多媒体训练软件在聋童言语康复训练中的实践研究

目的考察多媒体训练软件对聋童言语康复训练的作用。方法根据前测结果将实验对象分为实验组和对照组，实验组使用多媒体训练软件配合教学，对照组采用传统的教学方法。教学结束后，对两组进行相同的测试，对比其发音的准确性。结果实验组成绩显著高于对照组。结论多媒体训练软件有助于提高聋童发音的准确性，多媒体教学方式是聋儿康复教学的有效手段。     

听性稳态反应(4)

用于ASSR检测的统计学方法有HT2检验(Hotelling T2)、循环T2(circle T2)检验[15]、F检验或隐含周期性F检验(test for hidden periodicity)以及相关性平方数(magnitude of squared coherence)等,研究证明这些统计方法均可用于ASSR的检测.     

中国古代言语病理研究概述

作为一门独立的学科,言语病理学(Speech Pathology)直到20世纪20年代才发展起来.它以言语障碍作为研究对象,是一门跨医学、神经科学、解剖学、认知科学、听力学、语言学、教育学、心理学等多学科领域的综合性学科[1].     

国际听力学学术组织及活动

随着畅听未来项目的不断推广延伸,其影响也不再局限于国内。卫生部、残疾人联合会、丹麦大使馆、世界卫生组织的官员都对畅听未来项目给予了高度的评价,一致认为该项目的成功开展是响应WHO号召多机构合作开展国家级耳聋防治计划的成功典范,特别是在人口大国中国更具有深远的意义,对世界各国都有典范作用和借鉴意义。在2007年世界卫生组织大会上,     

2005年上海市新生儿听力筛查结果的临床分析

目的 分析上海市新生儿听力筛查的基本特征及先天性聋的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2005年上海市新生儿听力筛查的临床资料,统计流行病学特征,重点分析确诊为先天性聋儿童的临床特点.结果 2005年上海市活产新生儿数123 901,接受新生儿听力筛查人数121 400,初筛率 97.98%(121 400/123 901);初筛未通过14 478例,阳性率 11.93%(14 478/121 400),应复筛人数14 478例,实际复筛10 140例,复筛率约70.04%(10 140/14 478),复筛未通过1 089例,复筛阳性率10.74 %(1 089/10 140),转诊人数1 077,占全部听力筛查儿的0.89%(1 077/121 400),确诊听力障碍人数358例,筛查假阳性率为0.59%,平均诊断年龄2.1月.其中暴露危险因素者为102名,男女比例200:158,城市和郊县分布比111:247,单耳聋为172人,双耳聋为186人,轻度聋221人,中度以上聋儿为137人.上海市2005年所有新生儿中先天性聋的发病率约为2.95‰(358/121 400).中度以上聋儿随访127人,接受干预91人,干预率71.6%.结论 2005年上海市新生儿听力筛查结果达到或者接近推荐筛查标准,危险因素的暴露和遗传学因素在先天性聋的发生中占重要地位,筛查中应加强随访工作.     

侵袭型曲菌性鼻窦炎侵犯右眼眶、双乳突及左肺1例

患者,女,63岁,因涕中带血1个月,加重伴右眼视力下降、双耳听力下降伴左胸痛1周于2007年5月26日就诊.平素体质欠佳,患高血压、胆结石及子宫肌瘤等多种疾病,需经常应用广谱抗生素.     

听视同步筛查在新生儿重症监护室的应用

目的 了解先天性听力损失及眼病在新生儿重症监护室(NICU)的发病情况及可能引发先天性听力损失和眼病的高危因素,探讨NICU听力和眼病同步筛查的模式.方法 对2 156例NICU新生儿采用瞬态诱发性耳声发射及自动听性脑干反应进行听力初筛及复筛,对复筛未通过者于生后3个月接受听性脑干反应及40 Hz听觉相关电位的诊断及听力学评估;在进行听力筛查后用对光刺激反应、外眼检查、瞳孔区红光反射检查及眼底检查,对患儿进行眼病筛查.结果 NICU先天性听力损失发病率为1.21%,眼病的发病率为2.04%. 结论 NICU的新生儿是先天性听力损失和眼病的高危人群,应重视对他们早期筛查,并予跟踪及随访.     

外耳道胆脂瘤49例临床特点及诊治分析

目的 探讨外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点及诊治方法 .方法 回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科2000～2005年收治的49例外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床资料.结果 术前所有患者外耳道均见灰白色或黄白色软组织充填,外耳道皮肤可见慢性炎症.所有病例病变以外耳道为中心,外耳道均有不同程度的侵蚀扩大;其中8例患者病变向远深部扩展侵犯乳突和/或鼓膜、上鼓室;2例面神经垂直段骨质破坏.根据病变范围.10例患者直接在手术显微镜下彻底清除病变;31例患者行耳内切口显微镜下彻底清除病变,术中见鼓膜紧张部穿孔5例,术后均行Ⅱ期鼓膜修补术;4例患者行乳突根治术,术中见鼓膜缺如,听骨链残缺;4例患者行改良乳突根治术,术中见听骨链完整,2例松弛部穿孔,术后行Ⅱ期鼓室成型术.术前45例(91.8%)患者为传导性聋,言语频率平均气导听阈为49.3±9.1 dB HL;4例(8.2%)为混合性聋,言语频率平均气导听阈为65.2±10.7 dB HL,平均骨导听阈为50.5±11.3 dB HL.除4例行乳突根治术的患者以外,其余患者术后气导听阈均有较大提高,言语频率平均气导听阈提高15～23 dB.随访18个月～6年未见复发.结论 外耳道胆脂瘤可以造成广泛破坏,术前颢骨薄层CT扫描对诊断有较大帮助.其治疗应根据病变范围、局部感染与否选择合适术式尽早彻底清除病灶.术后患者气导听力多有较大提高.     

推进中文言语测听材料的标准化和临床应用

人类听觉的最重要的功能是接收和理解言语，因此早期听力学的发展是以纯音测听和言语测听为基础的。二战结束后，言语测听在评估听力伤残和选配助听器时占有重要地位，在美国得到迅速发展并走向规范化。用于言语识别阈测试的材料（扬扬格词表）和方法（阶梯式降低言语声级）得以确立，同时用于日常交流障碍评估的阈上英文单音节词识别率测试方法也逐渐普及,20世纪40—60年代因而被称为听力学发展历程中的“言语测听年代”。     

新生儿聋病基因筛查——悄然的革命

20世纪90年代,美国联邦政府通过立法为每个州提供基金,创立和支持新生儿听力筛查项目,被称作为早期听力检测和干预计划,即EHDI 计划(Early Hearing Detection and Intervention),目的是对出生的婴儿进行听力筛查,最好在出院之前进行,并确认3个月内仍未通过筛查的婴幼儿是否为耳聋,从而可以进行早期干预以预防言语障碍的发生.     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.