在琼脂免疫扩散试验中应用多糖、脂多糖和β—葡聚糖抗原诊断牛布病

迫切需要研究一种能将人工免疫与自然感染布氏菌的牛相区别的方法。因为在标准的血清学试验中,所用的牛种光滑型脂多糖抗原同感染牛和S_(19)免疫牛血清都发生抗原—抗体反应,而且这种反应在免疫后持续很长时间,因此众多学者致力于选择性试验的研究和抗原的研制。这些研究结果表明由羊种菌B_(115)所分离的多糖B(PolyB)与感染牛种菌血清凝集,而与S_(19)菌苗免疫的牛血清不凝集。多     

我国犬种布鲁氏菌病研究进展

犬种菌布病(Canine Brucellosis)是布鲁氏菌病中的一种。犬感染布病分为两种类型:一种是由B.melitensis、B.abortus、B.suis菌引起的,称转移型;另一种是由B.canis菌引起的,称最适寄生型。人和动物也可以被B.canis菌感染。凡被B.canis菌感染发病均称犬种菌布病。本文专题讨论B.cants感染等某些问题。 犬种菌布病是1966年Carmichael等从美国200例流产的Beagle狗中首次分到B.canis菌而确定的。这个工作很快为世界上     

五省区犬种布鲁氏菌病的调查报告

本文通过对五省区的2354份犬血清的调查表明 皆有 B.canis 菌感染情况存在,平均感染率为7.48%.B.Canis 感染犬后可以产生不同类型抗体。与分离细菌吻合率最高的是 GyT和 RBPT.RBPT 方法简便,易判定,特异性较强,可作为犬被感染与否的筛选。     

福建省首次分离出犬种布鲁氏菌(B.canis)

<正> 自1966年Carmichael等在美国第一次从小猎犬中分离出犬种布鲁氏菌后[1],法国、巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷和日本等近十个国家相继作了有关B.canis感染的报道[2、3]。1984年尚德秋等[4]从美国进口的Beagle狗和中国草狗中分离出B.canis菌,这是我国首次报道。尔后,国内一些省区开始犬种菌布病的调查。1986年在漳平县对农村居民饲养的105只犬进行了B.canis感染的血清学和病原学调查,结果发现犬的感染率为19.04％,并从6只犬分离出B.canis,首次证实福建存在犬种菌布病的疫源地。     

棉鼠丝虫、魏氏棘唇线虫、犬恶丝虫三种抗原在纳塔耳多乳鼠的实验感染过程中作为被动皮肤过敏试验的致酶原及酶联免疫吸附试验时的适应性

作者分别从感染棉鼠丝虫和魏氏棘唇线虫的纳塔耳乳鼠和感染犬恶丝虫的狗检出的成虫,经冻干、研磨成匀浆,离心后的上清液即为抗原,以此作为被动皮肤过敏试验(PCA)的致敏原及作酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测屯G抗体的抗原。并用棉鼠丝虫、魏氏棘唇线虫、马来丝虫、彭亨丝虫的感染期幼虫,分别感染的纳塔耳多乳鼠作实验,在感染后的不同时间(直至感染后350天),从鼠的眶后静脉丛采血,分离血清,进行     

杂交瘤细胞凝集试验诊断血吸虫病的实验研究

目的用杂交瘤细胞凝集试验(hybridomacellsagglutinationtest,HCAT)诊断实验日本血吸虫病,并探讨杂交瘤细胞在特异性血清中凝集的机制。方法分泌抗血吸虫31/32kDa抗原单抗的杂交瘤细胞H226经特定处理后分别与感染日本血吸虫尾蚴10、30和50条的小鼠血清孵育,动态观察感染后不同时间的凝集反应。上述杂交瘤细胞涂片后与日本血吸虫感染兔血清进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFT),以探讨凝集机制。结果杂交瘤细胞在感染鼠血清中呈现凝集反应:感染后2wk时,50条尾蚴感染组中70％HCAT阳性,至第5周,全部感染小鼠均出现阳性反应。抗原滴度在感染后逐步升高,感染后6wk时达到最高。重度感染鼠的抗原滴度明显高于中、轻度感染鼠。IFT显示,在杂交瘤细胞膜表面呈现特异性的黄绿色荧光,而细胞内未见显色。结论HCAT是一种血吸虫病诊断新方法。     

公主岭市2002～2004年人间布氏菌病血清学监测结果

对公主岭市 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 4年布氏菌病暴发点的病人、周围人群及暴发点发生一年后回顾性调查人群和全市 32个乡镇部分牛、羊养殖户养殖人员进行血清学检测 ,共收集血清 837份 ,阳性 6 2份 ,阳性率 7.4 %。在 6 2例阳性患者中 ,布氏菌病平板试验均阳性 ,布氏菌病试管试验有 2例出现前滞现象 ,即滴度为 1∶2 5～ 1∶5 0时抗原抗体不发生凝集反映 ,当滴度 >1∶10 0时出现凝集反应 ,提示在布氏菌病试管试验时应适当提高稀释倍数 ,增高阳性检出率。 1例患者的流行病学、临床表现均符合布氏菌病 ,试管试验阴性 ,但布氏菌病平板试验凝集时间大约…     

河南省首次从家犬中分离出犬种布鲁氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的报告

<正> 犬种布鲁氏菌(B.canis)(以下简称犬种布氏菌),自1966年Carmiehacl等首次从美国流产的小猎犬中分离到后,二十多年来先后在日本、德国、墨西哥、秘鲁、阿根廷和巴西等国都有B.canis感染的报道,国内尚德秋等1984年在上海第一医学院实验动物部从进口的Beagle狗和中国草狗中首次分离出两株B.canis的报告。小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(rersinia-enteoclitica)(以下简称耶氏菌),能引起人和家畜肠道疾病,本菌在自然界分布甚广,尤其是与人密切接触的猪、狗等家畜作为传染源的危害较大。为了解我省家犬是否有犬种布氏菌及耶氏菌的存在及对人群健康的关系,我们于1987年3～4月在罗山、鹿邑两县进行了犬种布氏菌和耶氏菌调查,现将结果报告于下。     

4头猪耶氏菌感染误诊为布氏菌感染

布病与0∶9型耶氏菌的血清学交叉反应,国外早有报告,国内亦有数篇报告。最近我们发现4份猪血清,按布病常规检测方法判定为布病阳性,经过鉴别试验,确认为耶氏菌感染,类似例子不少,特此介绍,以引起重视。 材料和方法 一、标本来源 在莆田调查布病时,使用布病试管凝集试验法检查猪血清,有4份血清抗体滴度达到1∶100～1∶400,按规定应判为布病阳性。 二、检测方法 1.试管凝集抗原为兰州生物制品研究所产品,在有效期内使用。 2.快速酶斑点试验:在前文的基础上,改用0∶3型耶氏菌外膜蛋白为抗原,布氏菌抗原为全菌可溶性抗原。将这两种抗原滴于同一条膜上,自然凉干后封闭。详细方法和判定见之文献。     

钩端螺旋体V-1单克隆抗体的特异性保护作用的研究

钩端螺旋体的保护性抗体和血清学特异性凝集抗体均为以外膜抗原为基础的免疫学反应。这两种抗体的关系如何,过去各家看法不一。我们应用V-1单克隆抗体的型特异性凝集反应性和金地鼠被动保护力试验,证实了特异性凝集抗体与保护性抗体是一致的。因而提出了一个观点即:两种抗体实质上是钩体外膜抗原刺激机体所产生的一种抗体在不同反应系统中的不同表现。     

Treatment of Brucella canis and Brucella abortus in vitro and in vivo by stable plurilamellar vesicle-encapsulated aminoglycosides

Stable plurilamellar vesicles (SPLVs) entrapping aminoglycosides were used to treat infections due to Brucella species (Brucella canis and Brucella abortus). SPLV-entrapped antibiotics effectively eliminated internalized B. canis in cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages and internalized B. abortus in cultures of resident guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. In vivo studies demonstrated that SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides administered to B. canis-infected mice and B. abortus-infected guinea pigs effectively eliminated bacteria from infected organs. The dosage schedule used involved two intraperitoneal administrations of SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides at three-day intervals. The results demonstrate the superiority of SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides to free aminoglycosides in effecting elimination of facultative intracellular bacteria in vitro and in vivo. The use of SPLVs as a drug carrier has broad application to treatment of infections due to other organisms.     

在新疆地区首次检出犬种布鲁氏菌

犬种布氏菌不仅是犬种布病的病原菌,也能在人体中和其他动物间引起感染。 1966年Carmichael等首次报道,在美国从200例流产的Beagle狗中首先分离到犬种布氏菌。此后,相继在德国、巴西、墨西哥和阿根廷等国都从人和犬中分离到本菌。在国内尚德秋氏等于1984年报道在上海第一医学院实验动物部的犬中分离到两株犬种布氏菌。     

糖皮质激素对皮肤癣菌生长影响的研究

目的通过真菌培养、动物模型观察糖皮质激素对皮肤癣菌生长的影响。方法实验室研究:采用琼脂稀释法,实验组选用含0.1%去炎松的沙氏培养基,对照组单独应用沙氏培养基,分别接种红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌,观察菌落的大小、形态。动物试验:分别取生长在含0.1%去炎松的沙氏培养基上生长的须癣毛癣菌和普通沙氏培养基上生长的须癣毛癣菌接种在豚鼠上,建立动物模型,观察动物皮损改变及病理改变。结果发现应用糖皮质激素可使皮损加重,但并不是在感染初期立即加重,而是在1周以后。结论不能单独应用激素治疗真菌感染,但可以在一周之内应用抗真菌药与糖皮质激素联合应用的复方制剂,有效改善炎症后单独应用抗真菌药以达到治疗目的。     

Bronchoalveolar lavage and histologic characterization of late asthmatic response in guinea pigs

To elucidate the mechanisms of late asthmatic response (LAR) observed in asthmatic subjects, we have developed an animal model of LAR using guinea pigs. Fifty guinea pigs were immunized with a mixture of Ascaris suum extract and aluminum hydroxide and then challenged with an inhalation of Ascaris suum extract without anesthesia. Twenty of the 50 guinea pigs showed a dual asthmatic response in which the LAR occurred 3 to 6 h after immediate asthmatic response (IAR). Histologic studies by rapid freezing with liquid nitrogen or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed in 14 of these 20 guinea pigs with LAR and compared with those in 10 of 18 guinea pigs with only IAR, 10 control guinea pigs, and 10 nonimmunized but challenged guinea pigs. Both the percentage and the absolute number of neutrophils in the BAL fluid of the guinea pigs with LAR were significantly greater than those of the control guinea pigs (p less than 0.02) and than those of the nonimmunized but challenged guinea pigs (p less than 0.02). However, that of guinea pigs with LAR was not significantly different from that of guinea pigs with only IAR. On the other hand, histologic examination showed that eosinophil infiltration within the airway walls of the guinea pigs with LAR was more prominent than that of the guinea pigs with only IAR, and showed that there was no significant difference in neutrophil infiltration within the airway walls between the guinea pigs with LAR and the animals with only IAR. Contraction of airway (bronchus, bronchiole) smooth muscle, submucosal edema, and mucus in airway lumen were also observed in LAR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Specificity and sensitivity of skin test reactions to extracts of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum II. Homologous 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests with sera from infected guinea pigs.

The specificity and sensitivity of adult and larval somatic antigens and perienteric fluid of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum were investigated by using a modified passive cutaneous anaphylaxis procedure in guinea pigs. Pooled sera from animals infected with low doses (0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 egg/g) were most reactive with the homologous larval antigen preparation. However, the Toxocara antisera were highly reactive with this antigen only, whereas the Ascaris antisera reactions could not be interpreted as being clearly positive with any of the antigen preparations. Sera from hyperinfected animals were also reactive with the homologous larval antigen. In addition, Ascaris larval antigen was reactive with Toxocara antiserum. The reciprocal relationship, i.e., reactivity of Toxocara larval antigen with Ascaris antiserum, was no apparent. In no instance did adult antigens induce reactions that could be interpreted as specific or sensitive indicators of antibody.     

Changes of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy in guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy whether or not correlated to the gastrointestinal migrating myoeiectric complex (MMC) in guinea pigs. METHODS: Gallbladder motilities were assessed before cholecystectomy. Furthermore, we continuously monitored interdigestive gastrointestinal motilities using bipolar electrodes in conscious guinea pigs before and after surgery at 4 wk in standard diet group and high cholesterol diet (cholesterol gallstone) group. Total bile acid pool sizes were measured by isotope dilution method at meantime. RESULTS: After cholecystectomy, there were parallel falls in duration of phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and MMC cycle duration but increase in amplitude in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones. However, There were not significantly differences. On the other hand, the bile acid pool was definitely small in the GS guinea pigs compared to normal guinea pigs and became slightly smaller after cholecystectomy. Similarly, bile acid in gallbladder bile, fecal bile acid was slightly increased in GS guinea pigs after cholecystectomy, to the same degree as normal. These differences, however, were not significant. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones: (1) Cholecystectomy produce a similar but less marked trend in bile acid pool; and (2) MMC are linked to enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, rather than surgery, which is consistent with changes of the bile acid pool size. As a result, gastrointestinal dyskinesia is not involved in occurrence of postchole cystectomy syndrome.     

Ascorbic acid is essential for the release of insulin from scorbutic guinea pig pancreatic islets.

Pancreatic islets from young normal and scorbutic male guinea pigs were examined for their ability to release insulin when stimulated with elevated D-glucose. Islets from normal guinea pigs released insulin in a D-glucose-dependent manner showing a rapid initial secretion phase and three secondary secretion waves during a 120-min period. Islets from scorbutic guinea pigs failed to release insulin during the immediate period, and only delayed and decreased responses were observed over the 40-60 min after D-glucose elevation. Insulin release from scorbutic islets was greatly elevated if 5 mM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate was supplemented in the perifusion medium during the last 60 min of perifusion. When 5 mM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate was added to the perifusion medium concurrently with elevation of medium D-glucose, islets from scorbutic guinea pigs released insulin as rapidly as control guinea pig islets and to a somewhat greater extent. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate without elevated D-glucose had no effect on insulin release by islets from normal or scorbutic guinea pigs. The pancreas from scorbutic guinea pigs contained 2.4 times more insulin than that from control guinea pigs, suggesting that the decreased insulin release from the scorbutic islets was not due to decreased insulin synthesis but due to abnormal insulin secretion.     

Specificity and sensitivity of skin test reactions to extracts of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. I. Skin tests done on infected guinea pigs.

The specificity and sensitivity of adult and larval somatic antigens, and perienteric fluid of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum were investigated by using intradermal skin tests in guinea pigs. These animals were infected with low doses (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 egg/g) of these helminths. Toxocara larval antigen (TL) induced larger reactions in Toxocara-infected animals than did the other antigens, suggesting a superior sensitivity for this antigen. In addition, Ascaris perienteric fluid (AP) provoked skin responses in these animals of a magnitude similar to those induced by TL. The reciprocal relationship, i.e., comparable reactivity of AP and TL in Ascaris-infected animals, was not apparent. In general, Ascaris larval antigen and AP elicited larger intradermal reactions than other antigens in Ascaris-infected animals. The results of this study indicated no superiority of adult antigens in differentiating Ascaris and Toxocara infections.     

Trypsin and alpha-amylase activity in the pancreas of guinea pigs. V. Effects of administration of vitamin A and B 2 during the larval stage of ascariasis]

The infection of guinea pigs with Ascaris suum larvae resulted in decrease of the activities of trypsin and alpha-amylase, and in increase of lipase activity in extracts from their pancreas. The activity of alpha-amylase, lipase and the relative weight of lungs of infected animals which were given vitamin A, did not differ from control animals. The activity of trypsin from pancreas these animals was higher than that measured in only infected guinea pigs but it was lower than in control animals. Application of vitamin B2 and the infection of guinea pigs with A. suum did not lead to the synonymous results.     

Role of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis development: a comparative study of two strains of guinea pigs with and without spontaneously occurring osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships among cartilage and subchondral bone before and after the onset of cartilage degeneration in the Hartley guinea pig model of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) as compared with those in Weiser-Maple guinea pigs, which do not develop OA. METHODS: Mice from each strain were used at ages 2, 3, 5, and 8 months (n = 7 at each time point). The region observed was the medial tibial plateau. Cartilage degeneration was evaluated histologically. Subchondral bone structure was evaluated based on subchondral bone plate thickness and subchondral cancellous bone trabecular parameters calculated from the microfocal computed tomography 3-dimensional reconstruction image. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the subchondral cancellous bone as well as levels of urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and serum osteocalcin (OC) were measured. RESULTS: In Hartley guinea pigs, the number of chondrocytes in the surface layer started to decrease at 3 months. At 8 months, fibrillation expanded to the radial zone. In Weiser-Maple guinea pigs, no cartilage degeneration was noted even at 8 months. Subchondral bone plate thickness was significantly lower in Hartley guinea pigs than in Weiser-Maple guinea pigs at 2 months. The subchondral bone had a rod-like and convex structure at 2 months in Hartley guinea pigs. BMD was significantly lower in Hartley guinea pigs than in Weiser-Maple guinea pigs at 2 months. The serum OC level was significantly higher in Hartley guinea pigs than in Weiser-Maple guinea pigs at 2 months and 3 months, whereas the urinary NTX level was significantly lower in Hartley guinea pigs at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Subchondral bone is fragile, and bone formation may be promoted in subchondral bone before the onset of cartilage degeneration in Hartley guinea pigs. Subchondral bone may be involved in the development of OA.