Outcomes following selective fetoscopic laser ablation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: a single-centre experience

INTRODUCTIONFetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP), a treatment option for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies, is currently the treatment of choice at our centre. We previously reported on our experience of FLP from June 2011 to March 2014. This paper audits our fetal surgery performance since then.METHODS15 consecutive patients who underwent FLP for Stage II–III TTTS before 26 weeks of gestation from June 2011 to January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, consisting of five cases from our initial experience and ten subsequent cases. Perioperative, perinatal and neonatal outcomes were analysed.RESULTSOf 15 pregnancies, 10 (66.7%) and 5 (33.3%) were for Stage II and III TTTS respectively, with FLP performed at an earlier Quintero stage in the later cohort. Overall mean gestational ages at presentation, laser and delivery were comparable between the cohorts at 19.7 (15.4–24.3) weeks, 20.3 (16.3–25.0) weeks and 31.2 (27.6–37.0) weeks, respectively. 2 (13.3%) cases had intra-amniotic bleeding and 1 (6.7%) had iatrogenic septostomy. 1 (6.7%) case had persistent TTTS requiring repeat FLP, and another (6.7%) had preterm premature rupture of membranes at seven weeks post procedure. The overall perinatal survival rate was 21 (75.0%) out of 28 infants. One mother underwent termination of pregnancy for social reasons at 1.4 weeks post procedure. Double survival occurred in 8 (57.1%) out of 14 pregnancies, while 13 (92.9%) had at least one survivor.CONCLUSIONFLP requires a highly specialised team and tertiary neonatal facility. Continual training improves maternal and perinatal outcomes, ensuring comparable standards with international centres.     

腹腔镜与传统手术治疗胆总管下段癌的临床疗效对比

目的 对比腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）与传统开腹胰十二指肠切除术（OPD）治疗胆总管下段癌的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院普外科于2008年3月~2013年3月期间收住的40例中晚期胆总管下段癌患者的临床资料,行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者（LPD组）12例,行传统开腹胰十二指肠切除术患者（OPD组）28例。结果 LDP组患者的手术出血量、拔除胃肠减压时间、拔除腹腔引流管时间、术后下床活动时间、术后胃肠蠕动功能恢复时间、术后绝对卧床及住院时间均低（短）于OPD组患者,但LPD组患者的住院费用及手术时间高（长）于OPD组患者（P<0.05）。术后两组共15例患者出现相关并发症,其中,LPD组患者5例,OPD组患者10例,两组的总并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。其中,LPD组的胆瘘发生率均高于OPD组（P <0.05）,而胰瘘、全身感染、肺部感染、切口感染、胃延迟排空的发生率均无异于OPD组（P>0.05）。术后40例患者均随访,随访1~36个月（中位数为27个月）。随访期间,LPD组复发8例,转移6例,死亡8例;OPD组复发18例,转移13例,死亡18例。两组的复发率、转移率及病死率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 根据目前的研究结果,对于胆总管下段癌患者而言,LPD在术后恢复方面优于OPD,而在减少胆瘘、胰瘘、感染、胃延迟排空等并发症方面以及提高患者生存时间方面与OPD比较差异无统计学意义。但由于两组的样本量相对较小,对本研究结果可能带来一定的偏倚,两种术式的疗效对比仍需更多临床对照研究进一步探讨。     

完全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术6例临床疗效分析

目的 评估完全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy,LPD）的可行性、安全性。方 法 采用LPD 治疗胰头或十二指肠肿瘤患者6 例,回顾性分析手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症发生率及术后短期疗效。结果 6 例手术均在完全腹腔镜下完成,无中转开腹病例。手术时间（380.5±38.1）min;出血量（241.7±189.3）ml;清扫淋巴结（15.3±2.8）枚;平均肛门排气时间（3.5±1.0）d;术后住院（14.0±5.7）d。手术并发症发生率为33.3％（2/6）,其中轻度胰漏1例,肺炎1例;本组患者术后随访3~12个月,无肿瘤复发及转移。结论 LPD 安全、可行,能达到胰头或十二指肠肿瘤根治性切除的目的。     

Epidemiology of Cancers in Zambia: A significant variation in Cancer incidence and prevalence across the nation

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. More than two-thirds of deaths due to cancers occur in low- and middle-income countries where Zambia belongs. This study, therefore, sought to assess the epidemiology of various types of cancers in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study using the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) population based data from 2007 to 2014. Zambia Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine catchment area denominator used to calculate prevalence and incidence rates of cancers. Age-adjusted rates and case fatality rates were estimated using standard methods. We used a Poisson Approximation for calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe seven most cancer prevalent districts in Zambia were Luangwa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Monze, Mongu, Katete and Chipata. Cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and Kaposi''s sarcoma were the four most prevalent cancers as well as major causes of cancer related deaths in Zambia. Age adjusted rates and 95% CI for these cancers were: cervix uteri (186.3; CI = 181.77 – 190.83), prostate (60.03; CI = 57.03 – 63.03), breast (38.08; CI = 36.0 – 40.16) and Kaposi''s sarcoma (26.18; CI = 25.14 – 27.22). CFR were: Leukaemia (38.1%); pancreatic cancer (36.3%); lung cancer (33.3%); and brain, nervous system (30.2%). The cancer population was associated with HIV with p-value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.818.ConclusionsThe widespread distribution of cancers with high prevalence observed in the southern zone may have been perpetrated by lifestyle and sexual culture (traditional male circumcision known to prevent STIs is practiced in the northern belt) as well as geography. Intensifying cancer screening and early detection countrywide as well as changing the lifestyle and sexual culture would greatly help in the reduction of cancer cases in Zambia.     

Epidemiology of Open Tibia fractures presenting to a tertiary referral centre in Southern Malawi: a retrospective study

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents in Malawi have increased in recent years resulting in a high incidence of trauma seen in the hospitals as well as a high prevalence of musculoskeletal impairment in the community. Open fractures are a common consequence of road traffic accidents and the tibia is the most common long bone open fracture.ObjectiveEpidemiology of open tibia fractures at the largest tertiary level hospital in Malawi and incidence of infections of open fractures managed at the institution.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study of consecutive open tibia fracture patients seen and admitted to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital''s (QECH) orthopedic department from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Patients with life-threatening head, chest, or abdominal injuries were excluded as management takes priority over any limb-threatening injury.ResultsThere were 72 open tibia fractures screened, and 60 of these met our entry criteria; 6 patients did not, while 6 patient files were missing. The median age of patients was 36 years, IQR (27–44.75) with Males making up 82%(n=49) of open fractures. Most of the open tibia fractures were caused by road traffic accidents 63%(n=38), followed by assaults 18%(n=11), falls 17%(n=10), and industrial accidents 2%(n=1). 26.7% (n=16) of open tibia fractures developed an infection. We found that patients'' average length of stay was 16. 9(IQR 9.5–31.25) days. Most of the injuries (68.3%, n=41) were moderate to high energy injuries being Gustilo et al. grade II and III open tibia fractures.ConclusionThis study identified that open tibia fractures were common in our hospital and that were often high energy injuries requiring an extended hospital stay to manage. The infection rate noted was higher than that reported on average in lower- and middle-income countries. There is a need to do more robust prospective studies in the area to gather more information.     

Human papillomavirus distribution and cervical cancer epidemiological characteristics in rural population of Xinjiang,China

Background:Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue for the Uyghur women and other women living mainly in rural areas of Xinjiang. This study aims to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer in rural areas of Xinjiang, China.Methods:Cervical cancer screening was performed on rural women aged 35 to 64 years from Xinjiang, China in 2017 through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV testing. If necessary, colposcopy and biopsy were performed on women with suspicious or abnormal screening results.Results:Of the 216,754 women screened, 15,518 received HPV testing. The HPV-positive rate was 6.75% (1047/15,518). Compared with the age 35–44 years group, the odds ratios (ORs) of HPV positivity in the age 45–54 years and 55–64 years groups were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.37) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.53–2.21), respectively. Compared with women with primary or lower education level, the ORs for HPV infection rates of women with high school and college education or above were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09–1.72) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.23–2.12), respectively. Uyghur women were less likely to have HPV infection than Han women, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.61–0.99). The most prevalent HPV types among Xinjiang women were HPV 16 (24.00%), HPV 33 (12.70%), and HPV 52 (11.80%). The detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ was 0.14% and the early diagnosis rate of cervical cancer was 85.91%. The detection rates of vaginitis and cervicitis were 19.28% and 21.32%, respectively.Conclusions:The HPV infection rate in Xinjiang is low, but the detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions is higher than the national average level. Cervical cancer is a prominent public health problem in Xinjiang, especially in southern Xinjiang.     

The association between perceived electronic health record usability and professional burnout among US nurses

ObjectivesTo measure nurse-perceived electronic health records (EHR) usability with a standardized metric of technology usability and evaluate its association with professional burnout.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of a random sample of US nurses was conducted in November 2017. EHR usability was measured with the System Usability Scale (SUS; range 0–100) and burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ResultsAmong the 86 858 nurses who were invited, 8638 (9.9%) completed the survey. The mean nurse-rated EHR SUS score was 57.6 (SD 16.3). A score of 57.6 is in the bottom 24% of scores across previous studies and categorized with a grade of “F.” On multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, relationship status, children, highest nursing-related degree, mean hours worked per week, years of nursing experience, advanced certification, and practice setting, nurse-rated EHR usability was associated with burnout with each 1 point more favorable SUS score and associated with a 2% lower odds of burnout (OR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; P < .001).ConclusionsNurses rated the usability of their current EHR in the low marginal range of acceptability using a standardized metric of technology usability. EHR usability and the odds of burnout were strongly associated with a dose-response relationship.     

Validation of the kidney failure risk equation in predicting the risk of progression to kidney failure in a multi-ethnic Singapore chronic kidney disease cohort

INTRODUCTIONThe Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to predict the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the KFRE has been validated in multinational cohorts, the Southeast Asian population was under-represented. This study aimed to validate the KFRE in a multi-ethnic Singapore chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort.METHODSStage 3–5 CKD patients referred to the renal medicine department at Singapore General Hospital in 2009 were included. The primary outcome (time to ESKD) was traced until 30 June 2017. The eight- and four-variable KFRE (non-North America) models using age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, serum albumin, phosphate, bicarbonate and calcium were validated in our cohort. Cox regression, likelihood ratio (Χ²), adequacy index, Harrell’s C-index and calibration curves were calculated to assess the predictive performance, discrimination and calibration of these models on the cohort.RESULTSA total of 1,128 patients were included. During the study period, 252 (22.3%) patients reached ESKD at a median time to ESKD of 84.8 (range 0.1–104.7) months. Both the eight- and four-variable KFRE models showed excellent predictive performance and discrimination (eight-variable: C-index 0.872, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.850–0.894, adequacy index 97.3%; four-variable: C-index 0.874, 95% CI 0.852–0.896, adequacy index 97.9%). There was no incremental improvement in the prediction ability of the eight-variable model over the four-variable model in this cohort.CONCLUSIONThe KFRE was validated in a multi-ethnic Singapore CKD cohort. This risk score may help to identify patients requiring early renal care.     

流程优化的全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的临床总结（附手术视频）

  目的  探讨流程优化的全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）的安全性及可行性,通过对手术中探查、切除和重建三大步骤的总结,提出适合中国人体形的流程优化的LPD。  方法  纳入2015年12月?2017年12月在四川大学华西医院和上锦分院因壶腹部恶性肿瘤、胆总管下端恶性肿瘤、胰头良恶性肿瘤及胰头肿块性胰腺炎行LPD术患者为研究对象,分为采用流程优化的全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者（流程优化LPD组）和常规腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者（对照LPD组）。流程优化LPD组和对照LPD组患者体位和Trocar布置相同,流程优化LPD组中采用“双主刀”模式,手术分为腹腔镜探查、切除和重建3个步骤,每个步骤都遵从逆时针的操作顺序,从左至右、由浅入深循序渐进地进行（操作见视频1～3）;对照LPD组操作由主刀一人完成,手术没有特定的操作顺序。随访至术后90 d。回顾性分析比较两组患者的临床资料和预后。  结果  共纳入146例患者,其中76例患者为流程优化LPD组,70例患者为对照LPD组。流程优化LPD组患者与对照LPD组患者在术前ASA分级、年龄、性别、体质量指数、实验室检查相似（P>0.05）;流程优化LPD组手术时间缩短（341 min vs. 397 min,P<0.05）,术中出血量减少（110 mL vs.180 mL,P<0.05）,但两组患者手术中转率、输血率、术后住院时间、淋巴结清扫数目、胰腺术后出血、胆漏、B+C级胰瘘、再次手术、术后严重并发症（Clavien-DindoⅢ～Ⅳ级）、术后90 d死亡率差异无统计学意义。  结论  流程优化的LPD（双主刀结合逆时针的手术操作顺序）安全可行,可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,值得推广和借鉴。     

Case control study of risk factors and ophthalmological outcomes of very low birth weight infants with Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity

INTRODUCTIONWe evaluated the risk factors associated with Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and compared ophthalmologic outcomes between cases with Type 1 ROP who received treatment and gestational age-matched controls with mild or no ROP not requiring treatment.METHODSThis was a retrospective case-control study of VLBW infants born in National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 2001 to December 2013. 17 cases with Type 1 ROP were each matched for gestational age with controls who had either mild (below Stage 2) or no ROP. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal variables, as well as childhood ophthalmologic outcomes, were collected from their clinical records and analysed.RESULTSThe number of packed cell transfusions and highest fraction of inspired oxygen given at weeks 7–10 were found to be statistically significant on multivariate analysis (p = 0.045 and p = 0.049, respectively). None of the infants had blindness or retinal detachment, and there were no significant differences in refractive errors between the groups at 1–4 years of age. Strabismus at four years of age was more common in the group with Type 1 ROP (p = 0.023).CONCLUSIONIncreased episodes of blood transfusions and chronic lung disease requiring high oxygen supplementation at 7–10 weeks of life are significant risk factors associated with Type 1 ROP in VLBW infants in our study. Strabismus at four years is more common in this group of patients. This study highlights the importance of long-term ophthalmologic surveillance for these high-risk children.     

Association between serum uric acid level and mortality in China

Background:Whether there is an association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and risk of mortality in the general population remains unclear. Based on the China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease linked to mortality data, a population-based cohort study was performed to investigate the association between SUA level and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality in China.Methods:The survival status of participants in the cross-sectional survey was identified from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2017. Only 33,268 individuals with complete SUA data among the 47,204 participants were included in the analysis. We determined the rates of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the effect of the SUA level on mortality.Results:During a total of 297,538.4 person-years of follow-up, 1282 deaths occurred. In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the rate of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality had a U-shaped association with SUA levels only in men, whereas no significant associations were detected in women. For all-cause mortality in men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in the first, second, and fourth quartiles compared with the third quartile were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.67), 1.17 (95% CI 0.92–1.47), and 1.55 (95% CI 1.24–1.93), respectively. For CVD mortality, the corresponding HRs were 1.47 (95% CI 1.00–2.18), 1.17 (95% CI 0.79–1.75), and 1.67 (95% CI 1.16–2.43), respectively. For the cancer mortality rate, only a marginally significant association was detected in the fourth quartile compared with the third quartile with an HR of 1.43 (95% CI 0.99–2.08).Conclusions:The association between SUA and mortality differed by sex. We demonstrated a U-shaped association with SUA levels for all-cause and CVD mortalities among men in China.     

Analysis of potential factors contributing to refusal of invasive strategy after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China

Background:Reduced application of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher mortality rates after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to evaluate potential factors contributing to the refusal of PCI in STEMI patients in China.Methods:We studied 957 patients diagnosed with STEMI in the emergency departments (EDs) of six public hospitals in China. The differences in baseline characteristics and 30-day outcome were investigated between patients who refused PCI and those who underwent PCI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential factors associated with refusing PCI.Results:The potential factors contributing to refusing PCI were older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–4.52, P < 0.001), low body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, P = 0.013), not being married (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.49, P < 0.001), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.33–5.04, P = 0.005), higher heart rate (HR) (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P = 0.002), cardiac shock in the ED (OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.48–17.08, P = 0.010), pre-hospital delay (>12 h) (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.83–6.02, P < 0.001) and not being hospitalized in a tertiary hospital (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.75, P = 0.002). Compared to men, women were older, were less often married, had a lower BMI and were less often hospitalized in tertiary hospitals.Conclusions:Patients who were older, had lower economic or social status, and had poorer health status were more likely to refuse PCI after STEMI. There was a sex difference in the potential predictors of refusing PCI. Targeted efforts should be made to improve the acceptance of PCI among patients with STEMI in China.     

Risk factors associated with medication ordering errors

ObjectiveWe utilized a computerized order entry system–integrated function referred to as “void” to identify erroneous orders (ie, a “void” order). Using voided orders, we aimed to (1) identify the nature and characteristics of medication ordering errors, (2) investigate the risk factors associated with medication ordering errors, and (3) explore potential strategies to mitigate these risk factors.Materials and MethodsWe collected data on voided orders using clinician interviews and surveys within 24 hours of the voided order and using chart reviews. Interviews were informed by the human factors–based SEIPS (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety) model to characterize the work systems–based risk factors contributing to ordering errors; chart reviews were used to establish whether a voided order was a true medication ordering error and ascertain its impact on patient safety.ResultsDuring the 16-month study period (August 25, 2017, to December 31, 2018), 1074 medication orders were voided; 842 voided orders were true medication errors (positive predictive value = 78.3 ± 1.2%). A total of 22% (n = 190) of the medication ordering errors reached the patient, with at least a single administration, without causing patient harm. Interviews were conducted on 355 voided orders (33% response). Errors were not uniquely associated with a single risk factor, but the causal contributors of medication ordering errors were multifactorial, arising from a combination of technological-, cognitive-, environmental-, social-, and organizational-level factors.ConclusionsThe void function offers a practical, standardized method to create a rich database of medication ordering errors. We highlight implications for utilizing the void function for future research, practice and learning opportunities.     

Conventional Versus Endoscopic Powered Adenoidectomy: A Comparative Study

Background

Adenoidectomy is a commonly performed ENT surgery. It is conventionally performed using the curettage method. This present article aims to evaluate endoscopic powered adenoidectomy as an alternative.

Methods

Sixty consecutive cases requiring adenoidectomy were randomized into two groups of thirty each. Group A underwent conventional adenoidectomy using the curettage method and Group B underwent endoscopic assisted micro-debrider adenoidectomy. The parameters studied were intra-operative time, intra-operative bleeding and completeness of resection, collateral damage, post operative pain and recovery time.

Result

Sixty cases of adenoidectomy were done using conventional surgery and powered endoscopic adenoidectomy in the study period from Aug 04 to Dec 05. The time taken in Group A (conventional surgery) varied from 22–39 minutes (95% Confidence Interval (CI) −27.7 – 30.9)and in Group B (powered endoscopic surgery) from 27–55 minutes(95% CI 36.6 – 41.9) (p<0.05). The average blood loss in Group A was 21 ml (range 10–50) as compared to 31.67 ml (range 10-60) in Group B (p<0.05). The resection was invariably complete in Group B whereas seven(23%) cases had more than 50% residual adenoid tissue in Group A. Three cases in group A had collateral damage whereas in Group B, there were no added injuries. Post operative pain was studied only in cases undergoing adenoidectomy alone. Group A (n=8) demonstrated a pain score of 1.64–2.63–3.63 (95% CI) whereas Group B (n=11) demonstrated a pain score of 1.19–2.13–3.06 (95% CI). This difference was not statistically significant. In group A, the mean recovery period was 3.5 days and 2.93 days in Group B(p<0.05).

Conclusion

Endoscopic powered adenoidectomy was found to be a safe and effective tool for adenoidectomy. The study parameters where endoscopic powered adenoidectomy fared better were completeness of resection, accurate resection under vision, lesser collateral damage and faster recovery time. On the other hand, conventional adenoidectomy scored in matter of lesser operative time and intra-operative bleeding.Key Words: Adenoidectomy, Powered adenoidectomy, Endoscopic adenoidectomy     

The impact of time spent on the electronic health record after work and of clerical work on burnout among clinical faculty

ObjectiveTo identify specific thresholds of daily electronic health record (EHR) time after work and daily clerical time burden associated with burnout in clinical faculty.Materials and MethodsWe administered an institution-wide survey to faculty in all departments at Mount Sinai Health System from November 2018 to February 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Mayo Well-Being Index assessed burnout. Demographics, possible confounding variables, and time spent on EHR work/clerical burden were assessed.ResultsOf 4156 eligible faculty members, 1781(42.9%) participated in the survey. After adjustment for background factors, EHR frustration (odds ratio [OR]=1.64–1.66), spending >90 minutes on EHR-outside the workday by self-report (OR = 1.41–1.90) and >1 hour of self-reported clerical work/day (OR = 1.39) were associated with burnout. Reporting that one’s practice unloads clerical burden (OR = 0.50–0.66) and higher resilience scores (OR = 0.77–0.84) were negatively associated with burnout.Spending >90 minutes/day on EHR-outside work (OR = 0.66–0.67) and >60 minutes/day on clerical work (OR = 0.54–0.58) was associated with decreased likelihood of satisfactory work–life integration (WLI) and professional satisfaction (PS). Greater meaning in work was associated with an increasedlikelihoodof achieving WLI (OR = 2.51) and PS (OR = 21.67).ConclusionResults suggest there are thresholds of excessive time on the EHR-outside the workday (>90 minutes) and overall clerical tasks (>60 minutes), above which clinical faculty may be at increased risk for burnout, as well as reduced WLI and PS, independent of demographic characteristics and clinical work hours. These thresholds of EHR and clerical burden may inform interventions aimed at mitigating this burden to reduce physician burnout.     

Delivery room resuscitation and short-term outcomes of extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter survey in North China

Background:Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China.Methods:The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD.Results:A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082–4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606–3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044–1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061–2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328–3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679–4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777–6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996–0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379–0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160–0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05).Conclusion:Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.     

机器人胰腺手术1010例经验与教训

目的通过单一手术团队大样本量机器人胰腺手术（RPS）深入论证手术安全性、可行性及优越性。方法2011 年11 月~ 2017年9月解放军总医院刘荣手术团队共完成1010例RPS,前瞻性收集、回顾性分析相关临床资料。手术主要采用第三代达芬 奇机器人手术系统完成。结果全组手术中机器人胰十二指肠切除术417例、远端胰腺切除术428例、中段胰腺切除60例、胰腺 肿瘤剜除术53例、Applyby3例、其他手术49例（包括创新性机器人后腹腔镜4例,肿瘤剜除联合主胰管架桥修复4例、单孔机器 人胰腺肿瘤剜除术1例和中段胰腺切除联合端端对吻胰腺重建术2例）。中位手术时间210 min（30~720 min）,中位术中出血量 80 mL（10~2000 mL）,中转率4.06%（41/1010）,输血率6.7%（68/1010）,术后住院时间10.87±6.70 d,Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ级以上并 发症发生率8.0%（81/1010）、B级以上胰瘘发生率9.21%（93/1010）,30 d 死亡率0.69%（7/1010）、90 d 死亡率1.31%（12/934）。 RPS比例由2012年10.44%升至2017年72.06%。结论本研究为目前全球最大宗RPS病例组报道,临床实践表明随着经验的积 累和方法的优化,RPS能够得以发展快速,并逐渐取代开腹和腹腔镜手术,成为胰腺手术首选术式。经过学习曲线后,包括胰十 二指肠切除术、Appleby在内的所有RPS安全、可行,早期开展RPS时应借鉴成熟经验以减少并发症发生。     

How effective are electronic medication systems in reducing medication error rates and associated harm among hospital inpatients? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess: 1) changes in medication error rates and associated patient harm following electronic medication system (EMS) implementation; and 2) evidence of system-related medication errors facilitated by the use of an EMS.Materials and MethodsWe searched Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2005 and March 2019, comparing medication errors rates with or without assessments of related harm (actual or potential) before and after EMS implementation. EMS was defined as a computer-based system enabling the prescribing, supply, and/or administration of medicines. Study quality was assessed.ResultsThere was substantial heterogeneity in outcomes of the 18 included studies. Only 2 were strong quality. Meta-analysis of 5 studies reporting change in actual harm post-EMS showed no reduced risk (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.18–8.38, P = .8) and meta-analysis of 3 studies reporting change in administration errors found a significant reduction in error rates (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.72–0.83, P = .004). Of 10 studies of prescribing error rates, 9 reported a reduction but variable denominators precluded meta-analysis. Twelve studies provided specific examples of system-related medication errors; 5 quantified their occurrence.Discussion and ConclusionDespite the wide-scale adoption of EMS in hospitals around the world, the quality of evidence about their effectiveness in medication error and associated harm reduction is variable. Some confidence can be placed in the ability of systems to reduce prescribing error rates. However, much is still unknown about mechanisms which may be most effective in improving medication safety and design features which facilitate new error risks.     

POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统预测LPD手术风险的价值研究

  目的  探讨POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统在预测腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）并发症发生率及病死率中的价值。  方法  回顾性分析2014年2月至2017年7月四川大学华西医院收治的132例接受LPD患者的临床资料, 收集所有患者的12项术前生理评分及6项手术评分, 以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估POSSUM评分系统预测LPD术后并发症的价值, 并分层分析POSSUM评分系统预测的能力。分别评估POSSUM、P-POSSUM评分系统预测病死率和真实水平的差异。  结果  以POSSUM评分系统预测LPD术后并发症的有无,ROC曲线下面积为0.83。分层分析发现有并发症者术前生理评分及POSSUM评分值较高,与无并发症者相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;对LPD术后并发症的预测, POSSUM评分值在>0.4～0.6时与真实值最相近、最准确;对良、恶性病变,LPD术后的并发症的预测值与实测值的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）, 其中对恶性肿瘤的预测价值更高;POSSUM评分系统预测男性与女性LPD术后并发症发生率均有价值,且性别间预测值差异无统计学意义。实际的LPD术后并发症发生率为33.3%, POSSUM评分系统预测的并发症发生率为36.6%, 两者差异无统计学意义。POSSUM评分系统预测的病死率是7.0%, 实际的病死率是1.5%, 两者差异无统计学意义;P-POSSUM评分系统预测的病死率是1.6%, 实际的病死率差异无统计学意义。  结论  POSSUM及P-POSSUM评分系统预可较好预测LPD的手术风险, 可用于指导临床决策。