牙周病患者唾液中GSH－PX含量测定的初步观察

为了探讨唾液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）与牙周病的关系，作者选择１８例慢性龈炎患者，２０例牙周炎患者，１７例健康者对其口腔混合唾液做ＧＤＨ－ＰＸ的测定，结果表明：慢性龈炎组ＧＳＨＰＸ含量为４３．２６±１４．７５牙周炎组为４０．１３９±１３．９８，健康组为６３．４８±１５．６９，龈炎组，牙周炎组ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ含量明显低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而龈炎组与牙周炎组无显著住差异（ｐ＞０．０５），牙周病患者唾液ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ含量降低可能有两方面的原因，其一是牙周病是细菌引起的复杂炎症由于细菌的的存在，局部自由基（ＦＲ）生成增多对ＧＳＨＰＸ消耗增大，其二是由于全身因素的影响局部ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ合成减少，由此推论局部自由基增加，抗氧化能力下降可能在牙周病发病过程中起重要作用。     

纳米细菌在牙周病发生中的作用探讨

纳米细菌是一种能通过0.1μm滤菌膜的微生物,能产生坚硬的生物矿化外壳,参与体内结石的形成。在唾液、牙齿表面、牙菌斑、髓石中都发现了纳米细菌的存在。纳米细菌与牙周病的发生是否有关是值得探讨的问题。本文从纳米细菌的生物学特征、培养鉴定、致病机理、与全身疾病和牙周病的关系等方面作一综述。     

唾液富组蛋白5应用于口腔疾病的研究进展

富组蛋白是存在于人类唾液中的一种抗菌肽，可作为宿主非免疫防御系统的重要组成部分。富组蛋白5作为最有效的抗菌肽之一，与口腔念珠菌病、牙周病、龋病等多种口腔疾病相关联，其具有参与抗真菌、抑制细菌生长与定植、抑制宿主蛋白酶和细菌蛋白酶等生物学活性，但作用机制尚不十分明确。因此，对唾液富组蛋白5的研究具有重要意义。文章就唾液富组蛋白5应用于口腔疾病的研究进展做一综述。     

牙周微生态系研究进展

牙周微生态系动态平衡是牙周健康的特基础，生态失调就会引起牙周病，本文就牙击微生态系中三方面的研究进展作一综述，包括１细菌共聚的概念，特性和化学本质以及共聚抑制折途径，方法和分子基础２；细菌协同和拮抗的机理；３．细菌与牙龈组织细胞和唾液相互作用。     

唾液富组蛋白在口腔疾病中的作用

唾液中有一组富含组氨酸的多肽，称为富组蛋白（ｈｉｓｔｉｄｉｎｅ－ｒｉｃｈ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＨＲＰａｋｇ ｈｉｓｔａｔｉｎｓ）。它具有抑制羟基磷灰石晶增长、抗菌、缓冲菌斑ＰＨ及凝集细菌等作用。与龋病、粘膜病、牙周病等口腔疾病的发生与治疗密切相关。     

牙周病微生物学新探

微生物是牙周病的主要病因,本文就牙周病微生物学的新近研究进展和存在的问题作一简要的评述,旨在探讨牙周病的病因、发病机理及研究方法。一、口腔正常菌群和生态平衡的概念口腔是一个复杂的生态系统,它与外界相通,温度适宜,含脱落的粘膜上皮和食物残渣,有细菌生长繁殖的条件。口腔内有200多种形态生化性质不同的细菌,唾液中的细菌约为10~8/ml,牙菌斑中更多10~(11)/g湿重,这些细菌共栖、竞争和对抗,维持相对平衡,并与宿主呈动态平衡,在正常情况下一般不致病,不表现牙周破坏,称为正常     

牙周微生态系研究进展

牙周微生态系动态平衡是牙周健康的物质基础,生态失调就会引起牙周病。本文就牙周微生态系中三方面的研究进展作一综述,包括①细菌共聚的概念、特性和化学本质以及共聚抑制的途径、方法和分子基础;②细菌协同和拮抗的机理;③细菌与牙龈组织细胞和唾液相互作用。本文旨在阐明牙周病的发生发展机理,为生态防治提供参考和依据。     

唾液和龈沟液内牙周病标记物研究进展

细菌是牙周病始动因子已经明确,细菌毒力因子主要是一些酶类,可以直接损伤宿主组织;或使宿主组织释放生物因子导致宿主组织损伤。由于测定生物体液炎症因子水平能很好地反映炎症活动性,许多与牙周病发病机制有关的研究通常以检查唾液和龈沟液中的生化和免疫标记物为基础,来反应     

唾液乳酸脱氢酶对口腔肿瘤临床意义的研究

唾液乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)与龋病和牙周病的关系已有报道 ,并肯定了其临床意义。血清 LDH用于诊断肝癌、胃液 LDH用于诊断胃癌等 ,均已得出了明确的结论。然而 ,口腔肿瘤与唾液 LDH的关系则未见有报道 ,我们选择此课题进行研究 ,目的在于提高口腔肿瘤的诊断及治疗水平。1　材料与方法(1 )研究对象 :病人的选择条件是 ,口腔内龋齿少于 2颗 ,无牙周病的口腔肿瘤患者作为研究组 ,其中良性肿瘤包括造釉细胞瘤、混合瘤、囊肿等 ,恶性肿瘤包括舌癌、唇癌、颊癌等 ;选择口腔内龋齿少于2颗 ,无牙周病之健康人为对照组。(2 )血液及唾液的采集 :采晨…     

胃癌前病变患者口腔中龋病及牙周病主要致病菌的分布研究

目的 本研究旨在评价和分析胃癌前病变患者口腔中龋病和牙周病主要致病菌的分布,探索胃癌患者口腔感染性疾病主要致病菌与健康人群的差异,为口腔疾病与胃癌的相关性的机制研究提供线索.方法 按病理诊断结果,将研究对象分为胃癌前病变组和对照组.提取唾液和牙菌斑样本DNA,进行实时定量PCR,所得数据用χ2检验比较不同细菌的分布情况,Mann-Whitney非参数检验比较不同组别细菌的DNA水平的差异.结果 病例和对照组的唾液中的变异链球菌(Streptococcus mutans,Sm)和远缘链球菌(Streptococcus sobrinus,Sb)2种龋病相关主要致病菌,无论是检出率还是DNA水平均没有显著性差异.病例和对照组的唾液和牙菌斑中牙周病主要病原菌牙密螺旋体(Treponema denticola,Td)、伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)和福赛斯坦纳菌(Tannerella forsythensis,Tf)的DNA水平均高于对照组,Aa在两组中差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).唾液样本中Pg的DNA水平在两组间则颇为相近,病例组稍低于对照组.牙菌斑样本中的Pg则是病例组略高于对照组,差异不具有统计学意义.结论 胃癌前病变患者口腔中被测的龋病主要致病菌与未见差异,而牙周主要致病菌的含量与健康对照人群有所不同.伴放线放线杆菌可能在胃癌与牙周病相关性中发挥作用.     

Host modulation for the treatment of periodontal disease

Until the 1970s, treatment strategies for periodontal diseases were primarily based on the understanding that plaque bacteria and their products mediated the tissue destruction in periodontal patients. This concept began to change, however, when investigators reported that host responses to the causative bacteria were a major contributor to disease pathogenesis. With a new understanding of host response and periodontal disease pathogenesis, it became apparent that inhibition of certain host response pathways might be an additional strategy, in addition to suppressing the causative bacteria, for treating periodontal diseases. The current understanding of periodontal disease etiology and pathogenesis emphasizes the role of the host in tissue destruction (Figure1).     

Periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that chronic infections may predispose to cardiovascular disease. The relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease has been a subject of increasing research in recent years. The isolation and identification of periodontal bacteria from atheromatous plaque can contribute to our knowledge of this vascular disease. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify periodontal bacteria from the periodontal pockets of different patients and to compare them with the microorganisms detected in the atheromatous plaques obtained from the same patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical isolates were obtained from 12 patients with periodontal wounds and atheromathous plaques. These samples were cultured in the appropriate bacteriological culture media and incubated in an anaerobic system. Periodontal bacteria were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS: From the 12 patients studied, nine presented different periodontopathic bacterial species. In two, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was present in the periodontal pockets and the respective atheromatous plaques. CONCLUSION: The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in atheromatous plaques and the periodontal pockets of the same patients could indicate a role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the atherosclerosis disease process.     

齿垢密螺旋体双组分调控系统的研究进展

［摘要］ 口腔密螺旋体是健康牙周人群口腔细菌的成员之一。但牙周袋菌群一旦失调,密螺旋体会大肆繁殖并成为牙周疾病的主要致病菌。目前,关于密螺旋体适应口腔微生态环境并介导牙周疾病的分子机制广泛引起研究学者的青睐。研究密螺旋体的基因序列和双组分调控系统可能为解释上述现象提供了理论依据。因此,本综述将集中讨论齿垢密螺旋体基因组学中双组分调控系统的特征,以期为寻找控制齿垢密螺旋体繁殖、治疗牙周疾病的新靶点和新药物提供一定的理论基础。     

Quantification of bacterial penetration in spontaneous periodontal disease in beagle dogs

The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is controversial. Although bacterial penetration has been demonstrated in human periodontitis, relationships of bacteria to varying levels of periodontal health in other animals has not been well documented. In this study of beagle dog periodontium, bacteria were counted within the various tissue regions of sites which exhibited periodontal health, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Affected sites within whole block sections from two aged beagle dogs were prepared for investigation by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bacterial counts were subjected to statistical analysis for differences. Periodontitis sites viewed with LM had more bacteria than healthy sites. Neither LM nor SEM observations yielded any other differences in bacterial counts between the levels of periodontal health. When viewed using SEM, the sulcular epithelium had more bacteria than the other tissue regions in diseased sites. Relative to the number of bacteria in plaque, however, counts from all microscopic observations were very low. These findings indicate that the presence of bacteria within the periodontium is of questionable significance in the pathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in beagle dogs.     

防御素在牙周组织的分布及功能

防御素是近年来发现的一类带正电荷的小分子多肽,具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌及抗肿瘤等活性,以抗菌活性尤为突出。牙周病是细菌感染性疾病,菌斑微生物是牙周病的始动因子。本文从防御素在牙周组织中的分布及其功能两方面进行综述,了解防御素在牙周病发生发展中的地位与研究现状。     

Herpesviruses in human periodontal disease

Recent studies have identified various herpesviruses in human periodontal disease. Epstein–Barr virus type 1 (EBV‐1) infects periodontal B‐lymphocytes and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects periodontal monocytes/macrophages and T‐lymphocytes. EBV‐1, HCMV and other herpesviruses are present more frequently in periodontitis lesions and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis‐lesions than in gingivitis or periodontally healthy sites. Reactivation of HCMV in periodontitis lesions tends to be associated with progressing periodontal disease. Herpesvirus‐associated periodontitis lesions harbor elevated levels of periodontopathic bacteria, including Acrinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Bacteriodes forsythus , Prevotella intermedia , Prevotella nigrescens and Treponema denticola . It may be that active periodontal herpesvirus infection impairs periodontal defenses, thereby permitting subgingival overgrowth of periodontopathic bacteria. Alteration between latent and active herpesvirus infection in the periodontium might lead to transient local immunosuppression and explain in part the episodic progressive nature of human periodontitis. Tissue tropism of herpesvirus infections might help explain the localized pattern of tissue destruction in periodontitis. Absence of herpesvirus infection or viral reactivation might explain why some individuals carry periodontopathic bacteria while still maintaining periodontal health. Further studies are warranted to delineate whether the proposed herpesvirus‐periodontopathic bacteria model might account for some of the pathogenic features of human periodontal disease.     

牙周炎症微环境对牙龈上皮屏障影响研究进展

牙周病是一种常见的慢性炎症性疾病,与牙周致病菌、黏膜和免疫宿主细胞之间复杂的相互作用有关.牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis)在牙周病中被认为是重要的致病菌之一,与黏膜和免疫细胞相互作用,导致炎症细胞因子的产生.牙龈上皮是口腔微生物群的物理和免疫屏障,在牙周组织感...     

Is antibiotic therapy justified in the treatment of human chronic inflammatory periodontal disease?

New insight into the possible involvement of specific bacteria in the etiology of periodontal disease has stimulated interest in antibiotic therapy. However, current knowledge does not allow the designation of one or more pathogens in periodontal diseases. Some bacteria are considered suspected periodontal pathogens due to their predominance in the pocket and their potential pathogenicity, yet they all appear to be indigenous bacteria. For this reason, one can question the rationale for the use of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease since the theoretical basis for their application seems small. Several reports of clinical trials in which antibiotics were administered as an adjunct to scaling and rootplaning in adult periodontitis conclude with encouraging statements concerning bacterial inhibition and the cure of inflammatory periodontal disease. However, the data are conflicting and mostly negative. Antibiotic treatment in combination with scaling and rootplaning in juvenile periodontitis and refractory adult periodontitis has shown some benefit, but the clinical trials were not sufficiently controlled to permit conclusions. So far, antibiotics have been applied as a last resort in order to supplement the non-specific approach of mechanical root debridement, but it can be doubted whether this approach offers any benefit in the long run.     

Involvement of periodontopathic biofilm in vascular diseases

Oral bacteria inhabit biofilms, which are firm clusters adhering in layers to surfaces and are not easily eliminated by immune responses and are resistant to antimicrobial agents. Dental plaque is one such biofilm. In the past 10 years, subgingival plaque bacteria forming biofilms have been increasingly reported to be involved in systemic diseases. A close relationship between microbial infections and vascular disease has also been reported in the past two decades. The present review discusses the significance of the ecologic characteristics of biofilms formed by periodontopathic bacteria in order to further clarify the associations between periodontal disease and systemic disease. We focus on the relationships between periodontal disease-associated bacteria forming biofilms and vascular diseases including atherosclerosis and carotid coronary stenotic artery disease, and we discuss the direct and indirect effects on vascular diseases of lipopolysaccharides as well as heat shock proteins produced by periodontopathic bacteria.     

The role of salivary cytokines in the etiology and progression of periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is a common oral disease in all segments of the population, regardless of their systemic health status. The disease is generalized or localized and the severity of lesions can vary at different sites. It is possible to recognize a number of different types of periodontal disease on the basis of clinical and pathological criteria, which include the extent of periodontal destruction, the age of onset and severity of disease, the distribution of lesions, the microflora involved, and the variation in host responses. The ultimate outcome of periodontal disease in adults, whether treated or untreated, depends on patient susceptibility. While periodontopathic bacteria are recognized as the etiologic agents in periodontal disease, their interaction with and modulation of the host immune response is of fundamental importance. An interplay of protection and pathology active in periodontal disease is that of T-lymphocyte cells and the subsequent production of cytokines within the periodontal tissues.