影响鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗后视力改善的相关因素分析

目的：鞍结节脑膜瘤常会因为压迫视神经导致视力丧失，手术治疗最重要目的是为了改善视力．视力恢复的程度也是衡量手术治疗效果的重要指标。本文重点分析显微外科手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤影响视力功能改善的相关因素。方法：回顾近10年来手术治疗的51例鞍结节脑膜瘤病例，这些患者均接受经翼点入路或经额下入路手术治疗。其中41例（80．4％）患者就诊时有视力障碍症状，男17例，女24例，平均42．4岁。症状中位持续时间为11个月。单眼视力障碍25例，双眼视力障碍16例，2例只有视野的缩小。通过MRI测量肿瘤的直径为0．6～5．4cm．无和轻度瘤周水肿26例，严重瘤周水肿15例。结果：手术全切率为80．4％。术前有视力障碍的术后30例（73．2％）改善，2例（4．9％）加重，9例（22％）无变化。术后其他并发症包括：尿崩症8例（均为术后一过性，术后1周内缓解）。垂体功能低下2例，癫痫2例，下丘脑功能障碍1例，颅内感染1例。随访6～60个月。结论：标准的显微外科开颅术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤，暴露充分，肿瘤全切率高且并发症少。分析发现以下因素不利于术后视力功能的改善：患者年龄大于60岁；视神经功能障碍超过1年；视神经功能障碍严重；瘤周水肿明显；肿瘤与脑组织间缺少明确的蛛网膜层面；肿瘤未能全切。     

鞍区脑膜瘤患者的临床特征及不同入路手术治疗临床效果分析

目的:研究鞍区脑膜瘤患者的临床特征及不同入路手术治疗临床效果,旨在为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法:选取我院在2011年10月至2016年10月期间收治的56例鞍区脑膜瘤患者.观察鞍旁型脑膜瘤与鞍上型脑膜瘤的临床特点,比较通过单侧额下入路与翼点入路的治疗差异,为鞍区脑膜瘤患者寻找好的治疗方式.结果:在本组所研究的56例患者中,SimpsonⅠ级与Ⅱ级共计39例,全切治疗率为69.64%,Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级分别为13例与4例;鞍上型脑膜瘤24例,鞍旁型脑膜瘤32例,鞍上型脑膜瘤出现视力下降、垂体受压、视野缺损、视神经或视交叉受压例数均高于鞍旁型脑膜瘤(P<0.05);两种入路方式在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间等比较均无差异(P>0.05).结论:鞍旁型脑膜瘤与鞍上型脑膜瘤临床特点各异,鞍上型脑膜瘤对视力、视野、垂体受压、视神经压迫的影响比鞍旁型脑膜瘤更大.而在临床治疗中两种入路方式比较无差异,均能获得较好的临床疗效,值得在临床上推广.     

眶上锁孔入路在鞍结节脑膜瘤手术中的应用

背景与目的：鞍结节脑膜瘤手术是神经外科中有挑战性的难题。本研究探讨眶上匙孔入路在切除小型鞍结节脑膜瘤手术中的应用价值、手术技巧及其适应证。方法：回顾分析瑞金医院神经外科采用眶上匙孔入路治疗的21例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果：21例患者出院时均恢复良好,肿瘤全切除20例（93.3%）,术后视力改善者19例（86.7%）,没有与手术入路相关的严重术后并发症。结论：对于有经验的神经外科医生来说,大多数小于3cm的鞍结节脑膜瘤可以通过眶上匙孔入路切除;尽管开颅骨孔小,但可提供足够的空间进行颅内操作切除肿瘤,并保护脑和其他重要结构;手术全切除率高,并发症少,手术效果良好。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 总结鞍结节脑膜瘤的治疗效果,以提高鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗水平.方法 对2002年8月至2005年12月接受手术的14例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.所有的患者都采用显微手术.结果 根据Simpson分级标准肿瘤全切除率为85.7%,无手术死亡患者.71.4%的患者术后视力得到满意的恢复.结论 根据肿瘤的大小选择手术入路,应用显微外科技术能够提高鞍结节脑膜瘤的治疗效果.     

53例鞍区肿瘤的眼部临床表现

目的：提高鞍区肿瘤的诊断率，避免漏诊，误诊。方法：回顾性总结５３例鞍区肿瘤的眼部有现及其相关性性体征。结果：合并眼部症状３４例，以视力下降为首发症状占３０％，临床上常以视神经乳头炎，视神经萎缩，屈光不正，视疲劳而误诊。结论：对不同原因视力下降，视力改变的病人，要详细询问病史，详查视野，常规行囊鞍Ｘ线片，必要时行ＣＴ检查。     

颅内外沟通型巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤全切除并颅底重建

目的探讨颅内外沟通型巨大鞍给节脑膜瘤的诊断与治疗及鞍结节脑膜瘤的分型。方法4例直径为6．8～7.2cm的鞍结节脑膜瘤经双额冠状开颅额下入路切除并肌肉、阔筋膜和生物胚颅底重建。结果肿瘤全切除3例，次全切除1例，颅底重建4例，随访7月至3年，效果良好。结论对首发症状表现为视力减退者，应行CT或/和MR检查，以排除鞍结节脑膜瘤的可能；颅内外沟通型巨大鞍给节脑膜瘤经双额开颅额下入路并肌肉、阔筋膜、生物胶颅底重建效果佳；建议将鞍结节脑膜瘤分为5型：即肿瘤直径在2．5cm以下为小型，2．5～4cm为中型，4～6cm为大型，6cm以上为巨大型，有颅内外沟通者列为颅内外沟通型     

脑垂体腺瘤合并鞍区脑膜瘤一例

患者，男，24岁，因视力下降伴性欲降低2年，伴头疼，呕吐1月余来诊，门诊以“垂体腺瘤？”收入院。入院查体：神志清，精神好，左眼视力丧失，右眼视力明显下降，右眼颞倒视野缺损；胡须、腋毛缺乏，阴毛稀少，皮肤细腻，体胖，余（－）。头颅CT示：鞍区见6．2Cm×6Cm×4cm分叶状肿块，强化密度不均，CT值为28－72Hu，鞍底见骨质吸收破坏。蝶鞍拍片示：鞍结节部位骨质增生，蝶鞍扩大。入院后1周行鞍区肿瘤切除术。术中穿刺肿瘤可抽出5ml淡黄色液体，鞍上肿瘤质韧，血供丰富，周边有完整包膜，处理鞍隔上肿瘤包膜时发现鞍隔上仍有肿瘤组…     

53例鞍区肿瘤的眼部临床表现

目的：提高鞍区肿瘤的诊断率，避免漏诊、误诊．方法；回顾性总结53例鞍区肿瘤的眼部临床表现及其相关阳性体征。结果：合并眼部症状34例，以视力下降为首发症状占30％，临床上常以视神经乳头炎、视神经萎缩、屈光不正、视疲劳而误诊。结论：对不明原因视力下降、视力改变的病人，要详细询问病史，详查视野，常规行蝶鞍X线片，必要时行CT检查。     

内分泌器官

垂体腺瘤所致的视器症状。王鸿启。解放军医学杂志2:440,1965。手术证实为垂体腺瘤20例之眼部检查结果:(一)视力定位诊断,如单眼视力减退或双眼中一侧加重,肿瘤多系累及视交叉前部,且偏于视力减退或减退较重侧。若双眼减退大致相同,肿瘤多压迫视交叉上中部。若中央视力减退迅速或突然发生,肿瘤多属囊性或囊内出血;缓慢发生者多为实性肿瘤。视力障碍是手术治疗的适应症,无视力障碍可行放疗,放疗过程中,若视力继续恶化,应即停止治疗。视力良好者预后佳,反之预后不良。(二)视野检查对诊断有重大意义,著     

误诊为鞍内肿瘤的动脉瘤2例报告并文献复习

背景与目的：不典型的鞍区病变易于误诊，特别是鞍内动脉瘤，误诊后的处理往往十分被动。本文结合我们误诊的两例鞍内动脉瘤，探讨鞍内动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及误诊后的处理措施。方法：分析我们误诊的两例鞍内动脉瘤的临床资料，并复习文献。结果：1例患者术前误诊为鞍区骨源性病变，1例误诊为垂体瘤，均存经蝶手术过程中发生汹涌出血，术后脑血管造影提示为颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤。视力下降、视野缺损、垂体功能低下及高泌乳素血症是其主要临床表现。磁共振上的异常流空信号为其特征性的影像改变。结论：非典型的鞍内动脉瘤诊断困难；当磁共振为非典型的鞍区病变表现，且有垂体功能低下和（或）视力下降时，或磁共振显示有异常的流空信号，应常规行脑血管造影检查。     

Meningotheliomatous meningioma accompanied by aspergillosis at the skull base

A 73-year-old man was admitted because of right frontal headache and gradual loss of right visual acuity, which had been occurring for 1 year. He had been treated with corticosteroids under the diagnosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis at a nearby clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a nodular lesion at the tuberculum sellae, which showed isointensity on T1-weighted images, iso-to low-intensity on T2-weighted images, and heterogeneous enhancement with Gd-DTPA. Meningioma was diagnosed, and surgery was performed but was limited to biopsy because of intraoperative detection of purulent inflammation of the nodule. Histologic examination revealed aspergillosis in a portion of the meningotheliomatous meningioma. The patient died of meningoencephalitis about 1 month after surgery in spite of extensive treatment with antifungal agents. MRI findings of meningioma and aspergillosis are similar, thus making preoperative diagnosis difficult. However, this case provides evidence that aspergillosis should be included in the differential diagnosis when a skull-base meningioma-like nodule is noted if sinusitis is revealed in the sphenoid sinus.     

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas — Non-surgical Treatment

AimsOptic nerve sheath meningiomas typically present with unilateral visual deterioration. Here, a single centre's experience with radiotherapy aimed at local control and visual stabilisation is presented.Materials and methodsThe meningioma database within the Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital was audited for patients whose meningiomas took origin from the optic nerve sheath. Excluded from this evaluation was any patient whose meningioma secondarily involved the optic nerve. Where vision was not a consideration, treatment was given by stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with retained vision. The remaining patients were treated by fractionated radiotherapy, predominately via a stereotactic approach. The main end points were: lack of radiological progression of the tumour and maintenance of preradiotherapy vision.ResultsThere were 15 eligible patients, one patient with neurofibromatosis had bilateral optic nerve involvement; thus, 16 optic nerves were treated. Women (10) outnumbered men (five) and the age range was 7–74 years. One patient progressed outside the volume treated (for a geographical failure) with no infield progression. This patient became blind, was re-treated by stereotactic radiosurgery, had tumour control and vision improved. Thus, for 17 optic nerves (or part thereof) treated, all patients ultimately had local control (100%) with worsening of vision only occurring in one patient. No other late morbidity was present for any patient.ConclusionOptic nerve sheath meningiomas have high local control rates and preservation of vision with radiotherapy.     

巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的：探讨巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗的入路选择及术中、术后注意要点。方法：对12例巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：12例均采用显微手术下超声刀切除,其中8例恢复良好,2例死亡,2例植物生存。结论：巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤选择适当的手术入路,采取大部分切除,必要时去骨瓣可取得满意的疗效。     

Radiation retinopathy is treatable with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor bevacizumab (Avastin)

PURPOSE: To report on bevacizumab treatment for radiation retinopathy affecting the macula. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with radiation retinopathy (edema, hemorrhages, capillary dropout, and neovascularization) and a subjective or objective loss of vision were treated. Treatment involved intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg in 0.05 mL) every 6-12 weeks. Treatment was discontinued at patient request or if there was no measurable response to therapy. Main outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity, ophthalmic examination, retinal photography, and angiography. RESULTS: Bevacizumab treatment was followed by reductions in retinal hemorrhage, exudation, and edema. Visual acuities were stable or improved in 86% (n=18). Three patients discontinued therapy. Each was legally blind before treatment (n=1), experienced little to no subjective improvement (n=2), or was poorly compliant (n=2). Three patients (14%) regained 2 or more lines of visual acuity. No ocular or systemic bevacizumab-related side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab can be used to treat radiation retinopathy. In most cases treatment was associated with decreased vascular leakage, stabilization, or improved vision. An anti-vascular endothelial growth factor strategy may reduce tissue damage associated with radiation vasculopathy and neuropathy.     

眶上锁孔入路及超声吸引器在鞍结节脑膜瘤手术的应用

目的 探讨眶上锁孔入路、超声吸引器在鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗中的应用效果。 方法 分析2014年1月至2017年1月福建医科大学附属协和医院和柳州市中医医院收治的65例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料，根据手术治疗方法分为对照组与观察组。其中32例患者接受常规手术治疗为对照组，另33例患者接受眶上锁孔入路、超声吸引器治疗为观察组。比较两组患者肿瘤有效切除率、神经功能缺损程度（GCS评分）、并发症及生活质量。 结果 观察组患者肿瘤有效切除率（9667%）高于对照组（7813%）（P＜005）。两组患者神经功能缺损程度术前差异无统计学意义（P＞005），术后观察组神经功能缺损程度低于对照组（GCS评分1598±123比1259±122）（P＜005）。观察组患者并发症发生率（606%）低于对照组（2188%）（P＜005）。两组患者术前生活质量SF 36评分差异无统计学意义（P＞005），术后在生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康评分均有升高，但观察组患者术后以上各项评分均高于对照组（均P＜005）。 结论 眶上锁孔入路联合超声吸引器治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤疗效较佳，能在提高治疗效果的同时改善患者生活质量，术后并发症少，神经损伤小，值得临床推广应用。     

Ocular toxicity during adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for early breast cancer: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group trials

BACKGROUND: Others have reported ocular toxicity after adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy, but this study looked at ocular toxicity in similarly treated patients from large randomized clinical trials. METHODS: Information was retrieved on incidence and timing of ocular toxicity from the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) database of 4948 eligible patients randomized to receive tamoxifen or toremifene alone or in combination with chemotherapy (either concurrently or sequentially). Case reports of patients with ocular toxicity were evaluated to determine whether ocular toxicity occurred during chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. Additional information was obtained from participating institutions for patients in whom ocular toxicity occurred after chemotherapy but during administration of tamoxifen or toremifene. RESULTS: Ocular toxicity was reported in 538 of 4948 (10.9%) patients during adjuvant treatment, mainly during chemotherapy. Forty-five of 4948 (0.9%) patients had ocular toxicity during hormone therapy alone, but only 30 (0.6%) patients had ocular toxicity reported either without receiving any chemotherapy or beyond 3 months after completing chemotherapy and, thus, possibly related to tamoxifen or toremifene. In 3 cases, retinal alterations, without typical aspects of tamoxifen toxicity, were reported; 4 patients had cataract (2 bilateral), 12 impaired visual acuity, 10 ocular irritation, 1 optical neuritis, and the rest had other symptoms. CONCLUSION: Ocular toxicity during adjuvant therapy is a common side effect mainly represented by irritative symptoms due to chemotherapy. By contrast, ocular toxicity during hormonal therapy is rare and does not appear to justify a regular program of ocular examination. However, patients should be informed of this rare side effect so that they may seek prompt ophthalmic evaluation for ocular complaints.     

Clinical Characteristics of 95 Patients With Ocular Adnexal and Uveal Lymphoma: Treatment Outcomes in Extranodal Marginal Zone Subtype

BackgroundLymphoma rarely presents in the ocular adnexa but is usually extranodal marginal zone (ENMZ) lymphoma when it does. Involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) is the standard of care for unilateral disease, but the optimal management of more extensive disease is unclear.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 95 patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) or uveal lymphoma treated or diagnosed at our institution. All patients identified were included in the risk factor analysis for progression-free survival (PFS). The initial treatment-related outcomes were assessed for ENMZ OAL only (n = 62).ResultsWith a median follow-up of 32 months, significant risk factors for PFS after initial treatment were age (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.74), female gender (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.00), and a history of lymphoma (hazard ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-4.78). In ENMZ, IFRT was associated with improved PFS (median, 5.4 years; P < .001). Progression occurred in 7 of 39 (23%), with 6 of the 7 (86%) at systemic sites. Single-agent rituximab was typically used for bilateral ocular or systemic presentations of ENMZ OAL. Progression occurred in 7 of 11 (64%), with no progression at systemic sites. All progression events in those initially treated with rituximab occurred in the ocular adnexa.ConclusionThe results of the present study have confirmed IFRT as the standard for unilateral ENMZ OAL. Single-agent rituximab was an effective agent for bilateral ocular or systemic ENMZ OAL, particularly for systemic control, but ocular progression should be closely monitored. Combined modality therapy should be studied further in bilateral and systemic ENMZ OAL.