体检人群中听力异常患病率及危险因素调查

目的　了解体检人群中听力损失患病率及其影响因素。方法　对2017年9月～2018年7月在北京同仁医院体检中心接受听力筛查者进行查体、问病史、纯音筛选测听,计算听力损失患病率并应用回归分析听力受损的独立危险因素,观察听力损失患病率随年龄变化的趋势。结果　体检人群中听力损失率45.6%,男性比例更高（4.7:1,P <0.001）,BMI、血压和空腹血糖高于正常人群。年龄[OR（95%CI）：1.007（1.052-1.103）,P <0.001]和肥胖[OR（95%CI）：1.087（1.021-1.157）,P =0.009]是高频损失的独立危险因素,女性[OR（95%CI）：0.381（0.199-0.727）,P =0.003]是高频损失的保护因素。年龄也是高、低频均损失的独立危险因素[OR（95%CI）：1.122（1.087-1.158）,P <0.001],听力损失患病率随年龄增长而增加。结论　体检人群中听力损失检出率较高,应针对50岁以上的中老年、男性、肥胖和糖脂代谢异常人群定期开展听力筛查,早期发现年龄相关高频听力损失,积极控制血压、血脂、血糖、噪声等因素,预防因听力损失加重而导致生活质量下降。     

福州地区咽喉反流疾病患病率和相关危险因素分析

目的 分析福州地区咽喉反流疾病(laryngopharyngeal reflux disease,LPRD)的患病率和相关危险因素,为LPRD的防治提供理论依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样法抽取福州社区居民进行问卷调查.按照统一调查问卷,内容包括一般情况、Belafsky反流症状指数量表(reflux symptom index,RSI)和相关危险因素,其中RSI>13分为LPRD组,≤13分为非LPRD组,调查资料进行统计分析.结果 共发放问卷4100份,其中有效问卷4063例,LPRD患病率为5.00%(203/4063).经常进食过饱、常饮浓茶、绝经、经常鼻塞流涕、经常扁桃体炎是LPRD发生的危险因素.结论 福州地区人群LPRD与多种因素密切相关.     

早产儿视网膜病患病率及高危因素分析

目的探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的发病率及其高危因素.方法回顾分析78例早产儿的临床资料,包括胎龄、出生体重、给氧浓度、持续时间以及ROP的发生情况.结果78例早产儿中,38例发生ROP,占48.7%.胎龄≤32周,出生体重≤1500g,吸氧浓度＞40%,持续吸氧时间≥7d的早产儿ROP的发生率分别为64.3%,80.8%,76.9%,68.4%.与对照组相比,ROP的发生率明显增加(P＜0.01).结论胎龄小、低出生体重以及长时间高浓度持续吸氧是ROP发病的高危因素.     

变应性鼻炎患病率及相关因素调查

目的 通过对变应性鼻炎(alkrgic rhinitis,AR)流行病学之大样本的调查,获得以农村为主的AR的患病率及相关患病因素.方法 2007年4月至2009年5月在河北省沧州市农村、渤海湾黄骅市沿海渔村、承德市雾灵山区、天津市区分别以行政乡、村和街道、居民小区等为单位,按行政乡、村和街道、居民小区名册通过随机多级抽样和整群抽样抽取调查对象.然后按住户自然顺序,逐一入户直接调查.同时按照自然数排序全部受调查人群,对每逢个位数0、1、5的受调查者抽取3～5 ml静脉血,由实验室专职人员做血清特异性IgE(specific IgE,sIgE)检测.采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析.结果 本次流行病学调查对象共抽取5010人,其中有鼻变应性症状或体征者823例(16.4%).进行血清sIgE检测1576例,阳性402例(25.5%),其中146例合并有鼻变应性症状或体征者确诊为AR,AR的患病率为9.3%(146/1576).不同年龄、职业、特应性体质以及有无鼻部变应性症状人群之间sIgE检测阳性率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为7.96、9.73、16.53、8.95,P值均＜0.05).AR与支气管哮喘的发生呈正相关(回归系数β=2.544,P＜0.01).农村最常见的变应原为狗上皮、猫上皮,城市最常见的变应原为屋尘螨、粉尘螨.结论 AR的患病率无论在城市还是在农村都比较高,应受到重视.AR的发生与特应性体质、环境因素等有关.

Abstract：

Objective To obtain the prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases in rural area in China through epidemiological investigation with large sample and multi-faceted survey data. Methods Face to face survey was conducted in different regions( rural areas of Cangzhou, Hebei, coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde, urban areas of Tianjin) from April 2007 to May 2009. In the same time, serum specific IgE(sIgE) was detected in the digits of every 0, 1or 5 in them. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Five thousand and ten cases were investigated. There were 823 cases with the symptoms or signs of AR ( 16. 4% ). Four hundred and two cases were found to have positive serum sIgE antibody in 1576 detected cases(25.5% ).One hundred and fourty-six cases with nasal allergic symptoms or signs were diagnosed as AR. The incidence of AR was 9. 3% ( 146/1576 ). The occurrence of allergic symptoms or signs had a significant statistical difference with factors such as age, occupation, atopic constitution ( x2 value were 7. 96, 9. 73, 16. 53,8.95 respectively, all P ＜ 0. 05 ), and it was closely related to lower respiratory tract allergies ( β = 2. 544,P ＜0. 01 ). The most common allergens were dog and cat epithelium in rural areas and dust mites in city.Conclusions The incidence of AR is higher whether in urban or rural areas, it should be taken seriously as the impact on human health. The occurrence is closely related to physical characteristics and environmental factors.     

突发性耳聋相关危险因素分析

摘要：目的探讨导致突发性耳聋发生的相关危险因素。 方法采用回顾性研究,纳入年龄21~70岁,病程在1周内的突发性耳聋患者,调查发病前1周有无熬夜（凌晨后入睡）,有无劳累、紧张压力感,是否伴有高血压或糖尿病,发病前是否有病毒性感冒病史,有无噪音接触史;运用SPSS 20.0软件对影响突发性耳聋的相关因素进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果在低频下降型、平坦下降型、高频下降型和极重度聋4类突发性耳聋中,“熬夜”、“感冒”和“劳累紧张压力感”3个因素均有显著性意义（P<0.05）,在平坦下降型和高频下降型这两类突发性耳聋中,“接触噪音史”具有显著性意义（P<0.05）,在平坦下降型、高频下降型和极重度聋3类突发性耳聋中,以“年龄小于35岁”为参考类别,其他3个高年龄段均有显著性意义（P<0.05）。结论“熬夜”、“感冒”和“劳累紧张压力感”是4类突发性耳聋的危险因素。“接触噪音史”是平坦下降型和高频下降型突发性耳聋发生的另一危险因素。年龄增加是平坦下降型和高频下降型及全聋型突发性耳聋的另一种危险因素。     

鼻中隔穿孔相关危险因素的动物实验研究

目的:探讨鼻中隔穿孔相关危险因素及其相互影响。方法:130只SD大鼠分4组,A、B、C组为实验组,各40只;D组为对照组,10只。实验组以膨胀海绵片(Merocel,3mm×5mm)或明胶海绵团块置入大鼠左侧鼻腔,距离前鼻孔约15mm。运用或不运用金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株悬浊液左侧鼻腔内灌注。于术后2、3、5、7d分批处死A、B、C组大鼠各10只。直接处死D组大鼠10只。解剖并观察鼻中隔,解剖过程中经内镜采图。术后7d各组取左侧鼻腔分泌物细菌培养。结果:A组膨胀海绵片加金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔填塞3d后80%以上发生鼻中隔穿孔,显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),细菌培养均获阳性结果。B组无菌膨胀海绵片鼻腔填塞5d后70%以上发生鼻中隔穿孔,与之发生率逐步接近(P>0.05),显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。解剖见大鼠鼻中隔前下部存在解剖上的膜性薄弱区域。鼻中隔穿孔均发生于该区域,与膨胀海绵填塞部位无重叠。结论:鼻中隔穿孔的发生是多因素相互作用的综合结果,其发生及发生部位主要取决于鼻中隔结构强度,血液循环障碍是导致穿孔的必要条件,而引流障碍和感染可促进鼻中隔穿孔的产生。     

痉挛性发音障碍患者发病危险因素调查分析

痉挛性发音障碍常分为功能性、心因性和原因不明的运动失调。为了探讨痉挛性发音障碍患者的有关发病危险因素,作者对168例诊断明确的痉挛性发音障碍患者进行回顾性研究。168例患者中男性34例,女性134例,发病年龄为13-71岁,平均发病年龄45岁;对照组186例,男性89例,女性97例。患者均为诊断明确后,在肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗期间完成有关调查内容,调查主要包括:受教育水平,工作生活史,重大生活事件经历,既往患病史,家族史等。调查结果与对照组或本地区同年龄的相关平均水平值比较,进行统     

迟发性医源性脑脊液耳鼻漏相关危险因素分析

目的:总结造成医源性脑脊液耳鼻漏常见的手术方式及治疗手段,分析迟发性医源性脑脊液耳鼻漏相关的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月-2020年1月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的35例医源性脑脊液耳鼻漏患者的临床资料.根据患者术后出现脑脊液漏的时间间隔将患者分为迟发组与非迟发组,分析两组患者基线资料...     

Rising trend of allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren

Objectives

To assess the time trends and possible risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Denizli, Turkey.

Method

Two identical cross-sectional surveys were performed in the 13- to 14-yr age group at intervals of six years using ISAAC questionnaire. Possible risk factors were also asked and the children completed questionnaires by self.

Results

A total of 4078 children (response rate 75%) in the 2008 and 3004 children (response rate, 93.8%) in 2002 were included. The lifetime prevalence of rhinitis, 12-month prevalence of rhinitis, prevalence of associated itchy eye in the previous 12 months and doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis prevalence were increased from 34.2% to 49.4% (POR = 1.87, 95% CI = 47.8–50.9 and p ≤ 0.001), from 23.5.0% to 32.9% (POR = 1.59, 95% CI = 31.4–34.3 and p ≤ 0.001), from 9.6% to 14.9% (POR = 1.64, 95% CI = 13.8–16.0 and p ≤ 0.001), and from 4.3% to 7% (POR = 1.67, 95% CI = 6.2–7.8 and p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Severe interference with daily activity in the previous 12 months did not change. In multivariate analysis, history of family atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income, presence of allergy in mother, father and accompaniment of children to their parents after school hours in textile industry were found as risk factors in 2008 study.

Conclusion

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased significantly in 2008. Family history of atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income and accompaniment of children to their parents in textile industry were found as risk factors for doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis.     

Impact and risk factors of craniofacial malformations in a Colombian population

Objective

Craniofacial malformations comprise diverse diagnoses, implying a wide range of morbidity and disability among populations. Our aim was to study them as a group and describe their epidemiological factors inside a population as well as finding common risk factors for their presentation in Colombia.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study in several Colombian hospitals participating in the ECLAMC (Spanish acronym for Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) program. For the analysis we included 374 cases of isolated malformations and 728 controls, out of 44,701 births.

Results

A rate of 83.67 cases per 10,000 births was found for craniofacial malformations as a group, with an overall sex ratio of 1. We found predominance for their presentation on the right side. As main associations we obtained a positive family history of another craniofacial malformation (OR: 3.10 CI 95% [2.24-4.30]), particularly preauricular tags (OR 52.36 CI 95% [12.62-217.16]), preauricular pits (OR: 36.35 CI 95% [4.82-274.27]) and cleft lip with or without palate (OR: 2.50 CI 95% [1.07-5.84]). Medication use during pregnancy was also linked to malformations (OR: 2.00 CI 95% [1.38-2.89]). Specific agents such as ferrous sulfate (OR: 1.46 CI 95% [1.13-1.89]), folic acid (OR: 1.35 CI 95% [1.02-1.79]) and nifedipine (OR: 2.88 CI 95% [1.22-6.79]) also showed a significant correlation. Maternal alcohol use was also identified as a possible risk factor (OR: 2.45 CI 95% [1.39-4.29]).

Conclusions

Craniofacial malformations are frequently encountered among the group of congenital defects. When they present in an isolated fashion, familial history is an important risk factor, although some prenatal factors such as alcohol and some medications may have influence over their prevalence.     

Effects of dietary habits and risk factors on allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish adolescents

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem affecting many people from childhood to adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AR and related symptoms, and to assess the risk factors, dietary habits and the Mediterranean diet affecting AR.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study design, 9991 children, aged 13–14 years in 61 primary schools in 32 districts of Istanbul were evaluated. The prevalence of AR symptoms among the children was evaluated using the ISAAC protocol.

Results

In our study, total of 10,984 questionnaires were distributed to 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren to 61 schools in 32 district of Istanbul and 9991 questionnaires were suitable for analysis with an overall response of 91.7%. The rates of lifetime rhinitis, rhinitis in last 12 months and lifetime doctor diagnosed AR prevalence were 53.5%, 38.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The variation among districts in the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR was very high. The highest prevalence was about 10 times higher than in the district with the lowest prevalence (range: 1.4–14.5) of Istanbul.A family history of atopy, mother with a university degree, presence of cat at home during last 12 months and adenoidectomy were significant for increased doctor diagnosed AR risk. Additionally, although fish and other sea foods, fermented drinks made from millets and various seeds, animal fats and butter were independent risk factors for doctor diagnosed AR, fish oil and hamburger were protective foods for doctor diagnosed AR. The MD was not associated with the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR.

Conclusions

This study shows that that there are wide variations for the prevalence of AR related symptoms in 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren among districts of Istanbul in Turkey. Socio-economical, environmental factors, some dietary habits, but not Mediterranean diet may affect the prevalence of AR.     

Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children

OBJECTIVE: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic illness of childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in 6-12-year-old schoolchildren in Istanbul. METHODS: A total of 2500 children aged between 6 and 12 years in randomly selected six primary schools of Istanbul were surveyed by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire between April and May 2004. RESULTS: Of them 2387 (1185 M/1202 F) questionnaires were appropriately completed by the parents with an overall response of 95.4%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 7.9% (n=189). A family history of atopy (aOR=1.30, 95% CI=1.00-1.68), frequent respiratory tract infection (aOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.08-1.70) and sinusitis (aOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.64-3.19), antibiotic use in the first year of life (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57), cat at home in the first year of life (aOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.36-3.61), dampness at home (aOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.04-1.65) and perianal redness (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57) were significant for increased risk for allergic rhinitis. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables were inversely, and frequent consumption of lollipops and candies were positively associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our study reconfirmed that family history of atopy, frequent respiratory tract infections, antibiotics given in the first year of life, cat at home in the first year of life, dampness at home, perianal redness and dietary habits are important independent risk factors for AR. Researchers worldwide should be focused to these factors and try to develop policies for early intervention, primary and secondary preventions for allergic diseases.     

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey

From July through October 1991, a nationwide survey was conducted on the prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea, using medical and family histories as well as physical examination. In all, 9,069 subjects were examined from 2,899 households residing in 60 different areas throughout the country. The overall prevalence of sinusitis was 1.01%. Case-control analysis was performed to determine possible risk factors for sinusitis. No significant differences were found in age groups or sexes. A significant geographic difference was seen in prevalence in the different provinces studied. Economic activity, crowding and allergy were significant risk factors. Other factors such as urban or rural residence, birth place, maternal and paternal age at birth, marriage, smoking history, education, social class, prior trauma, height and weight, and nasal septal deformities did not correlate with the occurrence of sinusitis.     

Date of birth and hay fever risk in children and adolescents of Kazakhstan

Introduction the first months of life are the most vulnerable period in allergic disease development and it is not clear enough whether inhalant pollen allergen exposure predisposes the risk of consequent allergic reactions.     

Prenatal risk factors and occurrence of allergic rhinitis among elementary school children in an urban city

Objectives

To investigate the incidence and prenatal risk factors for allergic rhinitis among elementary school children in an urban city.

Study design

Risk factor data were collected by questionnaire and direct physical examination. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios of developing allergic rhinitis among children 6-13 years of age.

Methods

From January 2006 to December 2006, we enrolled 1368 elementary school children in the study. Sampling was done by a multi-stage clustered-stratified random method to determine the study subject. All the children studied attended 12 elementary schools located in the six districts in Taipei, with two schools in each district. Odds ratios were adjusted for the confounding effects of gender, parity, maternal age at childbirth, maternal education, gestational complications, tobacco smokers in the residence, pets, carpets, molds, and air pollution.

Results

The incidence of allergic rhinitis in the study was 50.1% (685/1368). Factors like gender (p < .001), parity (p < .05), carpets (p < .025), and air pollution (p < .001) increased risk, while the other factors did not (p > .05 for all).

Conclusion

Gender, parity, carpets, and air pollution increased the risk of developing allergic rhinitis among elementary school children. Other potential factors such as low birth weight, maternal age at childbirth, parental education, gestational complications, presence of tobacco smokers, and exposure to pets and molds did not significantly increase risk of developing allergic rhinitis.