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1.
脆性X综合征被认为是导致遗传性智力低下的首位病因,其发病率在男性为1/1250,女性为1/2000。该病临床以不同程度的智力低下为主,遗传方式呈非寻常的X连锁显性遗传。细胞遗传学方法可检出位于Xq27.3的脆性位点。1990年克隆出脆性X智力低下基因FMR-1,确定该病分子学突变基础为FMR-1基因外显子中—三核苷酸重复序列(GGG)n的扩增。在正常人n为5~50,携带者n为50~200,患者n大于200,同时伴有其上游的CpG岛的异常甲基化。本文报告利用非放射性标记物地高辛标记S1B12.3探针进行Southern Blot分子印迹杂交,和PCR两种方法对脆性X综合征进行基因诊断,共检测患者3例,携带者3例,能够检出正常人,患者和携带者的(GGG)n扩增数目和CpG岛的甲基化情况,特异性强,相对简便,省时。特别是能准确地检出携带者,可直接用于产前诊断,为遗传咨询提供可靠的依据。本文采用的两种方法均不使用放射性同位素,更适合在实际临床工作中采用,具有更好的实用性。 相似文献
2.
脆性X综合征的研究概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈敬春 《中国妇幼健康研究》1997,(2)
脆性X综合征〔Fra(x)〕是常见的遗传性智力低下之一。自1991年以来Fra(x)分子生物学研究已阐明了该病的分子机制,并提供了可靠的基因诊断手段。本文将就Fra(x)综合征的临床特征、细胞遗传学及分子生物学特征作一简要综述。 相似文献
3.
1965年,Dekaban首次报道了人类染色体上的第一个脆性位点,如今已有114种脆性位点被发现。在众多的脆性位点中,唯一已经确定具有临床意义的脆性位点是Xq27.3,这个罕见型位点在X染色体上,故称为脆性X染色体,它与很多家族性智力低下有关,称为脆性X染色体综合征。流行病学资料表明:男性发病率为1/1350,女性为1/2035;群体中携带者的频率为1/726,在选择人群中脆性X综合征占轻度智力低下患 相似文献
4.
<正>脆性X综合征(FXS)是一种常见的遗传性智力低下综合征,其发病率仅次于唐氏综合征,呈X连锁遗传。FXS的发病率男性为1/4000,女性为1/6000。99%以上的FXS患者,其发病的分子遗传学基础是FXS智力低下基因1(FMR1)动态突变,使其编码的脆性X蛋白(FMRP)表达减少或者缺失。 相似文献
5.
采用PCR凝胶电泳法测定126条正常人群X染色体及来源于脆性X综合征家族的18条染色体的P(CGG)n重复数目。结果:①正常人群中,CGG重复数目最多为28,变动范围21~41(CGG)。FMR-1基因可稳定扩增,且后代受损程度不一。②脆性X家族中,母亲均为正常传递携带者,她们的前突变在卵子减数分裂过程中转变为全突变,从而导致了患病后代。脆性X综合征最罕见的遗传特点是存在正常传递男子,而且他的前突变可通过其女儿传至其孙子及曾孙。因此研究正常男、女性传递者具有临床价值。本方法简单、易行,可用于高危群体的筛查,同时也为遗传咨询和优生优育产前诊断提供依据。 相似文献
6.
脆性X综合征是一种发病率仅次于先天愚型(21-三体综合征)的遗传性智力低下疾病,是一种X连锁的显性遗传病,男性的发病率及病情严重程度明显高于女性,发病率男性为1/4 000,占所有男性智力低下患者的10%~20%,女性为1/6 000[1]. 相似文献
7.
<正>脆性X染色体综合征(FXS)为多数精神发育迟滞和孤独症患者所共有,同时也与人类生殖密切相关。减数分裂期X染色体长臂脆性X智力低下-1(FMR1)基因全突变可导致智力低下和孤独症,而前突变可导致震颤、共济失调、青春期后巨睾症和卵巢早衰(POF)。FMR1突变基因具有扩展CGG 相似文献
8.
目的:为了探讨脆性X综合征特征及简便、快速的检测方法。方法:对不明原因智力低下和癫痫伴智力低下患者共1023例家系进行了细胞遗传学和分子生物学检查。结果:检出脆性X染色体阳性98例,检出率为9.6%,其中产前诊断4例阳性。临床特征观察,除一般临床表现外发音缺陷,行为异常,家系调查在该征患者27例中有9例癫痫发作,发生率为33.33%。结论:临床特征结合分子生物学检查可用于脆性X综合征的筛查、诊断及产前诊断,是防止患儿出生的重要手段。 相似文献
9.
脆性X综合征的研究概况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
陈敬春 《国外医学:妇幼保健分册》1997,8(2):64-67
脆性X综合征(Fra(x))是常见的遗传性智力低下之一。自1991年以来Fra(x)分子生物学研究已阐明了该病的分子机制,并提供了可靠的基因诊断手段。本文将就Fra(x)综合征的临床特征、细胞遗传学及分子生物学特征作一简要综述。 相似文献
10.
陈晶 《国外医学:计划生育分册》1996,15(1):21-22
脆性X综合征是遗传性智力低下的主要病因,在家庭中其遗传风险常被忽视。通过90万居民调查发现59个脆性X家系,对可能有脆性X突变风险的家庭成员1071人进行FMR1基因诊断,检出完全突变男性20例、女性66例,前突变男性30例、女性133例。并对已妊娠的突变携带者21例作绒毛取样进行产前诊断。在家庭成员中有1例临床诊断为脆性X综合征,其亲属应做脆性X携带者的筛查。产前咨询门诊为这种遗传发育缺陷的家庭 相似文献
11.
脆性X综合征(FXS)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,是遗传性智力障碍最常见的病因,也是孤独症谱系障碍最主要的单基因缺陷。FXS主要表现为认知障碍、特殊面容、行为问题及其他多系统异常。本文综述针对FXS异常神经生物机制进行调节的药物,以期提供相应药物治疗FXS有效性与安全性的汇总数据。 相似文献
12.
The sensorimotor coordination of 14 boys diagnosed with fragile X syndrome was assessed by standardised motor tests, including the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) and the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration — Revised. Clinical observations of quality of movement during gross and fine motor activities were made and the sessions videotaped to objectify test results. Subjects ranged in age from 3;11 years to 14;2 years (mean = 8;2 years). According to the MAND assessment, 80% of the children's motor functioning was severely impaired. The children had the most difficulty on motor tasks requiring visual-motor integration and balance. Their fine motor skills were superior to their gross motor skills (F = 4.57; p < 0.05), and the older boys (>11 years) performed significantly better on tasks of bimanual dexterity. The presence of mild hypotonicity and finger joint hyperextensibility was noted in most subjects (100% among the younger children, 57–86% among those over 11 years). This study is viewed as a preliminary examination of the clinical characteristics of motor proficiency in children diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. Although its results are inconclusive because of the small sample size, the severity of motor skills was consistent throughout the sample, and the superiority of the children's fine motor performance is worthy of note. 相似文献
13.
【目的】 采用优化的PCR体系对脆性X智力障碍基因-1(FMR-1)片段扩增,分析汉族孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)患儿FMR-1基因异常突变发生情况。 【方法】 以466例汉族ASD患儿为研究对象,其中典型孤独症433名,未分类广泛性发育障碍(PDD-NOS)33名。取患儿外周血3~5 mL提取DNA,采用优化的PCR体系对466例患儿DNA进行FMR-1基因片段扩增;对于扩增成功的PCR产物进一步采用短串联重复序列(short tanderm repeat, STR)荧光检测技术进行检测。 【结果】 466个ASD患儿中,464个ASD患者(99.57%)DNA样品PCR扩增成功;2个典型孤独症患者(0.43%)DNA样品PCR扩增失败(排除DNA质量和操作问题),推断FMR-1基因发生异常突变。对于扩增成功的PCR产物进一步采用STR荧光检测技术进行检测,结果显示PCR产物均小于500 bp,其(CGG)n重复个数属正常突变范围。 【结论】 研究采用优化的PCR体系对FMR-1基因片段扩增,进一步采用STR荧光检测技术准确推断出基因片段中三核苷酸(CGG)重复个数,优化后的PCR体系可适用于大样本孤独症谱系障碍儿童的FMR-1基因突变检测。检测结果显示汉族孤独症谱系障碍儿童FMR-1基因异常突变率为0.43%。 相似文献
14.
A woman who carries the gene for fragile X syndrome (FXS) has a 50 per cent chance per pregnancy of passing the gene to her sons and daughters. In this paper we analyse interview data from mothers who are carriers of the FX gene, and who have at least one child with FXS, to examine how their understandings and enactments of reproductive options, obligations, and responsibilities support an expanded notion of genetic responsibility. Accounts of 108 women from across the United States show that the majority of mothers chose not to have another biological child once they learned their carrier status. They discussed genetic responsibility and reproductive agency in terms of an obligation not to risk having another child who carried the gene, although their accounts reflected the tensions that arose from managing oneself as a genetically at-risk actor. Another 22 mothers either purposely became pregnant or continued an unplanned pregnancy after finding out their carrier status. These mothers' accounts reflect an expanded version of genetic responsibility that incorporates ideas and values beyond managing risk in what it means to act responsibly in light of genetic knowledge. 相似文献
15.
目的:在大肠杆菌中对脆性X智力低下蛋白(FMRP)进行重组表达,获得高产量及高纯度的可溶性重组蛋白。方法:以人脑cDNA文库为模板,PCR扩增FMR1基因后将其克隆至融合表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,重组载体转化进入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS,并用IPTG进行诱导表达。应用谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖凝胶4B进行亲和层析纯化GST-FMRP融合蛋白,并以SDS-PAGE电泳和Westernblot对融合蛋白的表达进行检测。结果:亲和纯化后的融合蛋白经FMRP及GST单抗分别进行Westernblot鉴定为GST-FMRP融合蛋白。结论:大肠杆菌中FMRPISO10的重组表达产量高,纯化得到可溶性重组蛋白,为FMRP抗体的制备及FXS检测试剂盒的开发奠定基础。 相似文献
16.
目的 建立一种简便的筛查脆性X综合征的聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法。方法提取76例原因不明的智力低下男性患儿外周血DNA,用PCR扩增FMR1基因的三核苷酸重复序列。结果96.1%(73/76)的标本PCR反应出现产物,条带大小为400~500bp,相当于三核苷酸重复次数20~30;3.9%(3/76)PCR反应无产物,其中2例被证实为脆性X综合征患者。结论该方法简便、快速、价廉,可用于高危人群的快速筛查。 相似文献
17.
脆性X染色体综合征(fragile X syndrome,FXS)是一种仅次于唐氏综合征的常见遗传性智力低下的疾病。由脆性X的主要致病基因FMR1导致(CGG)n序列异常扩增引起,以至机体不能表达正常的蛋白质,对应的表型主要是智力低下,患者智商仅为正常人的40%[1]。本文对脆性X染色体综合征分子机制、临床症状、生殖及遗传加以综述。 相似文献
18.
目的了解培智学校学生家长对脆性x综合征的认知状况,为进一步对此病的高危筛查提供基础信息。方法对北京、天津市区各6所培智学校的822名学生家长进行问卷调查,内容包括对脆性X综合征的认识、态度和将采取的行动等。结果95%以上家长未听说过脆性x综合征,对此病的表现、危害等了解很少。88.2%家长愿意学习脆性X综合征的有关知识,如病因、治疗等。85%左右的家长愿意带孩子做相关的诊断和遗传咨询。结论培智学校学生家长对脆性x综合征的了解很少,但对此病的高危筛查接受性高。 相似文献
19.
Background International research in recent years has begun to focus on the medical problems of individuals with intellectual disabilities and on family stress in accessing health services for persons with developmental disabilities. Less is known about the needs of individuals in different diagnostic groups, or about their experiences of systems of care. Therefore, we report the results of focus groups with parents of children or adults with fragile X syndrome, autism or Down syndrome.
Methods Semi-structured group interviews with parents of children, youth or adults from each of three diagnostic groups probed perceptions of challenges and successes in obtaining and negotiating healthcare services in Ontario, Canada.
Results Parents described diverse barriers to care, the need for advocacy in securing services, perceptions of service delivery and the role of healthcare professionals in regulating access to a wide range of services. Diagnostic services represented one area of central concern to parents from all three groups.
Discussion Focus group data yielded a wide range of concerns. Suggestions for enhancing the system included expanding syndrome-specific education for medical students and health professionals and creating a centre that could offer service-related information for parents. 相似文献
Methods Semi-structured group interviews with parents of children, youth or adults from each of three diagnostic groups probed perceptions of challenges and successes in obtaining and negotiating healthcare services in Ontario, Canada.
Results Parents described diverse barriers to care, the need for advocacy in securing services, perceptions of service delivery and the role of healthcare professionals in regulating access to a wide range of services. Diagnostic services represented one area of central concern to parents from all three groups.
Discussion Focus group data yielded a wide range of concerns. Suggestions for enhancing the system included expanding syndrome-specific education for medical students and health professionals and creating a centre that could offer service-related information for parents. 相似文献
20.
FHIT基因与宫颈癌研究的新进展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
脆性组氨酸三联体基因定位于人3号染色体短臂(3p14.2)上,许多研究表明其表达改变与人类多种肿瘤疾病关系密切。其失活机制主要表现为启动子区域CPG岛甲基化、缺失及异常转录,其抑癌作用可能与细胞凋亡、细胞周期阻滞二腺苷三磷酸水解酶等有关。脆性组氨酸三联体基因在宫颈癌早期即有频繁缺失和异常表达,提示该基因在宫颈癌的发生发展中起关键作用。该文重点综述有关脆性组氨酸三联体基因的分子生物学研究新进展以及在宫颈癌诊治方面的意义。 相似文献