胸腹水鉴别诊断的实验探讨

目的 :探讨应用生化指标鉴别渗出性和漏出性胸腹水。方法 :对 2 5例渗出液和 2 0例漏出液患者胸腹水及血清中LDH、TP、IgG和IgA的含量同时进行检测 ,并计算出比值。结果 :渗出液组LDH比值、TP比值、IgG比值、IgA比值分别为 1 13± 0 45 ,0 65± 0 0 7,0 64± 0 0 9,0 61± 0 16;漏出液组分别是 0 2 1± 0 14 ,0 2 3± 0 12 ,0 2± 0 13 ,0 2± 0 13。两组间具有非常显著性差异 ( P <0 0 1)。除IgA比值在渗出液组的特异性为 88% ,其余指标在两组中的特异性均超过 90 %。结论 :LDH比值、TP比值、IgG比值及IgA比值可以作为鉴别渗出性和漏出性胸腹水可靠而又实用的指标。     

C-反应蛋白检测在鉴别胸腹水性质中的临床价值

目的 了解胸腹腔积液C-反应蛋白(CRP)检测与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白在判断胸腹水渗出液/漏出液中的关系.方法 110例胸腹腔积液测定其总蛋白、总蛋白/血清总蛋白、LDH、LDH/血清LDH与免疫比浊法测定积液中CRP水平,进行比对评价.结果 根据Light标准判断出110例胸腹腔积液中渗出液为71例,漏出液为39例;积液中CRP定量测定渗出液组明显高于漏出液组(P＜0.01).其具有较高敏感度,特异度及准确度.结论 胸腹腔积液CRP定量测定有助于临床鉴别渗出液与漏出液的性质,与Light判断标准同时检测积液中的CRP并进行综合判断,将对疾病的诊断、治疗和预后有更大的临床意义.     

胸水胆固醇和尿酸在鉴别渗出液和漏出液中的价值

目的探讨胸水胆固醇(Pch)浓度、胸水与血清胆固醇(Sch)浓度的比值(P/Sch)、胸水尿酸(Pua)浓度对胸腔积液渗漏性的鉴别诊断价值.方法对85例胸腔积液患者检测Pch和65例患者检测Pua,并计算出P/Sch,分别研究Pch、P/Sch、Pua、胸水总蛋白(Ptpr)对胸水渗漏性诊断的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、灵敏度、特异性与诊断效率.结果 Pch、P/Sch、Pua、Ptpr对胸水渗出液诊断的灵敏度分别为96.2%、90.4%、79.5%和90.6%,特异性分别为100.0%、89.7%、61.9%和80.6%.Pch鉴别渗出液和尿酸鉴别漏出液的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.986和0.655.结论 Pch、P/Sch、Ptpr对胸水渗出液具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,ROC亦证明Pch鉴别渗出液和Pua监测漏出液是可行的,Pch的诊断效率最高(P＜0.05).Pua对胸水监测漏出液有一定价值,尿酸增加表示机体抗氧化状态佳,提示预后较好.     

胸腹水与血清中前清蛋白的联合检测及意义

目的 探讨患者胸腹水和血清中前清蛋白(PA)测定对良、恶性胸腹水以及渗出液、漏出液鉴别的意义.方法 将82例患者的胸腹水标本分为2组,良性胸腹水组43例,恶性胸腹水组39例;根据胸腹水形成原因又将82例胸腹水标本分为渗出液组和漏出液组,渗出液组51例,漏出液组31例,分别测定患者的胸腹水标本和血清标本中的PA浓度,并对检测结果进行比较分析.结果 良性胸腹水组和恶性胸腹水组中的PA浓度和胸腹水、血清PA浓度比值的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);漏出液组的PA浓度和胸腹水、血清PA浓度比值均明显低于渗出液组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 胸腹水标本与血清标本中PA测定对渗出液和漏出液的鉴别具有一定的价值.     

胸水胆固醇和尿酸在鉴别渗出液和漏出液中的价值

目的　探讨胸水胆固醇(Pch)浓度、胸水与血清胆固醇(Sch)浓度的比值(P/Sch)、胸水尿酸(Pua)浓 度对胸腔积液渗漏性的鉴别诊断价值。方法　对85例胸腔积液患者检测Pch和65例患者检测Pua,并计算出 P/Sch,分别研究Pch、P/Sch、Pua、胸水总蛋白(Ptpr)对胸水渗漏性诊断的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、灵敏度、 特异性与诊断效率。结果　Pch、P/Sch、Pua、Ptpr对胸水渗出液诊断的灵敏度分别为96.2%、90.4%、79.5%和 90.6%,特异性分别为100.0%、89.7%、61.9%和80.6%。Pch鉴别渗出液和尿酸鉴别漏出液的ROC曲线下面 积分别是0.986和0.655。结论　Pch、P/Sch、Ptpr对胸水渗出液具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,ROC亦证明Pch鉴 别渗出液和Pua监测漏出液是可行的,Pch的诊断效率最高(P<0.05)。Pua对胸水监测漏出液有一定价值,尿 酸增加表示机体抗氧化状态佳,提示预后较好。     

C反应蛋白检测在判断胸腹水积液性质中的价值

目的了解黏蛋白、比密（SG）检测与C-反应蛋白（CRP）在判断胸腹水渗出液／漏出液中的关系及诊断价值。方法134例胸腹腔积液采用黏蛋白定性（即Rivalta试验）、SG与免疫比浊法测定积液及血清中CRP水平，进行比对。结果用常规方法测定黏蛋白、SG，并以此判断出134例胸腹腔积液中渗出液为73例，漏出液为19例，不确定组为42例；积液及血清CRP定量测定渗出液组明显高于漏出液组（P均〈0．01）。其敏感度、特异度及准确度均高于常规方法。结论积液和血清CRP检测有助于临床鉴别渗出液和漏出液，但用经典的Rivalta试验、SG测定再同时检测积液或血清CRP并进行综合判断积液的性质将对疾病的诊断、治疗和预后有更雷女的音口     

胸腹腔积液CRP与生化指标测定的临床意义

目的探讨胸腹腔积C反应蛋白（CRP）、生化指标在鉴定胸腹腔积液性质中的临床意义及其相关性。方法收集63例胸腹腔积液，采用金标法做CRP定量检测与采用BECKMAN COUL LX20全自动生化仪做生化指标定量检测，结合临床诊断进行统计学分析处理。结果渗出性胸腹腔积液自动生化仪中CRP、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、总蛋白（TP）、腺苷脱胺酶（ADA）水平明显高于漏出液（P〈0．01），葡萄糖（GLU）水平低于漏出液（P〈0．05），差异有统计学意义。CRP与LDH、GLU、TP、ADA有一定相关性。结论CRP、LDH、GLU、TP、ADA浓度测定对鉴别胸腹水性质有一定临床价值。     

免疫球蛋白比值测定用于胸腹水漏出液与渗出液的鉴别

国内有关胸腹水免疫球蛋白比值测定的报道较少，本文对１０２例本院住院病人的胸腹水、血清标本同时进行了免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量的联合测定，计算胸腹水IgG／血清（IgG）、胸腹水IgA／血清IgA这两个比值的平均值，并作了对比分析。旨在探讨其比值的改变在鉴别胸腹水渗出液和漏出液中的作用。１材料与方法１．１样品来源本院住院患者１０２例胸腹水样品，分三组：（１）漏出性胸腹水组４１例（其中肝硬化腹水３６例，肾源性胸水５例）；（２）渗出性胸腹水组６１例（其中脓胸胸水１６例、胰腺炎腹水４例、结核性…     

甘胆酸测定对胸腹水性质的鉴别

用放射免疫法（RIA）测定了117例胸腹水甘胆酸（CG）浓度，并同时测定了CG浓度的胸腹水／血清比值。漏出液组（n＝25个）胸腹水（±Sμmol／L）为2．98±1．30，比值（±S）为0．23±0．04；化脓炎性组（n＝28）CG为28．0±18．8，比值为70±4．70；结核组（n＝57）CG为12．1±5．8，比值为3．02±1．40，癌症组（n＝12）CG为17．30±9．0比值为3．62±2．35。漏出液与三组渗出液的CG和比值统计比较均有非常显著差异。（P均＜0．001）。结果表明胸腹水CG及其与血清浓度比值测定对渗出液与漏出液的鉴别有意义。     

C反应蛋白检测在判断胸腹水积液性质中的价值

目的了解黏蛋白、比密(SG)检测与C-反应蛋白(CRP)在判断胸腹水渗出液/漏出液中的关系及诊断价值。方法134例胸腹腔积液采用黏蛋白定性(即R ivalta试验)、SG与免疫比浊法测定积液及血清中CRP水平,进行比对。结果用常规方法测定黏蛋白、SG,并以此判断出134例胸腹腔积液中渗出液为73例,漏出液为19例,不确定组为42例;积液及血清CRP定量测定渗出液组明显高于漏出液组(P均<0.01)。其敏感度、特异度及准确度均高于常规方法。结论积液和血清CRP检测有助于临床鉴别渗出液和漏出液,但用经典的R i-valta试验、SG测定再同时检测积液或血清CRP并进行综合判断积液的性质将对疾病的诊断、治疗和预后有更重大的意义。     

LEUKOCYTE-DEPENDENT HISTAMINE RELEASE FROM RABBIT PLATELETS : THE ROLE OF IGE, BASOPHILS, AND A PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR

We have studied the leukocyte-dependent mechanism of histamine release (LDHR) from rabbit platelets, a complement-independent mechanism which has been implicated in the deposition of immune complexes in acute serum sickness of rabbits. It was found by chromatography and passive transfer of serum from immunized rabbits that the antibody responsible for the LDHR was of IgE type. By electron microscope study of the reaction, the leukocyte involved in agglutination of platelets and release of their histamine content was identified as the basophil. Upon addition of antigen, basophils sensitized with IgE degranulated, released their histamine content and a platelet-activating factor (PAF) that caused aggregation of platelets and release of their histamine. Conditions of preparing and preserving PAF activity and some properties of this factor have been elucidated. LDHR must, therefore, be considered as an immediate hypersensitivity-type mechanism which may link allergic reactions with immunologic disease associated with severe structural injury.     

Outcomes and adverse events from physiotherapy functional restoration for lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy

Purpose.?To report the outcomes and adverse events of people diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy (LDHR) who were treated with a physiotherapy functional restoration programme.

Method.?Data on functional outcome (Oswestry score), work status, global rating of change, and adverse events were extracted from the files of all people with LDHR treated by three physiotherapists using functional restoration principles from 2001 to 2009.

Results.?Ninety-five participants were included. The Oswestry score reduced by a mean of 15.9 (95%% CI, 11.8–20.1) points between baseline and discharge following a mean (SD) of 8.7 (9.4) months of treatment. The proportion of participants working full-time increased from 37%% to 67%% between baseline and discharge (p < 0.001). Eighty per cent of participants reported overall improvement between baseline and discharge on the global rating of change scale (p < 0.001). Minor adverse events were reported by eight (8%%) participants, while one (1%%) participant developed adhesive capsulitis.

Conclusion.?People with LDHR who undertook a physiotherapy functional restoration programme achieved significant improvements in Oswestry disability scores, work status, and global rating of change, with few adverse events reported. A randomised controlled trial is warranted to determine the efficacy of functional restoration for people with this condition.     

Functional restoration for a chronic lumbar disk extrusion with associated radiculopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effectiveness of functional restoration (FR) for patients with lumbar disk herniation with associated radiculopathy (LDHR) is unclear. This case report describes how an FR program was used to rehabilitate a patient with such an injury. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was a 26-year-old female child care worker with a 12-month history of back pain and a 4-month history of unremitting left leg symptoms. She had clinical and radiological evidence of an L5-S1 disk extrusion with associated left S1 radiculopathy. Interventions. The patient completed a 9-week FR program supervised by a physical therapist. Exercises then were continued more independently for a 2-year period at a public gymnasium. OUTCOMES: Following 9 weeks of supervised FR, the patient demonstrated marked improvement in symptoms and functional ability, and resolution of neurological signs. Fourteen months after commencing FR, a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated resolution of the L5-S1 disk extrusion and relief of S1 nerve root compression. Functional improvements continued and were maintained 2 years following the start of intervention. DISCUSSION: A patient with chronic LDHR who underwent FR made significant improvements. Research is needed to determine the efficacy of an FR approach for treating such patients.     

C-反应蛋白及铁蛋白检测在判断胸腹水性质中的应用

目的探讨C-反应蛋白、铁蛋白检测在判断胸腹水性质中的价值。方法对100例胸腹水（渗出液75例、漏出液25例）患者,采用美国奥林帕斯AU-2700全自动生化分析仪进行C-反应蛋白测定,采用BACKMANCOULTER Access2全自动发光仪进行铁蛋白测定。结果漏出液中C-反应蛋白和铁蛋白的含量分别为（3.4±1.3）mg·L-1和（75.3±34.2）μg·L-1,渗出液中C-反应蛋白和铁蛋白的含量分别为（18.1±7.5）mg·L-1和（269.8±74.3）μg·L-1,渗出液中C-反应蛋白和铁蛋白的含量明显高于漏出液（均P〈0.01）。结论 C-反应蛋白与铁蛋白在渗出液与漏出液中的含量存在显著差异,其检测有助于鉴别渗出液和漏出液。     

Diagnostic value of ferritin analysis in pleural effusions

Ferritin was analysed with an immunoradiometric assay using anti-spleen ferritin antibodies, in pleural effusions (Pl) from 28 patients with malignant effusions (18 carcinoma, 10 mesothelioma), 15 patients with non-malignant exudative effusions of unknown aetiology, and from 12 patients with transudative effusions due to congestive cardiac failure. Geometric mean Pl-ferritin was 617 micrograms/l in carcinoma, 1301 micrograms/l in mesothelioma (p less than 0.01 against carcinoma), 931 micrograms/l in non-malignant exudates, and 178 micrograms/l in transudates (p less than 0.0001 against malignant and non-malignant exudates). There was no correlation between Pl-ferritin and Pl-protein, Pl-albumin or Pl-cell count. P1-ferritin displayed a wide overlap between the various groups, and was of no value in the discrimination between malignant and non-malignant exudates. In the differentiation between exudates and transudates, the diagnostic accuracy of Pl-ferritin was only slightly lower compared to Pl-protein and Pl-albumin. With the present method, analysis of Pl-ferritin appears to be of limited value in the routine diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions.     

麻醉犬等长收缩运动中血浆一氧化氮浓度变化及其对血流动力学的影响

目的通过麻醉犬等长收缩运动(IE)中一氧化氮(NO)变化及与注入一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)抑制剂前后IE时心血管指标变化的比较,探讨NO对IE时血流动力学变化的调节作用.方法成年健康杂种犬14只,在安静、IE 3、6、9min,恢复5、10、20min时测定NO及各项血液动力学指标;然后注入NOS抑制剂,重复原试验,测各时间点血流动力学指标.结果IE时NO浓度下降,IE 9min时下降23.6% (P＜0.05),恢复期NO浓度水平逐渐恢复.IE 9min时心率上升明显(P＜0.05)而注入NOS抑制剂后IE 9min时HR下降明显(P＜0.05).收缩压、舒张压及肺毛细血管楔嵌压在注入NOS抑制剂后三者的净增量均高于注入前(P＜0.05).在注入NOS抑制剂后总肺循环阻力、肺动脉阻力、体循环血管阻力均明显上升(P＜0.05).结论急性运动时NO浓度水平下降;NO 不但可以降低外周血管阻力也可降低肺血管阻力,从而减轻IE时的心血管负荷.     

Diagnostic value of uric acid to differentiate transudates and exudates.

Uric acid is known to be an end product of purine metabolism. Increases in uric acid may be found in clinical conditions associated with tissue hypoxia. We have investigated the value of uric acid to differentiate between a transudate and exudate. In this study, we measured uric acid in the pleural fluid and the serum of 110 patients, 30 women and 80 men with a mean age of 49.5+/-19 years. Light's criteria were used to differentiate between a transudate and exudate. Mean serum uric acid was 496.7+/-153.4 micromol/l in patients with transudates and 291.3+/-143.1 micromol/l in patients with exudates. Mean pleural fluid uric acid was 487.7+/-165 micromol/l in patients with transudates and 279.9+/-142.1 micromol/l in patients with exudates. These data showed that the levels of serum and pleural uric acid were higher in transudates than exudates (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between pleural fluid/serum uric acid ratio of the two patient groups (p>0.05). The specificity and sensitivity of pleural uric acid for diagnosis of transudate effusions were 73% and 80.6%, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of pleural uric acid for diagnosis of transudate effusions from exudates without malignancy were 71.8% and 91.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of pleural lactate dehydrogenase for diagnosis of exudates were 82% and 89%; the sensitivity and specificity of pleural fluid/serum lactate dehydrogenase were 85% and 89%; the sensitivity and specificity of pleural fluid/serum protein were 91% and 89%, respectively. Using all three of Light's criteria together, the sensitivity was 91% and its specificity was 94%. Our findings indicate that determination of uric acid in pleural fluid may be of diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of transudates and exudates. The sensitivity of pleural uric acid measurement was higher for exudates without malignancy. However, Light's criteria remain the best means of separating transudates from exudates.     

Hemodynamics changes after tilting and the efficacy of preventive drugs

Background: We investigated whether hemodynamics changes during head-up tilt test (HUT) predict the efficacy of preventive drugs in neurally mediated syncope (NMS) patients, in order to clarify the differences between drug responders and nonresponders.
Method: In 402 patients with syncope, we examined HUT. In 66 patients with induced NMS, we administered propranolol when heart rate (HR) > 60 and systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 100 mmHg. When HR ≤ 60 or SBP ≥ 100, we administered disopyramide. After administration of each drug we examined HUT test again.
Results: Propranolol prevented NMS in 9/20 patients (propranolol responder group (pro-res group)). In pro-res group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at upright position (UP) before propranolol were significantly increased as compared to those at supine position (SP) (P < 0.05). But in propranolol nonresponder (pro-nonres group) SBP was not increased. After propranolol, DBP and TPR at UP was not increased in pro-nonres group. Propranolol inhibited the increase of low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) after tilting in pro-res group. Disopyramide prevented NMS in 14/32 patients (disopyramide responder group (dis-res group)). In dis-res group, DBP and TPR at UP before disopyramide was significantly increased as compared to that at SP (DBP P < 0.0001, TPR P < 0.05). But in disopyramide nonresponder group (dis-nonres group), DBP and TPR were not increased. After disopyramide, DBP and TPR at SP were significantly increased as compared to that before disopyramide in dis-res group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The hemodynamics changes after tilting during HUT predict the efficacy of two preventive drugs for NMS induced by HUT.     

PDE对临界高血压病左心功能和总外周阻力的研究

应用脉冲多普勒超声心动图（ＰＤＥ）观察临界高血压（ＢＨＰ）组和正常对照组各２５例的左心功能和总外周阻力（ＴＰＲ）。结果表明，左心收缩功能两组比较差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），左心舒张功能两组比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。总外周阻力ＢＨＰ组增高，两组比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明ＢＨＰ组左心舒张早期功能受损和总外周阻力增加。     

Use of [123I]-BMIPP myocardial scintigraphy for the clinical evaluation of a fatty-acid metabolism disorder of the right ventricle in chronic respiratory and pulmonary vascular disease

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether or not right ventricle (RV) uptake of iodine-123-labelled-beta-methyliodophenylpentadecanoic acid ([123I]-BMIPP) correlated with the degree of right ventricular pressure overload (RVPO). Myocardial scintigraphy of [123I]-BMIPP and thallium-201 (201Tl) was performed on 46 patients with RVPO. We determined the right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle (LV) ratio = (radioactivities of RV)/(radioactivities of LV), and the RV metabolic index (RVMI) = (RV/LV ratio of [123I]-BMIPP)/(RV/LV ratio of 201Tl). We also evaluated the correlation between RVMI and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), and between RVMI and total pulmonary resistance (TPR). Significant correlations were found between the RV/LV ratio of [123I]-BMIPP and mPAP and between the RV/LV ratio of [123I]-BMIPP and TPR. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between RVMI and mPAP and between RVMI and TPR. RVMI declined as RVPO increased, suggesting the presence of a fatty-acid metabolism disorder of the RV. Moreover, [123I]-BMIPP myocardial scintigraphy could be useful for evaluating a disorder of the fatty-acid metabolism of the RV with RVPO.