients following total hip arthroplasty. A long-term follow-up study

Between November 1969 and December 1983, 105 total hip arthroplasties were performed on 82 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic osteonecrosis (ON). During the same period, 891 total hip surgeries were performed on 706 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In order to statistically compare these two diseases, the records of each patient were examined for possible differences in bilaterality, sex, age, and acute postoperative complications including infections, pain, nonunions, and heterotopic bone (HB). Sixty-four ON hips and 615 OA hips (all with at least three years of follow-up data) were then evaluated for acetabular and femoral radiolucency, acetabular and femoral loosening, and pain. The same long-term complications were evaluated in some of these patients at five-, seven-, and ten-year follow-up periods. The ON patients were significantly younger than the OA patients (p less than .001). Bilateral involvement and male/female distributions were found to be similar. Except for HB, acute postoperative complications (zero to six months) were similar. Early HB surrounding one-third or more of the hip joint was statistically less in the ON patient population (p less than .001). No significant differences in long-term complications were found. However, a much higher death rate was found in ON patients (24%) as compared to OA patients (15%) (significant at p less than .07). This difference was not due to any postoperative complication or the hip arthroplasty itself, because both were the same in the two populations.     

Uncemented press-fit total hip arthroplasty using the identifit custom-molding technique: A prospective minimum 2-year follow-up study

Fifty-three primary uncemented custom-molded Identifit (Depuy, Warsaw, IN) hip arthroplasties were evaluated prospectively at a mean follow-up period of 30 months. The custom technique provided the capability to reproduce the unique femoral offset, version, and height in each hip and to achieve high percentages of femoral canal fill. Surgical time for unilateral cases was a mean 153 minutes. Clinical results, however, were disappointing. Nine hips (17%) required stem revision for persistent thigh pain and limping. Of the remaining 44 hips, the mean Harris hip score was 83, and 20% experienced moderate to severe thigh pain and 50% had a limp. Radiographically, 65% of the stems had subsided and 27% had migrated into valgus. Survivorship analysis predicted an 80% stem survival rate at 43 months. A precise fit and fill of the femoral canal is not in itself sufficient for femoral implant stability in total hip arthroplasty surgery.