玻璃体视网膜手术治疗外伤性视网膜脱离合并增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的临床观察

目的：探讨玻璃体视网膜手术（ VRS）治疗合并增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（ PVR）的外伤性视网膜脱离（RD）患者的临床疗效。方法对2007年6月至2013年3月50例（51只眼）合并PVR的外伤性RD患者行VRS治疗,术后随访5～26个月,平均10．8个月。结果视网膜完全解剖复位47只眼,部分复位3只眼,未复位1只眼,总有效率98．4％。视力提高者41只眼（80．39％）;视力不变者7只眼（13．73％）,视力下降者4只眼（7.84％）。51只眼均行硅油填充术,继发性青光眼14只眼（27．45％）;8只眼因术后硅油进入前房行前房冲洗术（15．69％）;5只眼视网膜复位后Ⅱ期硅油取出术后低眼压或多次复发RD,长期硅油高粘度填充（9．80％）。结论通过VRS手术能有效解除外伤性PVR引起的视网膜牵拉,复位视网膜,提高视力。     

UBM对前段玻璃体视网膜疾病的诊断和应用

目的：探讨超声生物显微镜在眼前段玻璃体视网膜疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法：对50例(50只眼)患有不同眼前段玻璃体视网膜疾病的患者，同时进行UBM和B型超声波检查，并结合临床检查和手术中所见，综合评价UBM在前段玻璃体视网膜疾病诊断中的应用价值。结果：42只有前段玻璃体视网膜病变的眼，UBM检查到有视网膜脱离的34只限(包括硅油填充眼5只限)，视网膜环行收缩21只限，视网膜前移位13只限；玻璃体混浊38只限，硅油乳化3只限，睫状体和脉络膜脱离6只限，睫状体囊肿2只限。UBM诊断APVR的符合率为89％(34/38)。UBM能良好的显示从角膜到赤道部的眼前段组织结构。结论：UBM可用于前段玻璃体视网膜疾病的诊断，弥补了B型超声波等其它检查方法的不足，对临床有指导作用。     

晶体玻璃体视网膜手术联合硅油填充治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨晶体玻璃体视网膜手术（Lenticular-retinovetinal surgery,LVR)联合硅油填充治疗复杂性外伤性视网膜脱离的效果。方法：对38例（38眼）应用晶体玻璃体视网膜手术联合硅油填充治疗的外伤性视网膜脱离进行回顾性分析。结果：解剖必忝功者35眼（92 11%),功能成功者32眼(84.21%).结论:LVR联合硅油填充是治疗复杂性外伤性视网膜脱离的主要方法.显著影响手术预后的因素是前部PVR和术中术后眼内出血及角膜外伤性病变.     

重硅油填充治疗下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的评价用重硅油填充治疗下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离伴严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）的手术效果及并发症。方法对下方视网膜裂孔和严重PVR的复杂性视网膜脱离12例（12只眼）行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油填充术。术后对视力、角膜、眼底及眼压等情况进行随访。结果术后随访2.5～27个月,平均7.7个月,83.3%的病例视网膜裂孔封闭、视网膜完全复位;术后视力6只眼（50%）提高,4只眼（33.3%）不变;2只眼（16.7%）下降;4只眼（33.3%）术后眼压异常,其中2只眼（16.7%）为一过性低眼压,2只眼（16.7%）为一过性高眼压;2只眼（16.7%）并发性白内障;2只眼（16.7%）重硅油乳化;1只眼（8.3%）重硅油进入前房;1只眼（8.3%）严重的前房炎症反应。结论对下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离伴严重PVR,行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油填充术,可获得满意的视网膜复位率,而且并发症的发生率低。     

孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络脱离的玻璃体视网膜手术

目的：评价孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的玻璃体视网膜手术（vitreoretinal surgery,VR手术）效果及失败原因。 方法：回顾性地分析61例（61眼）VR手术，全部眼有脉络膜脱离和增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（prolirerative vitreoretinopathy PVR）。采用玻璃体切割及视网膜前膜剥除，气液交换、眼内惰性气体或硅油填充。 结果：近期（出院时）有效40眼（65.57%），用惰性气体的35眼中有效26眼（74.3%）.14例患者追踪3个月以上，平均追踪9.5个月， 有效10眼。影响手术的主要因素为脉络膜脱离范围、手术次数、气体填充及皮质激素使用时间，手术失败的主要原因可能与严重的PVR、前部PVR及巨大裂孔有关。 结论：采用VR手术可提高孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的手术成功率。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：16-19)     

玻璃体切除联合重硅油填充治疗下方PVR视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体切除联合重硅油眼内填充治疗下方严重PVR视网膜脱离的效果。方法对26例（26眼）诊断为合并下方PVR视网膜脱离者行玻璃体切除联合眼内重硅油填充,并同时随机抽取26眼患相似类型的视网膜脱离者,在玻璃体切除术后给予眼内硅油填充作为对照治疗。术后随访7～12月,观察其视网膜复位、视力、眼压及硅油乳化等情况。结果重硅油组视网膜一次性完全复位者24眼,占92．30％,硅油组一次性视网膜完全复位者18眼,占69．23％,（P〈0．05）。视网膜完全复位者绝大部分视力有不同程度提高。所有患者均未见明显炎症反应。结论玻璃体切除联合重硅油眼内填充是治疗下方PVR视网膜脱离的有效方法,可以降低术后视网膜脱离的复发率。     

玻璃体切除和硅油填充手术后视网膜再脱离及其治疗

目的：探讨玻璃体切除和硅油填充手术手视网膜再脱离的治疗。 方法：回顾总结增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreorinapthy PVR）5例5只眼和外伤性PVR3例3只眼的视网膜脱离手术后再脱离的治疗效果。治疗方法为经睫状体平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除、膜剥离、视网膜切开、内排溶剂化物、硅油填充，2只眼加视网膜下膜剥离取出。 结果：术后视网膜解剖复位6只眼，2只眼下方仍有浅脱离，术后视力提高6只眼，不变2只眼。 结论：视网膜再脱离的原因与增殖性视网膜前膜和下膜形成有关，治疗原则为玻璃体切除、解除增殖膜的牵引和充分地液/油交换. （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：13-15）     

中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的临床特征及玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2000-01/2005-06收治的11例(共11眼)中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离病例术前及术后详细的临床资料。所有患者均接受巩膜外环扎,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术治疗,术中9眼行硅油充填,2眼填充长效惰性气体。术后随访12～66mo。结果:术后11眼均获视网膜良好复位及视力增进。随访期中有7眼于6～12mo取出硅油,硅油取出后2眼因周边部PVR或葡萄膜炎复发导致视网膜脱离复发,未取硅油的4眼(包括2只再手术眼)视网膜平伏。结论:中间型葡萄膜炎并发的复杂性视网膜脱离,尤其存在周边部纤维及血管膜的牵引时,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术效果确切,周边部PVR和葡萄膜炎复发是术后限制视网膜复位的主要原因。     

硅油下玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复发性视网膜脱离

目的研究硅油下玻璃体视网膜手术治疗硅油填充眼复发性视网膜脱离的方法和效果。方法对32例（32眼）硅油填充眼复发性视网膜脱离的原因、手术方式、解剖复位和视功能恢复结果进行分析。结果视网膜脱离复发的原因由PVR引起者21眼，周边未封闭裂孔所致3眼，巨大裂孔后瓣滑脱5眼，黄斑裂孔未贴伏3眼，手术后均获得解剖复位，视力达0．05以上者共15眼，随访0．5a 5眼复发。结论保留硅油的玻璃体视网膜手术操作简单、安全，取得较好的解剖复位和视功能恢复。【眼科新进展2006；2613）：198—199】     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离硅油填充和激光治疗随访

目的：探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗的解剖复位及功能恢复,方法：高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者23例25只眼,行玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗随访。硅油取出时间平均7个月。术后均作1年以上随访（平均18个月）。结果：硅油取出后视网膜复位23只眼（92％）,术后视力在0．1以上16只眼（66％）。结论：玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网脱离,有利于脱离的视网膜解剖复位及功能恢复。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in silicone oil-filled eyes

PURPOSE: To establish reproducible ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging patterns characteristic of the presence and behavior of silicone oil and of peripheral vitreoretinal proliferation in eyes that have undergone vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil injection. METHODS: The study design was a case series. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed on 34 eyes of 34 patients (age range, 20-68 years). For an image to be considered a UBM pattern, it was required to be consistently reproducible in the same eye and to be observed in more than one eye. RESULTS: Four patterns are described: silicone oil particles, ghost images, "painting" or surface impregnation of iris and anterior chamber angle, and peripheral proliferative vitreoretinopathy. One type of ghost image, the secondary reflection of the cornea, paired with disappearance of the aqueous-silicone oil interface corresponded to massive silicone oil displacement into the anterior chamber. Gross proliferation produced funnel and tentlike images, whereas minute, networklike images seemed to represent early changes. There was a close correspondence between these UBM patterns and previous ophthalmologic clinical findings. CONCLUSION: Easily recognizable, distinct UBM patterns are characteristic of conditions found in silicone oil-filled eyes. Ultrasound biomicroscopy seems to be a useful tool for assessing changes in silicone oil-filled eyes.     

超声生物显微镜在硅油填充眼中的应用

目的 探索眼玻璃体腔内长期硅油填充眼(>3月)的超声生物显微镜影像特征并探讨它在硅油填充眼中的临床应用。方法 对23例患者的23只硅油填充眼(平均10.5月,从3-18月)进行超声生物显微镜检查并进行图像分析。结果 观察到的超声生物显微镜影像有:高反射颗粒(硅油乳化颗粒),角膜鬼影,硅油在眼内的不完全填充,硅油颗粒在眼前部软组织镶嵌的高反射影像以及硅油周边组织的增生。结论 眼内硅油有着非常清晰的超声生物显微镜影像。它对充分了解硅油在眼内的分布状态及硅油填充术后眼前节的各种增殖性变化及硅油与这些增殖的关系起着重要的作用,它对合理计划硅油取出手术及取出时所需要的附加手术方式的选择起着一定的作用     

硅油填充术后青光眼及房角变化

目的评估硅油填充术后青光眼及房角变化。方法对33例34只眼行硅油填充术的患者的眼压和房角进行前瞻性研究。结果硅油注入术后9只眼发生了青光眼,占26%,直接由硅油引起的 有7只眼,占78%(7/9);1～4.5个月上方房角变化：11只眼不同程度虹膜周边前粘连,22只 眼有硅油乳化小滴;下方虹膜周边切除孔闭锁的7只眼中有6只眼发生了青光眼(P<0.05)。 结论硅油填充术后青光眼发生率高,虹膜周边切除孔闭锁,硅油乳化是引起硅油术后青光眼的主要原因。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:105-107)     

Preservation of anterior capsule during vitrectomy and lensectomy for retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE: To report a series of 15 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or at high risk for advanced PVR, which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and lensectomy (PPL) with preservation of the anterior capsule. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinal detachment and varying degrees of PVR in one eye. METHODS: All eyes had undergone PPV and PPL with preservation and polishing of the anterior capsule and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Of the 15 eyes, grade C PVR was present preoperatively in 11 and was anterior in 5. Seven of 15 eyes had gas and 8 of 15 had silicone oil tamponade. Eight of 15 eyes had subsequent posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) placement; 5 eyes had simultaneous silicone oil removal. One eye had a PCIOL placed at the time of the PPL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, retinal reattachment, complications of gas or silicone oil tamponade, and anterior capsular clarity. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes had complete retinal reattachment at the final visit (1 of 15 had macular redetachment only). Final visual acuity was better or equal to preoperative acuity in all eyes, improving by 4 +/- 4 lines overall. No eyes had corneal decompensation, pupillary block, or other vision-threatening anterior segment complication. The anterior capsule remained centrally clear in the 13 eyes that did not have a primary central capsulotomy. One eye with minimal preoperative PVR developed hypotony. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreoretinal surgeons can preserve the anterior capsule in eyes with retinal detachment and PVR to help prevent intraoperative and postoperative complications of gas or silicone oil, simplify future PCIOL placement, and maintain a normal iris appearance.     

Experience with the artificial iris diaphragm in hypotonic eyes

BACKGROUND: As a result of a partial or complete loss of the natural iris diaphragm,longstanding silicone oil tamponade frequently causes keratopathy.An artificial iris diaphragm can avoid such a complication. In hypotony, with insufficient circulation of aqueous humor, the "closed" artificial iris diaphragm is used. METHODS: In this retrospective study 41 patients (41 eyes) were reviewed. Each patient had a single aphakic eye, in which a closed iris diaphragm was implanted after silicone oil surgery.The underlying diagnosis included in these 41 cases included trauma (22 eyes, 54%), retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (12 eyes, 29%), severe uveitis (4 eyes, 10%), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (3 eyes, 7%).The mean follow-up time was 12 month. RESULTS: In 25 eyes (61%) silicone oil was retained behind the diaphragm.In 14 eyes (34%), silicone oil prolapsed in the anterior chamber. In 2 eyes (5%) the silicone oil could not been assessed due to a corneal opacity.A deteriorated corneal situation after implantation of the diaphragm was observed in 11 eyes (27%). As a longstanding complication permanent hypotony (< or = 5 mmHg) developed in 29 eyes (71%), fibrous reaction in 13 eyes (32%) within fibrotic membranes (9 eyes, 22%).The visual acuity remained stable in 39 eyes (95%), improved in none, and deteriorated in 2 eyes (5%). CONCLUSION: Despite all complications, the artificial iris diaphragm represents an important progress in the salvage of severely traumatized eyes though persistent hypotony remains in 29 eyes (71%).Contact of silicone oil with the endothelium was avoided in 25 eyes (61%).There was no phthisis bulbi or enucleation.Improvement of anterior-posterior separation is necessary.     

Basal iridectomy at 6 o''clock in the aphakic eye treated with silicone oil: prevention of keratopathy and secondary glaucoma.

In the aphakic eye, with intact iris diaphragm, silicone oil has frequently caused a pupillary block. In this situation aqueous humour accumulates behind the iris and forces silicone oil through the pupil into the anterior chamber. An iridectomy at the 6 o'clock position can effectively prevent this pupillary block. The iridectomy allows free passage of aqueous to the anterior chamber which remains free of silicone oil. No permanent contact with silicone oil and the cornea is established, and development of keratopathy is prevented. The effect of this iridectomy in 62 eyes with intact iris diaphragm in patients in Rotterdam (35 cases) and Nagoya (27 cases) is demonstrated. Only in 6.5% of the cases was silicone oil present in the anterior chamber at the end of the follow-up period of 7 months.     

玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的UBM临床观察

目的 通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）对玻璃体切割手术前后患眼进行检测比较,探讨玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的发病机制。方法 应用UBM观察玻璃体切割手术前后患者眼前节结构的变化,分别比较有晶状体组、人工晶状体组术前术后各测量参数的变化。结果 高眼压组术后瞳孔阻滞,睫状体全周脱离、水肿、前旋。参数测量：有晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.000,P=0.049）,房角开放距离500高眼压组与正常眼压组相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.069,P=0.050）。人工晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比有统计学意义（t=2.066,P=0.050）,高眼压组与正常眼压组睫状体厚度比较差异有统计学意义（t=1.926,P=0.037）。结论 术后睫状体水肿前旋致前房变浅、房角变窄,导致眼压升高,参数测量提示有晶状体高眼压组术后较术前有前房变浅、房角开放程度减小的趋势。     

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

玻璃体切除治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变保留晶状体前囊膜的临床观察

目的 探讨保留晶状体前囊膜技术在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)手术治疗中的临床效果.方法 系列病例研究.对伴有晶状体混浊和累及眼底后极部的牵拉性视网膜脱离或牵拉-孔源性视网膜脱离的51例(58只眼)PDR患者,在行玻璃体切除手术中,采用经睫状体平坦部切除或超声粉碎吸出晶状体核及皮质并保留前囊膜的技术,处理混浊的晶状体,完成玻璃体手术后给予硅油充填.术后对晶状体前囊膜照相,并对其透明度进行分级评价,对与手术相关的并发症及其处理方法、患者视力和眼压、视网膜复位情况进行分析.结果 玻璃体切除硅油充填并保留晶状体前囊膜的58只眼中,晶状体前囊膜透明度:A级26只眼(44.8%),B级20只眼(34.5%),C级7只眼(12.1%);D级5只眼(8.6%).46只眼(79.3%)术后最佳矫正视力≥0.05,21只眼接受二期人工晶状体植入术.最终7只眼因视网膜不能复位,黄斑裂孔未闭合,而未行硅油取出术.手术并发症:误切虹膜1只眼,硅油进入前房7只眼,虹膜新生血管形成及新生血管性青光眼各1只眼,术后高眼压4只眼,继发性黄斑和视网膜前膜11只眼,黄斑裂孔2只眼.结论 保留晶状体前囊膜,酌情行二期人工晶状体植入术,是处理严重PVR眼的一种较好方法.晶状体上皮细胞残留和积血的长期存在是晶状体前囊膜混浊的主要原因,硅油进入前房是玻璃体切除术中应用保留晶状体前囊膜技术的主要并发症之一.