Emergency surgery of patients with ruptured great vessels and profound shock

From October 1986 to March 1989, a total of 7 patients who had preoperative profound shock underwent surgical treatment at the National Taiwan University Hospital for a ruptured aorta or vena cava. All 7 patients were men. Their age ranged from 21 to 70 years with a mean of 45 years. Emergency operations were performed due to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in 2, a ruptured dissecting thoracic aneurysm in 1, a penetrating injury which transected the intrahepatic vena cava in 2, and blunt chest injury which resulted in acute traumatic aortic transection in 2. One of these 7 patients died of acute tubular necrosis, anoxic encephalopathy and secondary sepsis, in spite of successful restoration of circulation. Two patients had postoperative complications. One had a transient paraparesis after an aortic cross-clamp, and the other had a transient impairment of the hepatic function due to the penetrating hepatic injury and the hypoxic hepatic damage. All 6 survivors were restored to an excellent state of health and had minimal post-resuscitation sequelae. We emphasize the importance of aggressive surgical treatment for those patients with the threat of impending death due to massive hemorrhage from a ruptured great vessel.     

Zero operative mortality rate in 109 consecutive elective aortic operations performed by residents

One hundred and nine consecutive elective abdominal aortic operations were performed at the Veterans Administration Medical Center San Diego between 1984 and 1987. All of the operating surgeons were residents in general surgery who were assisted by attending staff. The mean age of the patients was 66.1 years and 34 patients were 70.0 years or older. The indication for operation was aortic aneurysm in 69 and aortoiliac occlusive disease in 40. Fifteen patients underwent highly complex procedures. The mean duration of operation was 5.6 hours, mean aortic clamp time was 72 minutes and mean volume of blood replacement was 1,186 milliliters. There was no operative mortality. Twenty-nine patients had 32 nonfatal complications. Patency of the graft was 100 per cent at discharge. We conclude that excellent clinical results with complex elective aortic operations can be achieved by surgical residents with appropriate supervision.     

Aortic surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest in octogenarians.

BACKGROUND: Recent improvements in the outcomes of cardiovascular operation in octogenarians have resulted in an increase in the number of referrals of elderly patients for aortic surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2007, 12 octogenarians with aortic aneurysms underwent surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest. There were seven men with a median age of 83 years (range, 80-87 years). Diagnoses of aortic disease included acute type A aortic dissection in seven patients and degenerative thoracic aneurysm in five. Operation was performed through median sternotomy in eight patients and posterolateral thoracotomy in four. The median duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest was 50 minutes (range, 15-84 minutes). Method of brain protection during hypothermia was selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in five patients, retrograde cerebral perfusion in two, and arrest alone in five. The hospital mortality rate was 8%. Major postoperative complications occurred in six (50%) patients, with transient neurologic dysfunction in two patients and no stroke. CONCLUSION: Although postoperative complications were common, the clinical outcome of aortic surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest was acceptable.     

Ross procedure for pediatric aortic valve disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Currently, prosthetic selection for aortic valve replacement is still debatable in pediatric patients with aortic valve disease. Ross procedure is a time-consuming and demanding technique which may produce good results. This study assessed the results obtained with various methods of right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction in patients receiving Ross procedure. METHODS: From September 1996 to December 2003, 13 pediatric patients underwent Ross procedure for aortic valve disease. Their ages ranged from 1 month to 17 years (mean, 6.29 +/- 3.62 years; median, 7 years) and 2 patients were less than 1 year of age. Previous procedures in these patients included balloon dilation of the aortic valve in 10 and surgical aortic valvuloplasty in 2. RVOT was reconstructed with heterografts in 3, homografts in 3 or without extracardiac conduits in 7. RESULTS: There was 1 in-hospital death (7.7%) and 1 late death from a non-cardiac cause. One patient developed infective endocarditis with periaortic abscess 2 weeks after the Ross procedure. Eleven patients were followed for a mean of 3.3 years (range, 8 months to 8 years). There was no significant pressure gradient across the neoaorta. Severe stenosis developed gradually in 3 patients who had RVOT reconstruction with heterograft conduits. All 3 had received RVOT redo operation. None of the patients who received RVOT reconstruction without extracardiac conduits had significant pulmonary stenosis but 6 had regurgitation (nil 1, mild 3, moderate 3). No redo operation was required during follow-up (range, 8 months to 4 years). All of the 11 survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I. CONCLUSIONS: This study found satisfactory results of Ross procedure in pediatric aortic valve disease. RVOT reconstruction without extracardiac conduit is a feasible alternative despite the availability of homograft.     

Surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with graft inclusion technique.

Two male patients with huge thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms were treated surgically at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) during the last 6 years. Case 1 was 70 years old with a case of malignant lymphoma. A huge thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was found which ruptured suddenly during the course of chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. An emergency operation was performed because the patient suffered from profound shock. Case 2 was 34 years old and was referred to our hospital with a huge pulsating mass over his abdomen and progressive dysphagia. Both had atherosclerosis, thought to be the underlying etiology. The surgical technique we employed was the graft inclusion technique with major branch vessel reattachment to the side holes of the graft. Postoperative surgical results were excellent. Neither spinal cord complications nor visceral organ failure was found in either case. Case 1 unfortunately died 3 months after surgery because of advanced lymphoma with many organs being involved and upper GI bleeding. Case 2 is doing well and being followed up at our OPD at present.     

Vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation with the Autosuture Endostitch device

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate a disposable suturing device to facilitate vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation.STUDY DESIGN: Seventeen consecutive patients (mean age 66.3 years) requiring vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation had the procedure performed with the Autosuture Endostitch device with a braided polyester suture. Patients were evaluated with respect to operative time, blood loss, complications, hospital stay, and success of the vaginal fixation.RESULTS: All patients underwent additional procedures, including anterior colporrhaphy (82.4%), posterior colporrhaphy (100%), vaginal hysterectomy (5.9%), enterocele repair (76.4%), and Burch suprapubic urethropexy (5.9%). The time required for the sacrospinous ligament plication ranged between 14 and 25 minutes (mean 18.8 ± 3.0 minutes). Fifteen patients (88.2%) had an estimated blood loss ≤100 ml for the complete procedure. No complications occurred. No patient was hospitalized >4 days. Patients were followed up between 2 and 18 months (mean 9.8 ± 4.2 months). Fifteen patients (88.2%) maintained good vaginal vault support. Two patients (11.8%) had recurrence at 4 and 6 months, respectively.CONCLUSION: The Autosuture Endostitch device, although designed for endoscopic surgery, is efficacious for the performance of sacrospinous ligament fixation of the vaginal vault. Decreasing the length of the instrument would make it even more practical. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1358-62.)     

Sacrospinous colpopexy at vaginal hysterectomy: method, results and follow up in 75 patients.

This study reviews our experience with sacrospinous colpopexy done at the time of vaginal hysterectomy over a period of 3 years, and discusses the indications, outcome and safety of the technique. Between January 1996 and December 1998, 75 patients had sacrospinous colpopexy at the time of vaginal hysterectomy. The mean age of patients was 57.1 years. Simultaneous bilateral vaginal oophorectomy was done in 36 patients, anterior colporrhaphy in 56, and posterior colporrhaphy in 24. All patients underwent perineorrhaphy. Dissection and obliteration of the enterocoele sac was performed whenever encountered. Patients were seen at 2, 6 and 12 months following surgery and then yearly thereafter. The mean operative time was 85 minutes, mean uterine weight was 101 grams and mean blood loss was 137 ml. The mean follow-up period was 15 months. The vaginal vault remained well supported in 96.7%, with recurrent cystocoele in six patients (9.8%), recurrent rectocoele in 1.3%, and shortvagina in 3.3%. At 1-year follow up, 28% of those who were sexually active prior to surgery reported an improvement in sexual function. When dealing with uterovaginal prolapse, sacrospinous colpopexy performed at the time of vaginal hysterectomy is an effective treatment option for vaginal vault support.     

脱细胞生物组织补片在盆底重建手术中的应用

目的初步探讨脱细胞生物组织补片在盆腔器官膨出患者盆底重建手术中的应用情况。方法选择北京大学人民医院妇科2006年5月至12月期间接受盆底修补和重建手术并应用脱细胞生物补片的盆腔器官膨出患者20例,其中子宫脱垂19例,子宫切除术后阴道穹隆脱垂Ⅱ度1例;合并存在膀胱膨出20例、直肠膨出17例。20例患者中17例同时行阴道前后壁修补术,3例行阴道前壁修补术;阴道前壁置入补片15例,阴道后壁置入补片2例,阴道前壁和后壁同时置入补片3例。结果20例患者总手术时间平均为113．1min（70～180min）,其中放置补片的时间平均为10min。术中出血平均为175ml（50～300ml）。术后恢复良好,平均随访9．3个月（6～12个月）,未发现补片侵蚀阴道黏膜情况,无感染发生。随访期间4例（20％）患者出现盆腔器官膨出复发,3例为膀胱膨出Ⅰ度,复发时间均为6个月复查时,其中2例随访12个月时仍为膀胱膨出Ⅰ度,另1例随访8个月时也为膀胱膨出Ⅰ度,未见加重;1例为膀胱膨出Ⅱ度,复发时间为6个月复查时;所有复发患者均无临床症状。结论脱细胞生物组织补片用于盆底重建手术,方法简单,操作容易,未见补片侵蚀发生,其长期效果有待进一步观察。     

Laparoscopic treatment and staging of early ovarian cancer

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To review the laparoscopic staging procedure in a series of patients with early ovarian cancer and compare results with the literature. DESIGN: A prospective single-center study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: A hospital in Spain. PATIENTS: A total of 20 patients with apparent early stage ovarian cancer from January 2003 through November 2007. The histologic tumor types were epithelial tumors (18 patients) and dysgerminoma (2 patients). Among the epithelial tumors, 11 were invasive and 7 were borderline (3 serous and 4 mucinous). INTERVENTIONS: Comprehensive laparoscopic staging was performed in all patients according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics guidelines. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventeen patients had previous adnexal surgery and diagnosis and surgical staging were performed in only 3 patients during the same surgery. The patients' median age was 42.8 years (range 16-67). Eight (40%) patients desired to maintain fertility and a conservative approach was performed for this group. Laparoscopic staging was completed in 19 (95%) patients. In 1 case, a conversion to laparotomy was necessary as the para-aortic lymphadenectomy was completed because of a vessel lesion that was repaired without difficulty. The median operative time was 223 minutes (range 180-320) for radical surgery and 188 minutes (range 120-240) for the conservative approach. The mean hospital stay was 3 days. Of the 20 total patients, 4 (20%) were upstaged. The median follow-up was 24.7 months (range 1-61), with a disease-free survival of 95% and an overall survival of 100%. One recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive surgical staging procedure is clearly indicated in cases of early ovarian cancer and oncologic guidelines should be respected. The laparoscopic approach could be a valid alternative to laparotomy.     

子宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床病理分析

目的 分析宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCNCC)的临床病理特征、诊断、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月-2010年7月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院诊治的12例SCNCC患者的临床病理资料,包括临床特征(患者的年龄、临床分期、肿瘤类型及大小)、病理特征(肿瘤浸润、淋巴结转移、免疫组化检测结果 )、治疗及预后.结果 (1)临床特征:12例患者的平均年龄38.7岁(28～57岁);临床分期:按国际妇产科联盟(FIGO,2009年)标准,Ⅰ b1～Ⅱa期6例,Ⅱb～Ⅳ期6例;肿瘤类型及大小:9例为外生型菜花样肿物,其中7例直径≥4 cm,2例＜4 cm;2例为宫颈糜烂;1例宫颈光滑但颈管增粗.(2)病理特征:8例手术患者(Ⅰ b1～Ⅲb期)中,肿瘤浸润达间质深层(≥1/2宫颈间质)6例,达间质全层2例;盆腔淋巴结转移4例.免疫组化检测显示,嗜铬素A(CgA)、突触素、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白(CK)、CD56的阳性率分别为8/12、9/10、4/4、4/4、4/4.(3)治疗及预后:8例手术患者中,7例行广泛性子宫切除+双侧(或单侧)附件切除+盆腔(或加腹主动脉旁)淋巴清扫术,1例行广泛性子宫切除+双侧卵巢移位+盆腔淋巴清扫术.其中,4例术前、8例术后接受了辅助治疗(化疗或加放疗).中位随访时间为3个月(1～22个月),8例手术患者中,4例发生转移,其无瘤生存时间分别为3～17个月,其中2例分别于术后8.5、11.3个月死亡;4例患者仍存活,在随访期间,未见明确肿瘤复发和转移表现.未手术的4例患者(Ⅲb～Ⅳ期)中,1例予同步放化疗者确诊后已存活10.1个月,仍在随访中;2例未治疗患者分别于确诊后0.6及1.3个月死亡;1例未治疗患者失访.结论 SCNCC恶性程度高,易发生远处转移,预后差,诊断应联合组织病理学检查及免疫组化法检测,采用以手术为主的综合治疗可改善部分患者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the clinico-pathologic characteristics,diagnosis,therapy and prognostic of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix(SCNCC).Methods The clinic-pathological features of 12 patients with SCNCC treated in Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,admitted during March 2006 to July 2010,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 12 patients,the mean age was 38.7 years(rang 28-57 years),6 had stages Ⅰ b1-Ⅱa,6 had stagesⅡb-Ⅳ.Among 8 patients(Ⅰ b1-Ⅲb)underwent surgery,4 of them received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,8 of them received adjuvant chemotherapy and(or)radiotherapy.All had greater than one-half stromal invasion,4 patients had positive pelvic lymph nodes metastases.The positive ratio of the chromogranin(CgA),synaptophysin,neuronspecific enolase(NSE),cytokeratins(CK),CD56 tested by immunohistochemical staining were 8/12,9/10,4/4,4/4,4/4,respectively.Median follow-up period was 3 months(1-22 months).Among 8 patients underwent surgery,2 patients developed lung metastases,1 patient developed liver and lung metastases,1 patient developed liver metastases concurrently with bone metastases,disease-free survival (DFS)were 3 months(Ⅰ b2 with positive lymph nodes),4.6 months(Ⅱ a),7 months(Ⅰ b1),17 months (Ⅰ b2);2 patient died(8.5 and 11.3 months,respectively)after surgery;4 patients are alive and show no evidence of disease.Among 4 patients untreated,1 patients received concurrent chemoradiation and are alive for 10.1 months.Two patient untreated(Ⅲb,Ⅳ)died after 0.6 and 1.3 months final diagnosis,respectively.One patient Was lost follow-up.Conclusions SCNCC is a highly malignant tumor with rare morbility,propensity for distant spread and dismal prognosis.Final diagnosis of SCNCC depends on pathomorphology and immunohistochemical analysis.Combined therapeutic modalities may in favor of survival in some patients.     

Staged ESWL monotherapy of complete renal staghorn calculi.

A retrospective study was done on 64 patients who received staged extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy for complete renal staghorn calculi. We used laboratory-proven stone components and a regular postoperative follow-up for a minimum of 6 months. There were 46 women and 18 men. The ages ranged from 19 to 75 years (mean 48.5 years). The number of ESWL sessions ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean of 2.1 sessions. The mean cumulative hospital stay was 13.3 days (range: 6-26 days). Successful treatments were defined as debulking over 90% of the stone burden and residual fragments of less than 3 mm in the longest diameter without obstruction 6 months post-treatment. A success rate of 86% was achieved in patients who had normal or minimal hydrocalycosis and only a 14.3% success rate for the patients with moderate to severe hydrocalycosis (p less than 0.005). Five of the patients with radiant calcium oxalate monohydrate had an unfavorable outcome. The best results were observed in the patient group of magnesium ammonium phosphate/apatite with normal to minimal hydrocalycosis (94.4% successful). The stone-free rate in this series was 51.6% at 6 months posttreatment. Being the least invasive, staged ESWL monotherapy is one of the better alternatives for the treatment of complete renal staghorn calculi in a select patient group.     

Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary and recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of retroperitoneal pelvic or paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with primary and recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors. METHODS: At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, we conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors managed as inpatients from January 1991 to July 2005. The initial date of diagnosis ranged from 1971 to 2005. RESULTS: We identified 68 patients with a median age of 49 years (mean, 47.5 years; range, 19-78 years). Sixty-four (94%) patients had adult type and 4 (6%) had juvenile granulosa cell tumors. Fifty-three (78%) patients had their initial surgery at another institution and 55 (81%) were incompletely surgically staged at diagnosis due to the absence of pelvic and/or aortic lymph node dissection. Patients were assigned an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage that included IA, 39; IC, 15; IIB, 3; IIC, 3; IIIC, 1. In 7 patients, the original stage was not assigned. Only 16 (24%) patients had a pelvic lymph node sampling and 13 (19%) also had a paraaortic lymph node sampling at primary surgery or at restaging surgery performed shortly following initial diagnosis; however, in these cases, lymph nodes were negative for metastasis. The median number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 10 (mean, 11.6 nodes; range, 0-36 nodes). The median number of paraaortic lymph nodes removed was 4 (mean, 6 nodes; range, 0-19 nodes). Nine of 15 (60%) of patients managed initially at our institution were surgically staged compared to 4 of 53 (7.5%) who were managed initially elsewhere (P < 0.001). Thirty-four patients with recurrent granulosa cell tumors were managed during the study, 31 (91%) had adult type granulosa cell tumor, and 3 had juvenile histology. Thirty-three of 34 patients who recurred were incompletely surgically staged at the initial operation. Original "clinical" FIGO stage for patients who recurred included IA, 15; IC, 8; IIB, 1; IIC, 3; IIIC, 1; and in 6 patients, the original stage was not available. The median disease-free interval to first recurrence was 63 months (mean,69.4 months; range, 4-170 months). First recurrence sites included pelvis, 24/34 (70%); pelvis and abdomen, 3 (9%); retroperitoneum only, 2 (6%); pelvis and retroperitoneum, 2 (6%); pelvis/abdomen/retroperitoneum, 1(3%); abdomen only, 1 (3%); and bone, 1 (3%). CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical staging was performed in approximately 1/5 women with ovarian granulosa cell tumors; however, in those initially surgically staged, no nodal metastasis was identified. Clinical stage IA disease was the most common original diagnosis in women who recurred, and approximately 15% of first recurrences appear to involve the retroperitoneum.     

Use of the Labhardt procedure to repair pelvic organ prolapse

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: We share our 3-year follow-up results of using the Labhardt procedure as an alternative to Le Fort's operation for vaginal prolapse. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive women referred to our clinic from 1994 to 1997 with vaginal prolapse underwent the Labhardt procedure. RESULTS: At the end of 3-year follow-up, one patient had had total re-prolapse two years after the initial procedure; she underwent Labhardt surgery again and was free of symptoms at her last follow-up. Two patients had had partial prolapses, one year and six months, respectively, after their initial surgery. Two patients experienced postoperative urinary retention, for one and three months, respectively, which resolved with intermittent catheterization. The mean estimated blood loss for the entire procedure was 85 ml, and the mean operating time was 51 minutes. Most patients were discharged home within 36 hours. CONCLUSION: The Labhardt technique is simple, safe, and short, and, with proper patient selection, is an excellent alternative to other vaginal obliterative procedures.     

Intraoperative aortic balloon occlusion in patients with placenta previa and/or placenta accreta: a retrospective study

Objective

To introduce the primary experience of using aortic balloon catheters during cesarean section for placenta previa and/or placenta accreta.

Secondary cytoreductive surgery for isolated nodal recurrence in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and associated survival outcome of secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with isolated lymph node recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery for isolated lymph node recurrence were identified from tumor registry databases. Demographic, diagnostic, operative, pathologic, and follow-up data were abstracted retrospectively. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The median age at time of primary surgery for ovarian cancer was 55 years; 72% of patients had FIGO III/IV disease, and all had high-grade tumors. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy following primary surgery. The median time from completion of primary chemotherapy to nodal recurrence surgery was 16 months (range=6 to 40 months). The distribution of nodal involvement was pelvic=12% (n=3), para-aortic=60% (n=15), inguinal=20% (n=5), peri-cardiac=4% (n=1), and pelvic plus para-aortic=4% (n=1). The maximal nodal tumor diameter ranged from 1.5 cm to 14 cm, with a median of 3.0 cm. Optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery (residual disease 相似文献   

阴道封闭术治疗老年性重度盆腔器官脱垂的临床疗效

目的 探讨阴道封闭术治疗老年性重度盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的临床主、客观疗效.方法 2005年10月至2010年2月,采用阴道全封闭术及阴道部分封闭术(LeFort术)治疗老年性重度POP患者63例,患者采用POP定量分度(POP-Q)法分期均为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,平均年龄(75±6)岁(59～87岁),其中58例(92%)伴有1种以上的内科合并症.63例患者中,子宫脱垂53例,宫颈脱垂1例,阴道穹隆脱垂9例;既往POP修补术后复发7例;合并排尿困难23例(36%),排便困难11例(17%),大便失禁3例(5%);尿失禁及脱垂前有尿失禁史28例(44%).63例患者中,48例(76%)行阴道全封闭术,15例(24%)行阴道部分封闭术;58例(92%)同时行肛提肌+会阴体修补术,20例(32%)同时行抗尿失禁术.分别于术后2个月及1年进行随访,观察手术效果,测量POP-Q分期及阴道、阴裂及会阴体长度,并采用非正式的自身形象和满意度问卷评价手术的主观效果.结果 63例患者的平均手术时间为(105±48)min,其中阴道全封闭术及阴道部分封闭术分别为(128±58)和(82±26)min,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平均术中出血量为(187±128)ml(50～600 ml),其中阴道全封闭术及阴道部分封闭术分别为(232±159)和(101±54)ml,两者比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).无手术副损伤及死亡者,术后并发症的发生率为5%(3/63).63例患者术后POP-Q分期均≤Ⅰ期,无一例复发.患者术后1年时的平均阴道长度、阴裂长度分别为(3.4±1.1)、(2,3±0.5)cm,均明显小于术前[分别为(7.7±1.1)、(5.5±1.5)cm,P<0.01];会阴体长度为(3.5±0.9)cm,明显大于术前[(2.6±0.9)cm,P<0.01].63例患者中,3例(5%)术后发生轻度尿失禁.术前23例有排尿困难者平均残余尿量为(110±38)ml(50～235 ml),术后拔除尿管后减至12 ml.11例术前有排便困难者,术后6例(54%)好转;3例有大便失禁者,术后2例(2/3)好转.术后1年时,共52例(82%)患者完成了自身形象和满意度问卷,其中对手术很满意及满意者49例(94%),不满意及很不满意者3例(6%).结论 阴道封闭术治疗老年性重度POP的并发症发生率、复发率较低,主、客观成功率较高,对于老年体弱、无阴道性交要求者是一种安全、能缓解排尿及排便困难、疗效持久和满意度高的良好术式.     

Placental site trophoblastic tumor: a review of 7 cases and their implications for prognosis and treatment

OBJECTIVE: To review cases of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) for prognostic factors and treatment implications. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1982 and 2003, 7 cases of PSTT were treated at the Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center. Pathology and operative reports, patient records and laboratory results were reviewed. Data collected included patient age, presenting symptoms, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, type of antecedent pregnancy, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage at diagnosis, mitotic count and immunohistochemical expression of the tumor, treatments, response to treatments and length of survival. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 34 years. The most frequent presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding (72%). The antecedent pregnancy was a normal, term vaginal delivery in 4 patients, spontaneous or elective abortion in 2 and unknown in 1. The mean interval from last pregnancy to diagnosis of PSTT was 3.2 years (range, 4 months-8 years). Serum hCG levels at the time of diagnosis ranged from 2 to 456 mIU/mL (mean, 130). All patients initially underwent surgery (hysterectomy and/or other procedures), and those with metastatic disease also received chemotherapy (most commonly etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D/etoposide, cisplatin [EMA/EP]). The 4 patients with recurrent or advanced disease had additional surgical procedures (thoracotomy, excision of vaginal metastases or laparotomy with intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal disease resection) as well as multiple other types of chemotherapy (e.g., bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin; ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide; carboplatin/paclitaxel). Survival was 57% overall: 75%for the 4 patients with FIGO stage I disease and 33% for the 3 with FIGO stage IV. The 2 patients with mitotic counts < 2 per 10 high power fields survived. Three patients were alive and without evidence of disease for 17 years, 16 years and 8 months; 1 patient was alive with recurrent metastatic disease at 20 months; and 3 patients were dead of disease 13, 30 and 33 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Advanced FIGO stage, long interval from last known pregnancy to diagnosis and high mitotic count were adverse prognostic indicators for survival in PSTT. All patients with PSTT should undergo initial hysterectomy with other surgical procedures, as indicated. Chemotherapy, usually EMA/EP, should be used in patients with advanced PSTT and may be considered in patients with FIGO stage I disease with length of time from antecedent pregnancy >2 years or high mitotic     

The role of pelvic exenteration for the treatment of vulvar cancer

OBJECTIVES: The pelvic exenteration is a method of treatment in cases of recurrence or locally advanced gynecological tumors without distance metastases. The total pelvic exenteration has been used as salvage therapy especially for advanced gynecological malignancy. DESIGN: The aim of study was to analyse the group of women who underwent pelvic exenteration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 13 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for advanced vulvar cancer at the Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Gdańsk Poland between 1996-2003 was retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The more often performed exenteration in patients with vulvar cancer was posterior pelvic exenteration in 11 cases, total pelvic exenteration in 2 cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 56 years. The estimated blood transfusion due to operation ranged from 300 ml to 3580 ml with a mean of 1200 ml. The operating time ranged from 4 hours to 7 hours 30 minutes with a mean of 6 hours and 5 minutes. Patients stayed in hospital from 14 to 54 days after operation with a mean 33 days. The overall complication rate after pelvic exenteration was 61.5% with 8 of the 13 patients. Three times it was infection, six times wound dehiscence, in 1 case it was: ARDS, thrombophlebitis, ureter damage. There was no late complication. CONCLUSION: Pelvic exenteration offers the last chance for some women with gynecological malignancy.     

主动脉弓离断21例临床分析

目的分析主动脉弓离断(IAA)的发病情况，总结诊断和治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属儿童医院1995—2004年收治的21例IAA患儿的临床资料。 结果21例IAA患儿年龄在12d至11岁(中位数1.5个月)，男11例，女10例。占同期先天性心脏病患儿的0.1%。其中A型18例(占85.7%)，B型3例(占14.3%)，无C型病例。所有病例均合并粗大动脉导管未闭及大型室间隔缺损，其它伴发畸形包括继发孔房间隔缺损、主动脉瓣单瓣或两瓣畸形、主动脉瓣下狭窄。超声心动图明确诊断10例，提示IAA或重度缩窄8例，未提示主动脉弓病变3例，漏诊率为14.3%。21例中3例超声心动图诊断比较明确且患儿心功能差，未做心导管检查直接手术治疗，术中发现与超声心动图一致；9例施行手术治疗；2例分期手术均为年长儿，手术效果理想；余7例施行一期根治术(6例为3个月以下婴儿，1例为5岁男孩)，其中4例手术顺利，术后恢复好，3例围手术期死亡，死亡原因分别为术后室颤、鱼精蛋白过敏和术后严重肺炎呼吸衰竭。 结论超声心动图为初步诊断IAA的重要方法，但有一定漏诊率，确诊宜结合心导管检查及心血管造影；婴儿期治疗采取一期根治术，病死率仍较高，围手术期并发症是导致死亡主要原因。     

Fertility and ovarian function after conservative surgery for germ cell tumours of the ovary

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT) principally occur in girls and young women and are generally unilateral. Effective combination chemotherapy with conservative surgery has seen a dramatic improvement in survival rates. This increase has shifted the focus to long-term fertility and reproductive outcome. The present study describes 45 patients with MOGCT treated with conservative surgery to preserve fertility, with or without the addition of chemotherapy. The age range was 10 to 32 years with a mean of 20 years. The majority of the subjects had Stage 1 tumours; 44 underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 1 patient ovarian cystectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 29 patients. Overall mean follow-up was 58.7 months. There were 4 recurrences and 2 deaths. Survival of those with Stage 1 disease was 97% and for advanced stages 87%. During chemotherapy 50% became amenorrhoeic but 96% resumed normal menstrual function on completion. Seven healthy babies were recorded in the chemotherapy group and no documented birth defects occurred in any of these. There was no case of persistent infertility; 3 patients experienced temporary problems. It is concluded that conservative fertility-sparing surgery is the treatment of choice in these young women and advanced disease is not necessarily a contraindication. The majority can anticipate normal menstrual function and fertility.