新冠肺炎疫情期间的心理评估和创伤后应激障碍的预防

本文目的是为广大心理援助者介绍新冠肺炎疫情期间对大众进行心理评估的方法。目前心理援助者急需掌握对精神障碍诊断和风险评估的方法,故本文对心理评估中的关键点和侧重点进行了介绍。从评估情绪和行为的基本状态、是否患有某种精神障碍、是否有自杀风险、是否已发展为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)以及如何预防发展为PTSD的具体方法进行了探讨。     

心理危机干预方法研究进展

经历心理危机的个体存在严重的心理失调,甚至会出现心理障碍,及时对其进行心理危机干预,有助于个体心理健康的恢复。目前国际上有许多成熟的心理危机干预理论、模型和方法,本文对这些方法和模型进行综述。     

心理卫生工作者参与新冠肺炎疫情现场心理危机干预意愿的质性研究

目的探讨心理卫生工作者参与新冠肺炎疫情现场心理危机干预的意愿,了解其真实感受,提高心理卫生工作者进行疫情心理干预的积极性。方法运用质性研究中现象学分析法,根据半结构式访谈提纲对绵阳市某三级甲等医院的10名心理卫生工作者进行面对面的深度访谈,运用Colaizzi分析法对资料进行整理分析。结果心理卫生工作者参与新冠肺炎疫情现场心理危机干预意愿的主题包括愿意参加危机干预的因素和阻碍参加危机干预的因素。愿意参加疫情心理危机干预的因素可归纳为:具备自我心理调节能力和对他人进行心理干预的专业能力、心理危机干预是专业职责、希望有亲身经历现场危机干预的经验;阻碍因素包括缺少疫情相关的知识和能力、家庭原因及心理恐惧。结论心理卫生工作者参加疫情心理危机干预意愿较高,但需要有针对性地开展疫情防治知识及技能培训、心理督导及建立保障体系。     

心理危机干预

当个体经历危机事件而无法应对时容易导致心理危机,此时需要进行科学的心理危机干预。本文围绕心理危机干预的理论、心理危机干预的模型进行简单综述,以帮助从业人员更好的提供心理危机干预。     

灾难性突发事件中救援军人心理危机影响因素及对策研究

灾难性突发事件中,面临紧急救援任务的压力和各种异常情境的刺激,救援军人的人格特质、认知模式、社会支持系统及其利用度、成长史等因素会影响其心理危机反应程度。应结合部队的实际,通过社会支持干预、认知模式干预、应对方式干预、心理自助成长干预等方法对易感官兵进行心理影响,尽量降低和避免军人在灾难性危机救援中的心理创伤,提高其危机应对能力。     

灾难性突发事件中救援军人心理危机影响因素及干预经验总结

灾难性突发事件中，面临紧急救援任务的压力和各种异常情境的刺激，救援军人的人格特质、认知模式、社会支持系统及其利用度、成长史等因素会影响其心理危机反应程度。应结合部队的实际，通过社会支持干预、认知模式干预、应对方式干预、心理自助成长干预等方法对易感官兵进行心理影响，尽量降低和避免军人在灾难性危机救援中的心理创伤，提高其危机应对能力。     

针对高中生自杀倾向的危机干预:1例动力性人际治疗案例报告

一、心理危机与危机干预的概念心理危机是Capland于1964年提出的概念,即当个体面临困境时,先前的处理危机的方式和惯常的支持系统不足以应对眼前的处境时,会出现暂时的心理失衡状态,即心理危机[1].危机干预是给处于危机中的个体提供有效帮助和心理支持的技术[1].当代危机干预往往采用Gilliland和James提出的六个步骤:明确问题、确保安全、提供支持、提出并验证变通的应对方法、制定计划、获得承诺[1].     

心理危机与远程心理干预

当个体经历危机事件而无法应对时容易导致心理危机,了解心理危机才能更好的进行科学的心理危机干预。本文围绕心理危机的定义,心理危机的种类、心理危机反应的阶段和远程心理干预进行简单综述,以帮助从业人员更好的提供心理危机干预。     

认知行为治疗干预替代性创伤个案报告——以一位汶川大地震救援者为例

本文报告了采用认知行为治疗对一例汶川大地震救援者进行心理危机干预的个案,该救援者因看到地震灾区某场景而突发焦虑、紧张、无助,难以自缓,主动前来接受心理辅导。在对该救援者倾听、共情、理解的基础上,通过苏格拉底式提问引导出"我很没用"的核心信念,运用认知行为治疗中的心理健康教育、认知矫正与重建、教授放松技能、建立支持系统、讨论自我关照等策略,对该救援者进行心理危机干预,干预后其焦虑情绪、负性认知和社会功能获得了明显的改善。     

灾难事件后的心理危机干预

心理危机干预对灾后幸存者及其周边人群十分必要。现就心理危机的干预对象与表现、 心理危机干预的人力组织、干预要点、干预队员的保护以及干预的伦理问题进行了述评,并对心理危机 干预未来的工作进行了展望。     

A psychometric analysis of Project Liberty's adult enhanced services referral tool

OBJECTIVES: Project Liberty was the first federally funded crisis counseling program to offer evidence-informed treatments to crisis counseling recipients in need of more intensive clinical intervention. The Adult Enhanced Services Referral Tool was developed as a screening instrument for making and monitoring referrals to enhanced services. This study aimed to examine how well the tool functioned for identifying persons who would perceive a need for professional treatment. METHODS: A one-page tool was created that assessed demographic characteristics, risk categories, and psychological reactions to the focal event, September 11, 2001. Psychosocial reactions were assessed by the 12-item SPRINT-E, which is an expanded version of the Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT). The SPRINT-E was embedded in the Adult Enhanced Services Referral Tool. Data were collected from 788 clients who received crisis counseling between June and October 2003. RESULTS: The SPRINT-E is a unidimensional measure of distress and dysfunction. Internal consistency was excellent for the total sample (alpha=.93) and subsamples. Among the 543 clients offered referral, 71 percent accepted. Among those offered referral, the number of intense reactions (score of 4, quite a bit, or 5, very much) was by far the strongest predictor of referral acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: The SPRINT-E was successfully integrated into the crisis counseling program and provided an apparently successful, empirical basis for referral from counseling to professional treatment. Results of the brief psychological assessment provided a stronger basis for referral to treatment than membership in a risk category (for example, family member of deceased) alone.     

Experiences of Counselors Who Provided Psychological Support during COVID-19 Disaster: A Qualitative Study

Background: In crisis intervention sites such as infectious disease disasters, counselors are repeatedly exposed, directly or indirectly, to the traumatic experiences of victims. Disaster counseling has a negative effect on counselors, which can eventually interfere with the counseling process for disaster victims. Therefore, exploring and understanding the experiences of counselors is necessary to ensure that qualitative counseling for disaster victims can be continuously and efficiently conducted. Objectives: This study investigated the experiences of counselors who participated in mental health counseling as psychological support for victims of the COVID-19 disaster in Korea. Design: This is a qualitative study. Participants: The study participants comprised 18 counselors who had mental health professional qualifications of level 2 or higher and who had provided mental health counseling for COVID-19 confirmed cases and quarantined persons. Methods: Data were collected using focus group interviews from February 21 to May 29, 2021. The duration of each interview was 60–90 min, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The final theme was “Continuing to walk this road anytime, anywhere.” The participants’ experiences were identified in four sub-themes: “being deployed to unprepared counseling,” “encountering various difficulties,” “feeling full of meaning and value,” and “hoping to become a better counselor.” Conclusions: In order to continuously provide qualitative counseling in case of an infectious disease disaster such as COVID-19, it is important to develop a qualification and competency strengthening program through education and training to secure the crisis intervention expertise of counselors according to the characteristics of the disaster. In addition, a psychological support manual for each disaster should be prepared at the national level according to the type of disaster.     

Treating family survivors of mass casualties: a CISM family crisis intervention approach

Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) approaches emphasize the needs of families in crisis as one component of comprehensive service delivery. The need is particularly true for family survivors of mass casualties. This paper presents one CISM theoretical approach to these family survivors that is based on both the general principles of crisis intervention and recent findings in the field of psychological trauma. The model outlines three stages that many family survivors encounter as well as the time lines, tasks, and primary feeling states in each stage. Specific strategies for intervention in each stage are presented. The implications are discussed.     

Using staff focus groups to refine a feedback process for people who used Project Liberty

Project Liberty provided free counseling services to those affected by the September 11th attacks. Focus groups were conducted with Project Liberty provider staff to gain feedback on their participation in the process of evaluating Project Liberty individual crisis counseling services. Focus groups provided information regarding barriers to eliciting feedback from people who used Project Liberty services that informed planning for the next phase of the evaluation. Focus groups proved to be a valuable method for collecting data from service providers across provider sites that differed geographically, culturally, ethnically, and organizationally, as well as in methods of offering services to individuals with mental health problems related to the attack on the World Trade Centers.     

《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则》专家解析

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是一次突发的公共卫生危机事件,不仅威胁人们的身体健康,也会给大众带来心理冲击,引起相应的心理行为问题。2020年1月26日,国家下发《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则》,本文从由谁提供(心理危机干预服务)、给谁提供、提供什么、怎么提供、注意事项5个方面对上述指导原则总体内容进行概括整理,并提出几点思考,以帮助提供相关服务的精神心理工作人员更好地理解和实施指导原则。     

团体心理干预对企业员工寻求专业性心理帮助态度及应对效能的影响

目的 探讨团体心理辅导对企业员工寻求专业性心理帮助态度及应对效能的影响.方法 采用寻求专业心理帮助态度问卷和应对效能量表对上海市松江区204名以制造、加工为主的民营企业的员工进行测查.将企业员工按工号的单双号随机分为对照组与研究组,对照组接受企业平时常规开展心理健康服务,研究组在此基础上开展每两周1次共4次的团体心理辅导.干预后1周对所有入组的企业员工再次进行寻求专业心理帮助态度和应对效能量表的测量.结果 两组员工在干预前的寻求专业性心理帮助态度与应对效能总分及各因子分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.干预后研究组在寻求专业性心理帮助总分、自我认知、社会成见、信任性及应对效能总分、胜任力、认知水平、自信程度上显著高于对照组,同时高于组内干预前评分,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.对照组干预前后各项差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 团体心理辅导能有效提高企业员工专业性心理帮助态度及应对效能.     

企业员工心理健康状况与寻求专业性心理帮助态度的相关性

目的 探讨企业员工心理健康以及与寻求专业心理帮助态度的关系,为促进企业员工更好地利用精神卫生服务,保持良好的心理健康提供依据。方法 采用焦虑自评量表（SAs）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）以及寻求专业性心理求助态度问卷（ATSPPH）对664名企业员工进行调查。结果 （1）664名企业员工中焦虑检出率为19．9％。抑郁检出率为29．4％。不同焦虑状态的企业员工ATSPPH总分、信任性、社会成见和人际开放评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。不同抑郁状态的员工ATSPPH总分及各因子评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。健康组寻求专业性心理帮助态度倾向显著高于其他组,焦虑、抑郁程度越重,其对心理咨询服务的信心越低,开放性越少。（2）在寻求专业性心理帮助的态度上,女性ATSPPH总分、自我认知、信任性和人际开放评分显著高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在受教育程度上,文化程度越高,ATSPPH总分、自我认知和人际开放评分越高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在婚姻状态上,未婚员工ATSPPH总分、自我认知、社会成见和人际开放评分高于已婚员工,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）不同求助行为的员工寻求专业心理帮助的比较,接受过心理咨询的企业员工人际开放因子上显著高于未接受过心理咨询的员工,差异有统计学意义（t=2．592,P〈0．05）。结论 企业员工心理健康不容忽视,提升专业心理帮助的利用度可有效提高员工的心理健康。     

学校心理咨询与医院心理咨询的共性与个性探讨

目的本论文试图说明学校心理咨询与医院心理咨询的共性与个性。方法实地研究学校与医院心理咨询。结果学校心理咨询与医院心理咨询各有侧重点。结论学校心理咨询师与医院心理咨询师应该经常交流，合作研究，相互支持，共同发展。