国产色觉检查D─15色彩排列试验盒的临床应用

本文应用国产色觉检查Ｄ─１５色彩排列试验盒和国外ＰａｎｅｌＤ－１５试验盒对２５例（５０眼）正常人，１４１例（２６３眼）先天性色觉异常者和眼病病人进行检查，证实国产色觉检查Ｄ－１５色彩排列试验盒已达到国外ＰａｎｅｌＤ－１５试验盒的水平，可供临床应用。     

不同明度和不同饱和度D-15试验的临床应用

目的：比较不同明度和不同饱和度Ｄ－１５试验的临床应用价值。方法：应用Ｐａｎｅｌ Ｄ－１５试验、Ｈａｎｎ氏双Ｄ－１５试验和北京中国科学院心理研究所中、低饱和度Ｄ－１５试验「简称ＣＡＳ－ＰＩ Ｄ－１５试验」对１８例（３０眼）正常人、１９例（３８眼）先天性色觉异常、３６例（５９眼）眼病患者（包括黄斑病、视神经病变、Ｇｒａｖｅｓ眼病）进行检测。结果：在正常人中,少部分受试眼在低饱和度Ｄ－１５试验出现小错;     

国产色觉检查D—15色彩排列试验盒的临床应用

本文应用国产色觉检查Ｄ－１５色彩排列试验盒和国外ＰａｎｅｌＤ－１５试验盒对２５例（５０眼）正常人，１４１例（２６３眼）先天性色觉异常者和眼病病人进行检查，证实国产色觉检查Ｄ－１５色彩排列试验盒已达到国外ＰａｎｅｌＤ－１５试验盒的水平，可供临床应用。     

血浆D-二聚体测定在缺血性眼病临床诊治中的应用

D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)是交联纤维蛋白的稳定而特异的降解产物,可作为体内高凝状态和纤溶亢进的分子标志物之一,其血浆浓度升高,反映了体内纤溶活性的增强。一些与凝血、血栓有关的疾病,如心肌梗死、深静脉血栓形成等,均会使血浆DD水平升高。近年来,D-二聚体在心、脑血管等疾病中研究较多,但在眼科领域还未见相关报道。缺血性眼病(IOP)是眼缺血的总称,主要包括视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)、视网膜分支动脉阻塞(BRAO)、缺血性视神经病变(ION)及眼缺血综合症(OIS)等,为眼科常见病、多发病,其中绝大部分为血栓性疾病,当眼部发生血栓性疾病时,及时测定血浆DD,将对其诊断及治疗有非常重要的意义。现我们就血浆DD测定在缺血性眼病临床中的应用作一综述。     

激光全息立体视仪在招收飞行员体检中的应用研究

目的：探讨激光全息随机点立体敏度检查仪的客观性和实用性以及其在选拔飞行员中的实用价值。方法：应用军事医学科学院和海军总医院联合研制的激光全息随机点立体视检查仪对372名招飞学员受试者进行立体视锐度检查。结果：2min内立体视锐度≥100'者为216名，占受检者总数的58．1％，2min内立体视锐度≥60'以上者为110名，占总数的29．5％；2min内立体视锐度≥50'以上者为34名，占总数的9．1％；2min内立体视锐度≥40'以上者为12名，占总数的3.2％。具有黄斑中心凹立体视者共计156名，占总数的42．0％，具有黄斑立体视者为216名，占58．1％。无一例立体视盲。结论：激光全息随机点立体视锐度检查仪是在直观自然状态下检测立体视锐度的，无意配戴红绿分视镜，避免了记忆和猜图现象，结果准确可靠。它对于用来选拔飞行员及相关职业的筛选有重要实用价值。     

色觉对比度阈值检测在年龄相关性黄斑病变中的应用

目的探讨色觉对比度阈值变化在年龄相关性黄斑病变中的应用价值。方法选取我院就诊的年龄相关性黄斑病变患者19例22眼,作为研究组;另选取正常人15名25眼作为对照组。两组均进行色觉对比度阈值检测。对检测结果进行分析。结果对照组红-绿色轴的平均阈值为4.59%±0.84%,蓝-黄色轴平均阈值为26.24%±6.27%,经统计分析,两色轴的平均阈值间有显著差异(t=18.37,P<0.01)。两色轴均与年龄呈线性关系,但无显著相关性(r2=0.203,r2=0.258)。研究组红-绿色轴的平均阈值为16.30%±8.69%,蓝-黄色轴平均阈值为74.48%±20.79%,经统计分析,两色轴的平均阈值间也存在显著差异(t=18.31,P<0.01)。两组间进行比较分析发现其在红-绿色轴和蓝-黄色轴上都存在显著差异(t=6.73,t=11.05,均为P<0.01)。结论色觉对比度阈值能有效反映年龄相关性黄斑病变的情况,结果可靠,操作简单,患者易于配合,可作为早期筛选与监测的一项辅助手段。     

色觉对比敏感度阈值检测在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用

目的 探讨色觉对比敏感度阈值测试在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 前瞻性病例对照研究.选取82只可疑开角型青光眼作为可疑青光眼(SOAG)组,80只已确诊为原发性开角型青光眼作为青光眼(POAG)组,75只正常眼作为对照组.3组均采用计算机图像辅助系统检测双眼红-绿色轴和蓝-黄色轴上四个象限的色觉对比度阈值,6个月后对SOAG组进行随访.组间及组内象限间采用单因素方差分析,SOAG组随访前后采用配对t检验,视野随访检查阳性率与色觉对比敏感度检查一致性检验采用Kappa评价方法.结果 ①3组红-绿色轴和蓝-黄色轴上色觉对比敏感度阈值为POAG组＞SOAG组＞对照组.红-绿色轴上仅POAG组与对照组在四个象限间差异有统计学意义(F=4.16、3.57、4.58、5.10,P＜0.01);蓝-黄色轴上POAG组与对照组的四个象限间,POAG组与SOAG组的颞下象限间与鼻下象限间,SOAG组与对照组的颢上象限间,颞下象限间和鼻上象限间差异无统计学意义(F=16.58、15.32、9.76、10.86,P＜O.05).②SOAG组6个月随访红-绿色轴和蓝-黄色轴各个象限阈值均高于初次阈值,蓝-黄色轴在颞上和颞下象限差异有统计学意义(t=2.12、2.03,P＜0.05);视野检查与色觉对比敏感度检查方法一致性较好(Kappa=0.47).结论 色觉对比敏感度阈值能较好的反映病情变化,6个月随访其视野变化与色觉对比敏感度检出异常变化有较好的一致性,可作为青光眼早期筛选与监测的一项辅助手段.     

印迹细胞检查法在眼表疾病诊断中的应用

印迹细胞法是近年来在临床上应用的一种简单、微创的眼表取材技术,该技术通过特殊的方式获取眼球表面的细胞样本,进行各种病理染色,帮助诊断眼表疾病。该技术不但可以对结膜鳞状上皮化生进行分期,而且可以对眼表复层鳞状上皮新生物、干眼症、角巩膜缘干细胞缺乏、眼表病毒感染、维生素A缺乏症、眼表过敏性炎症、结膜色素痣和结膜恶性黑色素瘤等眼表疾病进行辅助诊断。本文对印迹细胞法的技术特点及其在眼科中的应用进行综述。     

色觉检查在常见眼底病诊疗中的应用

色觉是视觉功能一个基本而重要的组成部分,人类的色觉由视锥细胞的光敏色素决定。在很多眼底病病例中,患者色觉出现异常,提示色觉检查在眼底病诊疗中有一定意义。目前,色觉检查在目前眼底病诊疗中的价值尚未引起重视,临床应用较少。本文就色觉检查的常用方法,其在各类眼底病中的应用及研究进展进行综述,希望在临床工作中引起重视。     

通过民航招飞体检的外隐斜人员外显斜视的相关研究

目的:了解眼科招飞体检中斜视淘汰情况,探索短期内斜视性质变化的影响因素。方法:统计2008/2012年南航4231名招飞上站合格学生外隐斜和外显斜与水平正位学生视力和屈光度分布,并加以分析。结果:外隐斜值大、双眼视力差异大、屈光参差大、视疲劳容易导致外隐斜或外显斜。结论:招飞体检中对于双眼视力差异>0.4,屈光参差>2.00D合并视疲劳症状的外隐斜学生应当检查三级视功能,从严把关。     

手持电脑验光仪在招飞体检中的应用

目的：比较手持电脑验光仪与带状光检影仪在招飞屈光检查中屈光值测量的差异,探讨手持电脑验光仪在招飞体检中应用的可行性。
　　方法：对进入屈光检查的招飞学生317名634眼散瞳后,分别用手持电脑验光仪和带状光检影仪进行验光检查。对主要指标(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)的屈光值进行差异性检验和相关性分析,并对淘汰率进行比较分析。
　　结果：手持电脑验光仪球镜和柱镜屈光度值较视网膜检影结果偏负,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但具有统计学相关性(r=0.733,0.694),两者轴位的检验结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手持验光仪淘汰率较检影高,存在有误淘现象。
　　结论：手持电脑验光仪与检影测量结果有较好的一致性,在招飞屈光检查中有应用的价值。     

主视眼对民航招飞隐斜检查结果的影响

目的:探索便携式隐斜计放置眼别(主视眼或非主视眼)对民航招飞隐斜检查结果的影响。方法:南航2012年度广东地区招飞上站眼科第一轮通过650例学生,卡孔法判断被检者主视眼眼别,将便携式隐斜计分别放置在主视眼(主视眼组)与非主视眼(非主视眼组)前测量隐斜值,用Von Graefe法测量值作为对照,外隐斜为负值、内隐斜为正值,垂直隐斜取绝对值。分别对主视眼组与非主视眼组、主视眼与Von Graefe法组、非主视眼组与Von Graefe法组隐斜值进行统计学分析。结果:Von Graefe法组外隐斜平均为-2.21±0.35△,内隐斜平均为+3.87±1.20△,上隐斜为+0.44±0.12△;主视眼组外隐斜平均为-2.68±0.55△,内隐斜平均为+6.22±2.55△,上隐斜为+0.46±0.15△;非主视眼组外隐斜平均为-2.16±0.40△,内隐斜平均为+3.22±1.65△,上隐斜为+0.45±0.14△。水平隐斜(外隐斜和内隐斜):主视眼组与非主视眼组有统计学差异(P<0.05),主视眼组与Von Graefe法组有统计学差异(P<0.05),非主视眼组与Von Graefe法组无统计学差异(P>0.05);垂直隐斜:Von Graefe法组与主视眼组、非主视眼组无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:民航招飞隐斜检查时便携式隐斜计放置在被检者非主视眼前结果更为可靠。     

Pre-age related maculopathy and the desaturated D-15 colour vision test

The Desaturated D-15 colour vision test was used to investigate the colour discrimination of aged normal subjects, subjects with age-related maculopathy RM), and subjects designated as pre-age related maculopathy (pre-ARM). subjects classified as pre-ARM had normal visual acuity but showed ophthalmoscopically visible pigmentary disturbance at the macula. There were significant losses of colour vision in the pre-ARM subjects and the ARM subjects compared to the aged normals on the Desaturated D-15 colour vision test. This decrement in colour discrimination was predominantly a blue-yellow (tritan) hue confusion. The results indicate that functional changes are occurring in subjects with pigmentary disturbance at the macula before ARM can be diagnosed by conventional clinical criteria.     

Effects of ethyl alcohol on the electrooculogram and color vision

Color vision tests and electrooculography (EOG) were performed in 6 male and 2 female healthy young trichromatic volunteers between 60 and 130 min after finishing consumption of ethyl alcohol leading to blood levels of approximately 0.07% to 0.16%. The average number of errors in the desaturated Panel D-15 arrangement test rose from 0.86 to 2.0; the average error score in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test rose from 26 to 79. The axis of errors in both tests was clearly tritanopic and tetartanopic, pointing to a specific effect of ethyl alcohol on the function of blue-sensitive cones and/or their interaction with longer wavelength-sensitive cones.Ethyl alcohol decreased the size of the light-peak, apparently in a dose-dependent fashion, in each of the 16 eyes by values between 3% and 79%. The effect of alcohol on the EOG light peak was stronger between 30 and 95 min (23% decrease in average) than between 95 and 130 min (14% decrease) after the finish of alcohol administration.     

非接触眼压计在健康检查中对高眼压的筛查

目的:应用美国产Reichert-AT555非接触眼压计在健康普查中,发现高眼压或眼压异常者,对其进行眼科临床跟踪检查及治疗。方法:检查发现所有单眼眼压>21mmHg或双眼眼压差>8mmHg被检者,嘱其近期进行复诊,在3d内的同一时间连续测量3次,并进行相关的眼科检查。结果:已完成测量3110例;其中高眼压或眼压异常者359眼;复诊有30例被确诊为青光眼患者,进行了相应的治疗。结论:非接触眼压计具有操作简便、测量迅速、自动打印检测结果、不直接接触眼球,被检者无任何痛苦等优点逐渐被越来越多的人认可和接受,适合大规模的健康检查。     

北京科技大学40～岁职工眼病体检分析

目的:了解北京科技大学40～岁职工的眼健康状况。方法:回顾2007年职工体检报告,从本校2890例参加体检的教职工中,选出40～岁者2101例,分为40～<50,50～<60,60～<70,≥70岁4个年龄组,找出影响视力的主要眼病,分析年龄段分布情况。结果:患病率较高的5种眼病由高到低依次为:眼底动脉硬化(4.6%)、玻璃体混浊(1.8%)、老年性白内障(1.6%)、C/D(杯/盘比值)异常(0.7%)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(0.4%)。除视盘(C/D)异常外其余随年龄增长阳性检出率明显增加。结论:老年性白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性是影响视力的主要眼病。     

Standardized evaluation of the red, green and blue color sense: comparison of arrangement tests and a new computer-aided test

Background: Computerized colortests offer the possibility of determining quantitative color contrast thresholds under standardized conditions. Arrangement tests allow semi-quantitative evaluation of the red, green and blue color sense. To validate the results of a new computerized test, its results are compared to those of arrangement tests. Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP, mean age 38.51, ± 15.14) as well as 30 normal observers (mean age 36.52, ± 14.33) were evaluated. The computerized color test COLDEF was used, which is a calibrated screen that presents color optotypes on a colored background. All colors are chosen from three-color confusion axes of the CIE-Lu'v’ color chart (protan, deutan and tritan axis). By a staircase procedure, the colors of the optotype and background were varied until the observers minimal color contrast threshold is detected. To compare the results of COLDEF with a routine diagnostic tool, the Farnsworth panel D-15 and Lanthony désaturé test were chosen. The results of the arrangement tests were scored by a categorization scheme. Results: Normal observers showed no elevated thresholds either in COLDEF nor in the panel tests. In the RP group increased thresholds along the blue confusion axis could be detected in most cases. Furthermore, COLDEF showed increased thresholds along the red and green axes in some patients. With the computerized test it is always possible to identify the color axis concerned. The new test allows a fast and quantitative assessment of acquired color vision deficiencies.      

Color vision impairment in type 2 diabetes assessed by the D‐15d test and the Cambridge Colour Test

Color vision impairment emerges at early stages of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and may precede diabetic retinopathy or the appearance of vascular alterations in the retina. The aim of the present study was to compare the evaluation of the color vision with two different tests – the Lanthony desaturated D‐15d test (a traditional color arrangement test), and the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) (a computerized color discrimination test) – in patients diagnosed with DM2 without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and in sex‐ and age‐matched control groups. Both color tests revealed statistically significant differences between the controls and the worst eyes of the DM2 patients. In addition, the degree of color vision impairment diagnosed by both tests correlated with the disease duration. The D‐15d outcomes indicated solely tritan losses. In comparison, CCT outcomes revealed diffuse losses in color discrimination: 13.3% for best eyes and 29% for worst eyes. In addition, elevation of tritan thresholds in the DM2 patients, as detected by the Trivector subtest of the CCT, was found to correlate with the level of glycated hemoglobin. Outcomes of both tests confirm that subclinical losses of color vision are present in DM2 patients at an early stage of the disease, prior to signs of retinopathy. Considering the advantages of the CCT test compared to the D‐15d test, further studies should attempt to verify and/or improve the efficiency of the CCT test.