足月新生儿屈光度和眼球生物学参数特征及其相关性

目的：探讨足月新生儿屈光度和眼球生物学参数的特征,并分析屈光度及眼球生物学参数的相关性。方法：横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样的方法纳入2021年9月至2022年2月在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院出生的足月新生儿71例（142眼）,在出生后7 d内进行检查。通过睫状肌麻痹后检影验光获得其屈光度,手持电脑验光仪测量角膜曲率（Km）,眼部A型超声测量获得前房深度（ACD）、晶状体厚度（T）、玻璃体腔深度（V）和眼轴长度（AL）。根据Km计算角膜曲率半径（CR）,根据AL和CR计算眼轴角膜曲率比（AL/CR）,并根据AL、ACD、Km、等效球镜度（SE）等计算晶状体屈光度（LP）。采用Spearman相关分析屈光度数、AL、LP等各参数之间的相关关系,使用线性回归分析获得影响AL 及屈光状态的回归方程。结果：新生儿的SE为+3.00（+2.00,+5.25）D,Km为46.25（44.63,47.63）D,AL为（16.99±0.49）mm,LP为（46.10±5.13）D。SE与AL、LP呈负相关（r=-0.52,P<0.001;r=-0.21,P=0.014）,与Km无相关性（r=-0.16,P=0.053）;AL与胎龄（GA）呈正相关（r=0.24,P=0.005）相关回归分析显示：AL=11.937+0.129×GA（R2 =0.07,F=10.75,P=0.001）;SE=60.362 -2.835×AL-0.190×LP（R2 =0.39,F=44.95,P<0.001）。结论：足月新生儿屈光度为中高度远视,AL较成人短,LP较成人大。SE与AL呈负相关,与Km无相关关系,AL是影响SE的关键因素。     

儿童眼部生物学参数的影响因素分析

目的 了解眼别、性别以及年龄对儿童眼部生物学参数的影响,探索其演变规律。方法 横断面研究。征集于2019年1月至2020年1月,因眼部健康检查首诊我院的年龄在3～18岁的儿童。检查并记录患儿双眼裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼压(IOP),眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜宽度(WTW)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜平均曲率(K)、角膜平坦曲率(K1)、角膜陡峭曲率(K2)、角膜散光(CYL)均通过光学生物测量仪AL-Scan检测;睫状肌麻痹下检影验光,记录并换算为等效球镜(SE)。入选者按年龄分为A组(3～5岁)、B组(6～11岁)、C组(12～18岁)。采用SPSS 26.0软件分析数据。结果 征集3～16岁儿童528例。右眼的AL比左眼长0.04 mm,K2比左眼低0.06 D,CYL比左眼低0.08 D(P <0.05)。男孩的AL比女孩长0.56 mm,ACD比女孩深0.13 mm,WTW比女孩宽0.21 mm,K、K1、K2分别比女孩低0.74 D、0.71 D及0.75 D(P <0.05)。BCVA(A组0.73±0.25,B组0....     

眼轴长度与白内障超声乳化术并发症的相关分析

目的：在高度轴性近视眼与正常眼轴眼之间作对比分析,观察眼轴长度与白内障超声乳化加人工晶状体（ intraocular lens, IOL）植入手术风险的相关性。 方法：回顾性分析2012-02/2013-02在我院行白内障超声乳化加IOL植入术的连续病例843例1042眼。正常眼轴组（21~24mm）853眼,高度轴性近视组（≥26mm）189眼。对比分析两组的眼内并发症,包括玻璃体脱失,后囊膜破裂,晶状体核掉入玻璃体腔和IOL位置异常。结果：年龄在两个组中都是眼内并发症的风险因素,年龄的增长与眼内并发症的发生呈正相关,眼轴长度与眼内并发症的发生呈正相关,尤其对于后囊膜破裂和玻璃体脱失两个并发症。 结论：此项研究结果提示,年龄和眼轴长度是白内障超声乳化手术并发症发生的两个风险因素,了解这些风险并提前做好准备可能会降低并发症的发生。     

眼轴长度与白内障手术年龄的相关性

目的观察眼轴长度与白内障手术年龄之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析304例年龄大于50岁行第1只眼白内障手术的连续病例,记录手术年龄与眼轴长度,分析二者之间的相关性。结果未发现随眼轴长度加长,手术年龄减轻(P=0.632)。60岁以前手术者眼轴长度明显长于60岁以后手术的其余各年龄组患者的眼轴长度。散点图观察未发现眼轴长度与手术年龄之间有线性相关关系。结论眼轴增长可使白内障手术年龄提前。我国白内障患者手术时机的选择还受许多非医学因素的影响。     

儿童青少年高度近视眼轴长度屈光度,年龄及眼底损害的？…

目的：探讨儿童青少年高茺近视更合理的防治时机。方法：观察７６例１４７眼之眼轴长度及其与屈光度、年龄及眼底严重损害发生率之间的相关性并分析病变过程中后巩膜葡萄肿、漆裂样纹损害、玻璃体变性及Ｆｕｃｈｓ斑等病变之发生与进展。结果：眼轴长度、屈光度、年龄与眼底严重损害成正相关;眼轴在２６ｍｍ以下,屈光度８Ｄ以下或年龄１０以下眼底严重损害发生率很低;在眼底损害中,后巩膜葡萄肿出现较早,发展亦快,在眼轴由２６     

眼轴长度与白内障手术年龄的相关分析

目的:观察白内障患者手术年龄与眼轴长度的关系.方法:收集我院2001/2004共1 004例初次白内障患者手术的年龄、眼轴长度,按眼轴长度分A、B、C 3组,比较各组手术年龄,并对手术年龄和眼轴长度作相关分析.结果:眼轴长度为C组,白内障患者手术年龄平均为(64.25±8.0)岁,而眼轴长度为A组,手术平均年龄仅为67.44±9.16岁,差异显著(P=0.002).手术年龄与眼轴长度有较弱的负相关,r=-0.25,P=0.015.结论:随眼轴长度的增加,白内障患者手术年龄出现年轻化趋势.     

学龄期儿童青少年屈光度与眼球生物学参数的关系

目的 研究学龄期儿童青少年屈光度与眼球部分生物学参数之间的关系。方法 收集学龄期儿童青少年413例826眼,利用LenStar LS900光学生物测量仪和A型超声诊断仪测得眼部生物学参数,研究屈光度与生物学参数之间的关系。结果 男生眼轴长度、中央前房深度及玻璃体长度大于女生,而角膜平均曲率和晶状体厚度小于女生,P<0.05。等效球镜及眼内压之间男生与女生比较差异无统计学意义;随年龄增加等效球镜度数不断加深、眼轴变长、角膜曲率变平、晶状体变薄、中央前房深度及玻璃体腔深度加深,P<0.05;眼内压随年龄增加变化无统计学意义,P>0.05。随屈光度加深眼轴及玻璃体腔长度延长,角膜曲率和前房深度增大、晶状体变薄,P<0.05。结论 眼球屈光度和生物学参数对儿童青少年屈光不正发生发展的影响具有重要意义。     

儿童青少年高度近视眼轴长度屈光度、年龄及眼底损害的相关性

目的:探讨儿童青少年高度近视更合理的防治时机.方法:观察76例147眼之眼轴长度及其与屈光度、年龄及眼底严重损害发生率之间的相关性并分析病变过程中后巩膜葡萄肿、漆裂样纹损害、玻璃体变性及Fuchs斑等病变之发生与进展.结果:眼轴长度、屈光度、年龄与眼底严重损害成正相关;眼轴在26mm以下,屈光度8D以下或年龄10岁以下眼底严重损害发生率很低;在眼底损害中,后巩膜葡萄肿出现较早,发展亦快,在眼轴由26mm增长至30mm之全过程中后巩膜葡萄肿发生率均显著增高;20岁之前眼轴长度、屈光度进展较快,但眼底严重损害较少和较轻,20岁以上者眼轴长度、屈光度进展较缓,然眼底严重损害之发生率却显著增高.结论:及时控制儿童、青少年高度近视之病程进展是眼科临床一项重要措施.     

白内障患者手术年龄和眼轴长度与晶状体厚度相关性分析

目的:探讨白内障患者手术年龄、眼轴长度、晶状体厚度之间相关性。方法:将319例393眼白内障患者根据眼轴长度分为非高度近视白内障组198例237眼及高度近视白内障组121例156眼,用A型超声生物测量眼轴长度及晶状体厚度。结果:非高度近视白内障组及高度近视白内障组在手术年龄(t=3.614,P=0.000)、晶状体厚度(t=-3.081,P=0.002)方面均有统计学差异。高度近视白内障患者手术年龄小于非高度近视白内障患者,晶状体厚度厚于非高度近视白内障患者。非高度近视白内障组手术年龄与眼轴长度无明显相关性(r=-0.081,P=0.214),手术年龄与晶状体厚度呈正相关(r=0.178,P=0.006),眼轴长度与晶状体厚度无明显相关性(r=-0.050,P=0.442)。高度近视白内障组手术年龄与眼轴长度呈负相关(r=-0.211,P=0.008),手术年龄与晶状体厚度无明显相关性(r=0.078,P=0.332),眼轴长度与晶状体厚度呈正相关(r=0.207,P=0.010)。结论:非高度近视白内障患者随着年龄的增长,白内障逐渐加重,眼轴长度的差异未影响白内障手术年龄。高度近视白内障患者人群中,年龄的差异并未影响白内障严重程度,眼轴越长,白内障的手术年龄越小。     

非正常眼轴眼前节参数测量和IOL度数计算公式研究进展

屈光性白内障手术的良好效果取决于多种因素,主要包括术前精确的生物测量和人工晶状体(IOL)度数的准确计算。非正常眼轴术前眼部生物测量精确性较低,且术后屈光状态预测与正常眼轴眼相比误差较大,这为获得术后最佳视觉质量带来了很大挑战。近期,新型光学生物测量仪的临床应用,个体化的IOL度数计算公式的研发和应用,使IOL度数选择更加精确。本文针对非正常眼轴白内障患者术前眼部参数测量及IOL度数计算公式的选择近3a最新相关研究进展进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考。     

糖尿病视网膜病变新生血管程度与眼轴长度的关系

目的：评估糖尿病视网膜病变新生血管程度与眼轴长度的相关性。方法：选取我院2012－12／2015－01收治的增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者146例189眼作为观察组,对患者行常规眼部检查,经眼底荧光血管造影检测,将患者按眼底情况不同分成Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期与Ⅵ期,同时随机抽取糖尿病无视网膜病变患者146例292眼作为对照组,记录各组眼轴长度。结果：观察组患者眼轴长度为22．03±0．92mm,对照组眼轴长度为24．14±0．78mm,两组相比,差异有统计学意义（t＝7．272,P＝0．024）。在观察组中患眼眼轴越长,糖尿病视网膜病变新生血管程度越轻,且为负相关。结论：较长的眼轴长度对于糖尿病患者有保护作用,在临床工作中,测量糖尿病患者眼轴长度对于预测糖尿病视网膜病变有一定的指导意义。     

眼轴长度与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的关系

目的研究眼轴长度与糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)程度的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法按照眼轴长度将84例(160眼)2型糖尿病患者分为3组:眼轴长度≤24mm(87眼)、24～26mm(48眼)、>26mm(25眼)。采用国际标准视力表检查视力;使用裂隙灯显微镜检查眼前节,托品酰胺眼液散瞳(排除高眼压后),双目间接检眼镜和荧光素眼底血管造影术(fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)检查眼底,A型超声波测量眼轴长度。根据患者视网膜病变的严重程度分为无DR期组,非增生性DR组和增生性DR组(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)。屈光不正程度与DR分期的相关性分析采用Kendall和Spearman检验,不同屈光不正程度患者中PDR发生率的比较采用卡方检验。结果患眼眼轴越长,DR病变程度越轻,二者之间存在等级相关,且为负相关,3组NPDR眼数分别为23眼、12眼、16眼,PDR眼数分别为62眼、33眼、2眼,差异均有统计学意义(Kendall检验P<0.05,r=-0.34;Spearman检验P<0.01,r=-0.367)。眼轴>26mm组患者与其他2组患者的PDR发生率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.457,P<0.05)。结论眼轴较长的患者,DR病变程度较轻。长眼轴作为PDR的保护性因素,对DR临床处理有一定的指导意义。     

A study comparing ocular pressure pulse and ocular fundus pulse in dependence of axial eye length and ocular volume

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 766–772

Abstract.

Purpose: There is a long‐standing discussion about whether myopia is associated with decreased choroidal blood flow, as suggested by pneumotonometric measurements of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF). However, it has been noted previously that calculations of POBF depend on intraocular volume. Methods:  In the present study we investigated this volume dependence through the comparison of ocular pressure pulse and ocular fundus pulse. Fifty‐one healthy participants with different refractive errors participated in the study. Pulse amplitude (PA) and POBF were measured using pneumotonometry. Fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA) was measured with laser interferometry. Axial eye length (AEL) was measured with partial coherence interferometry. A mathematical model was used to calculate choroidal volume changes based on FPA. The ocular pressure pulse was converted into pulse volume (PV) according to the standard procedure used for pneumotonometry. Results: PA and POBF were found to decrease with increasing axial length (r = ?0.55, p < 0.001 and r = ?0.57, p < 0.001, respectively). A similar relationship existed for PV (r = ?0.57, p < 0.001) and FPA (r = ?0.46, p = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant association between PV and choroidal volume change during the cardiac cycle (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study confirms experimentally that PA, FPA and POBF are dependent on ocular volume and indicates that the pulsatile component of ocular blood flow is not reduced in myopic patients. Accordingly, the relationship between AEL and POBF described previously appears to be a consequence of different ocular volumes. Our findings have important implications for studies using PA or POBF.     

The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term influence of a period of dynamic exercise on axial length (AXL) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in young adult subjects.Patients and methods In all, 20 young adult subjects (10 myopes and 10 emmetropes) participated. Baseline measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) were taken following a 20-min rest period. Subjects then performed 10 min of moderate intensity, low impact dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry). Measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and OPA were repeated immediately after, and then 5 and 10 min after this exercise task. Systemic blood pressure and pulse rate were also monitored. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the changes in the measured parameters.Results Exercise resulted in significant changes in a range of ocular parameters. A small but significant decrease in AXL was observed following exercise (P<0.0001). The largest change in AXL was noted immediately following exercise (mean decrease −17±10 μm). IOP and OPA also decreased significantly following exercise (P<0.0001). A moderate but significant positive association was found between the changes in AXL and the changes in IOP (r²=0.36, P<0.0001). There were no significant differences found between the myopic and emmetropic subjects in the magnitude of changes observed in ocular parameters following exercise.Conclusion The physiological effects of dynamic exercise lead to changes in a range of ocular parameters, including significant reductions in IOP, OPA and decreases in AXL.     

Association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy: a review of observational findings and potential mechanisms

A protective, but inconsistent association between myopia and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been suggested in several studies. However, it is unclear whether the structural, or the refractive components of myopia; or both, is the main contributor to this protective relationship. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing evidence on the association between myopia, and its structural (axial length [AL], anterior chamber depth [ACD]) and refractive (lens biometry and corneal curvature [CC]) components, with DR. 11 studies consisting of 7230 subjects from 1960 to April 2012, were reviewed. A longer AL was the only variable associated with a lower risk and severity of DR. Therefore, the available evidence suggests that AL is the main contributor to the protective influence of myopia on DR observed in earlier studies. Further investigations are now needed to determine the mechanisms by which AL protects against DR.     

眼压和眼轴长与视网膜静脉阻塞的关系

目的探讨眼压和眼轴长与视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）的关系。方法应用CanonTX-F型眼压计对56例RVO患者的眼压进行测量,并用A超对其眼轴进行测量,对照组为年龄、性别相匹配的98例白内障摘除患者。结果视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）阻塞眼眼压显著低于对测眼及正常对照眼（P〈0.01）;视网膜分支静脉阻塞（BRVO）阻塞眼眼压与对测眼及正常对照眼比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。CRVO阻塞眼眼轴长与对照眼比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;BRVO阻塞眼眼轴长与对照眼比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论眼轴长偏短是CR-VO的危险因素,CRVO可引起眼压降低;眼轴长偏短不是BRVO的危险因素,BRVO不能引起眼压降低。