Research progress on circular RNA in fundus oculi proliferative diseases北大核心CSCD

眼底增生性疾病,如脉络膜新生血管、糖尿病视网膜病变、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变等,是以细胞增生或新生血管形成为病理特征,影响眼部正常结构及功能的一组疾病。环状RNA是一种非编码RNA,并被证实参与多种眼科疾病的病理生理过程。因此,环状RNA有希望成为治疗眼底增生性疾病的潜在靶点之一。本文就环状RNA的生理功能及其在糖尿病视网膜病变、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、青光眼中神经胶质细胞增生等疾病和病理过程中的作用进行综述。     

幽门螺杆菌与眼部疾病相关性研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是一种常见的革兰氏阴性细菌,与多种消化系统疾病有关,如胃炎、十二指肠溃疡和胃癌等。近年来的研究显示幽门螺杆菌也和一些常见的眼科疾病有关,如中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、青光眼、前葡萄膜炎、眼附属器淋巴瘤等。幽门螺杆菌可能通过氧化损伤、循环障碍和免疫损伤等方式影响眼部疾病的病理生理过程。也有一些研究提示根除幽门螺杆菌对某些眼病有一定效果。本文对幽门螺杆菌在常见眼部疾病发生发展中的机制进行综述,深入探讨幽门螺杆菌与常见眼部疾病的关系可为有些眼病的预防或治疗提供新的思路。     

Blink-related microtrauma: when the ocular surface harms itself

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis results mechanically from blinking under prolonged unphysiological conditions. The pathogenic process is known as blink-related microtrauma. This review aimed to explore the validity of a general theory that besides superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, there may be other diseases of the ocular surface arising from mechanical microtrauma. A review of relevant clinical and microscopic lesions in a range of ocular surface disorders with possible mechanical aetiology was conducted. New terms were selected to facilitate understanding of such new aetiology. Besides superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, other ocular surface disorders regarded as primarily derived from blink microtrauma are: other filamentary keratitides; blepharospasm and severe ptosis; canthal/palpebral froth; affections from disordered eyelid lining; and contact lens related damage. A group of secondarily microtraumatic disorders was identified, including the example of microtrauma impacting upon interpalpebral bulbar prominences. Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis is the archetype of diseases affecting a unique combination; namely, the ocular surface conjoined with its lacrimal fluid. It is only one among many diseases actively generated within the confines of 'a self-harming surface'.     

里昂化作用与眼部疾病

里昂化作用（Lyonization）又称X染色体失活,是指雌性哺乳类动物细胞中两条X染色体的其中之一失去活性的现象.一些眼部X连锁隐性遗传病如先天性无脉络膜症、视网膜色素变性、X-连锁眼部白化病等都有里昂化作用的参与.通过了解里昂化作用将有助于眼部X连锁隐性遗传病的诊断及治疗.     

The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging

Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.     

Führung von Patientinnen mit Augenerkrankungen w?hrend der Schwangerschaft

Many ocular diseases require treatment even during pregnancy. Some conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy tend to worsen during pregnancy but others, such as uveitis may benefit from the physiological changes occurring during pregnancy. But generally even a favorable development is not sufficient to obtain a steady state without treatment. Each medication applied during pregnancy should only be given after thorough consideration of the pros and cons and discussion of these with the patient. There are sufficient medications for ocular diseases that can be given when indicated following published guidelines and experiences. This review focuses on the course and therapy of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and uveitis during pregnancy.     

Hippo通路及其在眼科领域的研究进展

Hippo通路是一个进化上保守的信号通路,它受细胞内外多种因素的调控,通过效应分子YAP/TAZ,参与调节细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和再生等多种重要生理活动,其在组织发育、器官再生以及肿瘤发生等方面均有广泛的研究。近年来的研究显示,Hippo通路与眼部组织的发育、再生和眼部疾病联系密切。阐明Hippo通路在眼部组织中的作用有助于揭示眼科疾病发生发展的机制,对完善眼科基础研究,指导眼科临床工作都具有深远的意义。本文从Hippo通路的核心组分、生物学作用以及近年来Hippo通路在眼部组织如角膜、小梁网、晶状体、视网膜和葡萄膜中的研究进展进行了详细综述。     

Advances in ocular drug delivery

Eye drops have long been the primary ocular drug delivery dosage form used to treat ocular disorders ranging from superficial conditions to intravitreal diseases. The ocular anatomical structure and physiological protective mechanisms are one of the most formidable barriers to drug penetration that have significantly reduced the drug's efficacy and target selectivity while sometimes causing ocular tissue damage. There are many new and innovative advances in ocular drug delivery due to better understanding of the structure and function of the eye, the nature of its diseases, and how to overcome or utilize its protective barrier(s), which resulted in increased bioavailability and longer duration of action of the administered drugs, therefore, more effective disease management. We seek in this article to present a comprehensive overview of the basic required knowledge about the barriers for drug delivery to the eye and the major breakthroughs and advances in ocular drug delivery to the anterior, posterior and intravitreal segments of the eye.     

眼的生物钟调控机制研究进展

生物体内存在自主性的近24h为周期的振荡,即昼夜节律。生物钟是调节机体昼夜节律的时钟系统,由中央和外周生物钟共同组成。生物钟基因及其编码的蛋白质组成转录-翻译振荡环路,通过神经传导和体液途径输出信号,进而实现对机体生理生化和行为昼夜节律的调控作用。哺乳动物的眼球包含一个完整的生物钟系统,该系统可调节眼球重要的生理功能和多种参数的昼夜节律变化,各种原因引起的生物钟基因异常,将影响眼球的昼夜节律,并可能导致眼部疾病的发生发展。因此,眼部疾病的发病机制及临床表现具有昼夜变化的特点,生物钟基因表达的改变不仅参与了眼部疾病的病理生理过程,还可能是疾病预防和治疗的重要靶点。本文介绍了角膜疾病、青光眼、近视的昼夜节律特点及相关生物钟调控机制。深入探究生物钟与眼部疾病的关系可为眼部疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.     

线粒体自噬在眼科相关疾病中的研究进展

线粒体自噬是一种选择性自噬,是指细胞通过自噬的机制选择性地清除线粒体的过程。线粒体自噬在清除功能失调的线粒体、降低线粒体数量及维持细胞稳态中起着重要的作用。它的分子机制涉及PINK1/Parkin、BNIP3、NIX和FUNDC1等多种蛋白。线粒体发生功能障碍或损坏都可能造成严重的后果,甚至导致细胞死亡。研究发现线粒体自噬紊乱与多种眼科疾病的发生有关,如白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degenration, AMD)、糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)等。本文就线粒体自噬的发生机制和它在眼科相关疾病中的研究进行综述。     

The orbit

The orbit contains the globe, extraocular muscles, and their cranial nerve supply. Orbital diseases may damage these structures, resulting in decreased vision and ocular motility deficits. Any process that increases the volume of the orbit may displace the globe and cause proptosis or ocular dystopia. This article focuses on several orbital diseases that present with neuro-ophthalmic signs.     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.

Abstract：

Ocular neovascularization is the primary cause of blindness in a wide range of ocular diseases. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is the key factor involved in ocular angiogenesis, which can cause eye diseases through the development of pathological angiogenesis and increase of vascular permeability. There are two families of VEGF-A isoforms formed by alternative splicing,the angiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx ), known to contribute to ocular neovascularization, and the antiangiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx b), which is found in normal ocular tissues but downregulated in human diabetic retinopathy. The first member of the VEGFxxxb family to be isolated was VEGF165b. It can significantly reduce preretinal neovascularization without inhibition of physiological intraretinal angiogenesis.As the studies on the VEGFxxxb family proceed more deeply, controlling the balance of VEGFxxx to VEGFxxxb isoforms may be therapeutically valuable in the treatment of angiogenic eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.     

绝经后期干眼的研究进展

干眼是常见的眼表疾病。近年来研究认为眼表改变、基于免疫的炎症反应、细胞凋亡及性激素水平降低均可导致眼表上皮细胞损伤及泪液质量下降。绝经后期妇女因卵巢功能减退、激素水平降低,导致泪膜结构和功能异常,促使干眼症的发生。本文就绝经后期干眼的眼表改变、发病机制、治疗进展三个方面进行综述。     

细胞衰老在眼表疾病中的研究进展

细胞衰老是指细胞生理功能的衰减,包括增生能力下降、细胞周期停滞、细胞凋亡、衰老相关基因表达增加等现象.近年来随着人们对衰老的进一步认识及细胞衰老检测方法的不断补充与升级,为临床治疗衰老相关性疾病提供了新思路和新方法.目前发现眼表的诸多疾病与衰老相关,如干眼症、睑板腺功能障碍、结膜松弛症、Fuchs角膜内皮营养不良、翼状...     

自噬调控眼部疾病进程的研究进展

细胞自噬是一种在生理和病理条件下发生的高度保守的自我降解过程.近年来研究表明,细胞自噬在眼部疾病的发生、发展中起着至关重要的作用.本文就细胞自噬在眼病发病机制中的作用进行了综述,为今后眼病的临床治疗提供新的思路.     

全反式维甲酸在眼表疾病中应用的研究进展

全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoid acid,ATRA)是维生素A的重要中间代谢物,其在调节眼部组织多种细胞的增生、分化以及维持上皮组织的正常角化等过程中均发挥重要作用.ATRA在角结膜瘢痕性病变如Stevens-Johnson综合征以及角膜损伤性疾病中可能具有独特的疗效,同时ATRA在抑制角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应和治疗局部角膜缘干细胞缺乏症也具有良好的应用前景.