广西巴马地区大米和玉米中微量元素的检测

目的 检测广西巴马地区老人主食大米和玉米中微量元素含量,并探讨其与长寿的可能关系.方法 随机选取当地老人正在食用的主食大米样品23份和玉米样品25份,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定大米和玉米中Al、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、K、Mn、Na、P、Pb、Zn的含量.结果 与非长寿区域相比,巴马长寿区域种植的玉米及大米中有害有毒重金属物质Al、Cd、Pb的含量均较低,而Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、K、Mn、P、Zn等8种微量元素含量丰富,玉米中Al、Pb、Mn、P两组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大米中所有元素,两组之间比较差异不显著.结论 巴马长寿区域与非长寿区域老人的主食中大米和玉米的微量元素的组成不同,其与巴马长寿的关系值得进一步研究.     

长春地区健康成人心肌19种元素的正常值范围

由吉林省长春地区采集40例健康成人心肌样品,用荧光分光光度法测定硒,用催化极谱法测定钼,用高频感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定铝、硼、钡、钙、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、磷、锶、钛和锌的含量。取90%可信限,通过计算确定了健康成人心肌19种元素的正常值范围。     

克山病患者与健康人心肌元素含量均值向量比较和对应分析

对18例克山病患者及43例健康人心肌 Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Ti、Zn 和 Se 含量的两个均值向量进行了比较,结果表明其差异非常显著(P<0.01)。对应分析取最大的两个特征根(其和超过全部特征根之和的85%)绘成二维图,可见:克山病组与健康组分界明确;Se、Zn、Cu、P、Mg 和 K 与健康组关系密切;Ca、Co 和 Na 与克山病组关系密切;Ba、Fe、Mn、Ti、Cd 和 Cr 似乎与两组关系都不密切。     

贵州省水城县地方性氟中毒病区骨软化畸形儿童铝氟及其他微量元素水平检测分析

目的 对贵州省水城县勺米乡与纸厂乡结合部地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)村聚集性骨软化畸形儿童进行氟(F)、铝(Al)等多种元素测定,结合临床表现进行病因学诊断.方法 2008年11月,对水城县纸厂乡与勺米乡结合部地氟病村寨骨软化畸形少年儿童聚集病例(病例组),在严格质量控制基础上,采集14个病例和同县非地氟病区13个同龄对照(对照组)的任意1次尿和枕部贴皮头发,进行氟(F)、铝(Al)、镉(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)10种元素检测,数据用PEMS 3.1医学软件统计包进行处理.结果 病例组尿中F、Al、Mn、Cu、Sr、Se水平(1.18 mg/L,112.6 μg/L,6.62、29.86 mg/L,177.5、4.23ng/L)与对照组(0.48、47.1、2.04、16.61 mg/L,55.17、15.52 ng/L)比较,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.592、2.486、4.850、2.210、2.078、2.912,P均＜0.05).病例组头发中Al、Mn、As、Sr、Ba、Fe、Se水平(59.27、5.26、0.956、1.497、1.287、297.13、0.454 mg/kg)与对照组(18.69、0.72、1.094、0.621、0.675、69.022、1.323 mg/kg)比较,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.583、6.318、3.309、2.704、5.606、6.294,P均＜0.05).病例组尿中F与Al、Zn、As、Se的相关系数(r)均＞0.662(P均＜0.05),Al与Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Ba、Se的r均＞0.674(P均＜0.05),Se与Mn、Ba、Cu、Zn、Sr、As的r均＞0.694(P均＜0.05),Mn、Sr、As、Ba彼此之间r均＞0.550(P均＜0.05).病例组头发中Al与Mn、Cr、Fe、Cu、As、Se的r均＞0.732(P均＜0.05),Ba与Mn、Cr、Fe、Sr,Mn与Cr、Fe,Cr与As,Cu与Sr的r均＞0.686(P均＜0.05);对照组尿Cu与Zn、Se、Ba,Zn与Se、Ba,Cr与Mn、Ba的r均＞0.516(P均＜0.05);对照组头发中Al与Mn、Fe、Cu、As、Se,Se与Fe、Cu、As,Fe与Mn、Cu、As,Cu与Zn、As,Zn与As的r均＞0.739(P均＜0.05).病例组尿F与Se的r(0.762)与对照组(-0.469)比较,差异有统计学意义(u=2.079,P＜0.05).结论 水城县纸厂乡与勺米乡结合部地氟病病村寨骨软化畸形儿童的氟、铝负荷过高,尿和头发多种元素水平及其相关性分析与地方性铝氟中毒Al、F水平引起多种元素水平变化及其相关性呈网络样加强的现象一致,结合病人生活环境,有与铝氟中毒相同的骨X线表现,可诊断为地方性铝氟中毒.病人尿和头发Se水平降低及与F、Al等相关性有显著差异的生物学意义有待进一步探讨.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the levels of trace elements such as fluorine(F), and aluminium (Al)etc. of osteomalacia malformation children and to make etiological diagnosis in reference with clinical manifestations.Methods Urine and occipitalia hairs of 14 diseased children(patient group) from endemic fluorosis area and 13 healthy children(control group) from non-endemic area were included in the study on November, 2008, and contents of 10 elements of fluorine(F), aluminum(Al), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), ferrum(Fe), cuprum(Cu), zinc(Zn), arsenic (As), selenium(Se), strontium(Sr), and barium(Ba) were tested. The data were analyzed with medical soft package PEMS 3.1. Results Urinary contents of F, Al, Mn, Cu, Sr, and Se(1.18 mg/L, 112.6 μg/L,6.62,29.86 mg/L, 177.5,4.23 ng/L) in patient group were significantly different from those in control group (0.48,47.1,2.04,16.61 mg/L, 55.17,15.52 ng/L, t = 4.592,2.486,4.850,2.210 2.078,2.912, all P＜ 0.05); Hair contents of Al, Mn, As, Sr, Ba, Fe, and Se in patient group(59.27,5.26,0.96,1.50,1.29,297.13,0.45 mg/kg)were significantly different from those of control group( 18.69,0.72,1.09,0.62,0.68,69.02,1.323 mg/kg, t = 4.583,6.318,3.309,2.704,5.606,6.294, all P ＜ 0.05); in patient group, the correlation coefficients of urinary Fe to Al,Zn, As, and Se were all bigger tan 0.662(all P＜ 0.05), those of urinary Se to Mn, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sr, and As were all bigger than 0.694(all P＜ 0.05), those among urinary Mn, Sr, As, and Ba were bigger than 0.550(all P＜0.05), those of hair Al to Mn, Cr, Fe, and Cu were bigger than 0.732(all P＜ 0.05), those of hair Ba to Mn,Cr, Fe, and Sr, and of hair Mn to Cr and Fe, and those between Cr and As, between Cu and Sr were all bigger than 0.686 (all P ＜ 0.05). In control group, the correlation coefficients of urinary Cu to Zn, Se, and Ba, those of Zn to Se and Ba, and those of Cr to Mn and Ba were all bigger than 0.516(all P ＜ 0.05), those of hair Al to Mn,Fe, Cu, As, and Se, and those of hair Se to Fe, Cu, and As, those of hair Fe to Mn, Cu, and As, those of hair Cu to Zn and As, and that between Zn and As were bigger than 0.739(all P ＜ 0.05). The correlation coefficient of urinary F to Se in patient group(0.762) was significantly different from that in control group( - 0.469, u = 2.079,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The burden of F and Al of osteomalacia malformation children in endemic fluorosis area of Shuicheng county is too high. The contents of multi-elements in urine and hairs and their correlation are coincident with high levels of Al and F and they cause network increase of multi-element content changes and their correlation. According to bone X-ray features combining with the living environment, the diagnosis of endemic Al-F fluorosis can be made. The biological significance of reducing urinary and hair Se levels and the correlations of F and Al need to be further studied.     

地方性甲状腺肿流行区智力低下儿童头发中14种元素分析

本文用ICP-AES法测定了地甲肿流行区63名儿童(其中智力低下患儿41名)头发中Zn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、Al、Sr、Ni、Cr、Sn、Se、I等14种常、微量元素的含量。结果表明智力低下儿童头发中Zn、Pb、Ca、Ni、Cr明显低于非病区对照组,而Fe、Mn、Al则明显高于非病区对照组。提示地甲肿流行区智力低下的发生,碘缺乏不是唯一的病因,而是多种元素作用的结果。     

嗜人按蚊血淋巴微量元素与常量元素的研究

应用ＩＣＡＰ－９０００型等离子原子发射光谱仪检测嗜人按蚊血淋巴的元素组成，检出铁、锌、铜、锰、铬、钼、钴、镍、钒、锶、硼、铝、钡、锆、铅、镉、镓、锂等１８种微量元素及钙、镁、钾、钠、磷、硫等６种常量元素。初羽化雌蚊血淋巴中６种常量元素含量均比吸血后５ｄ蚊为高，且有非常显著性差异；微量元素铁的含量也较高，有非常显著性差异，锌和铝含量则较低，有非常显著性差异和显著性差异。比较嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊血淋巴中１６种元素含量，显示初羽化雌蚊和吸血后５ｄ的蚊血淋巴中分别为１４种和１３种元素，有非常显著性差异。嗜人按蚊与白纹伊蚊比较结果，初羽化雌蚊和吸血后５ｄ蚊血淋巴均为１３种元素，有非常显著性差异。结果提示，蚊虫血淋巴元素组成与其营养代谢、生长发育有密切关系，不同蚊种以及对疟原虫敏感性不同者也表现差异。     

Contents of chemical elements in stomach during prenatal development： different age-dependent dynamical changes and their significance

AIM: To observe dynamic of different chemical elements in stomach tissue during fetal development.METHODS: TO determine contents of the 21 chemical elements in each stomach samples from fetus aging four to ten months. The content values were compared to those from adult tissue samples, and the values for each month group were also analyzed for dynamic changes.RESULTS: Three representations were found regarding the relationship between contents of the elements and ages of the fetus, including the positive correlative (K), reversely correlative (Na, Ca, P, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Sr, Li, Cd, Ba,Se) and irrelevant groups (Mg, Co, Ni, V, Pb, Ti).CONCLUSION: The chemical elements‘ contents in stomach tissues were found to change dynamically with the stomach weights. The age-dependent representations for different chemical elements during the prenatal development may be of some significance for assessing development of fetal stomach and some chemical elements. The data may be helpful for the nutritional balance of fetus and mothers during prenatal development and even the perinatal stages.     

微量元素与冠心病及其血脂的关系探讨

目的探讨微量元素与冠心病及其高血脂的关系.方法 用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了82例冠心病患者的6种微量元素变化,并与血脂做相关分析.结果示血清铁、锌、锌、铜比和铅在冠心病组较正常组明显增高,铬明显降低(P<0.01或0.001),铜和镉两组间无统计学差异.总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别与铁、锌、铅呈显著正相关,与铬呈显著负相关,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与锌呈显著负相关(P<0.05或0.01).结论 提示部分微量元素的不平衡可能影响脂质代谢,并在冠心病中有重要发病学意义.     

血清微量元素变化对肝硬化骨代谢异常的影响及病理学改变

为探讨血清微量元素变化对肝硬化骨代谢异常的影响及病理学改变。采用原子吸收分光光度计等方法分别测定 32例肝硬化患者铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn)、硒 (Se)、镉 (Cd)、铝 (Al)水平 ,并与 31例健康者对照。其中 17例患者及 12例健康者行骨组织学观察。结果表明 ,肝硬化组血清Zn、Se水平较对照组明显下降 (P <0 0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ,而血清Cd、Al水平明显升高 (P <0 0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1)。组织学发现 14例骨质疏松 (OP) ,OP发生率为 82 35 %。OP患者重度组血清Zn、Se水平较轻度组明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而血清Cd、Al水平显著升高 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。提示肝硬化患者血清Zn、Se、Cd、Al存在明显异常 ,在肝性骨病 (HBD)的形成过程中均起着不可忽视的作用。适当补充Zn、Se ,而减少Cd、Al摄入 ,对HBD的防治将产生有益作用     

Biliary secretion of trace elements and minerals in the rat. Effects of bile flow variation and diurnal rhythms

Effects of bile flow variations on bile secretion of trace elements were systematically evaluated by Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) in the unanesthetized rat: (i) longitudinally for a 9 day-period of bile drainage; (ii) continuously for a period of 24 h, to include circadian rhythm and (iii) during exogenous bile salt administration. Potassium and Ca were determined for comparative purposes. In rat bile, six trace elements could always be detected by PIXE (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, Br); occasionally some V, Cr, Sr and Pb was found. Se could not be detected in bile. Bile-plasma concentration ratios of the elements could arbitrarily be divided into three groups: Fe, Zn and Se less than 1; Ca, K, Cu, Mo and Br approx. 1 and Mn much greater than 1. After interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, bile flow and bile salt concentration dropped sharply within 4 h to 36% and 4% of their initial values, respectively. Output rates of K, Ca, Mo, Br, Zn and Fe closely followed the decrease in bile flow; bile secretion of Mn and Cu, on the other hand, was minimally affected. A circadian rhythm was observed for all detectable elements; during the night period, secretion rates of Zn, Fe, Ca and K increased maximally by 60-80% and that of Mn, Mo, Br and Cu by 30-50%. Bile salt output and bile flow increased maximally by 70% and 50%, respectively, in the same time interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

正常心脏11种元素的分布及与血液中含量的关系

30例正常心肌中11种元素含量测定结果发现,左室硒含量最高,右室、室间隔次之,左、右房最低。红细胞钾、钙、硒含量及钾/钠比值和血浆钠、镉、钢、锌、锰含量及镉/硒、钢/锌比值可作为估算心肌中相应元素含量和比值的指标。     

Concentrations of trace elements in extensively hydrolysed infant formulae and their estimated daily intakes

The 18 trace elements Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, and Zn were determined in three extensively hydrolysed formulae by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two formulae were whey hydrolysates, whereas one was based on soy-bovine collagen hydrolysate. Two skim milk powder reference materials, analyzed to ensure the analytical precision and accuracy of the applied procedure, showed good agreement with the certified values. Most of the elemental concentrations in this three formulae were comparable to each other. However, concentrations of Cs in one formula were approximately 20 times higher than in the other two formulae. Another formulae had much higher concentrations of La and Mn compared to the other two formulae. As regards Rb, all three formulae had distinctly lower concentrations than the four pre- and nine follow-up formulae investigated in a previous study. For the essential trace element Sn, much higher concentrations were found in the three extensively hydrolysed formulae ( approximately 8 microg/kg) when compared to pre- and follow-up formulae (most of them <0.44 microg/kg). The concentrations of the toxic trace elements Cd, Pb, Sb, and Tl in extensively hydrolysed formulae did not exceed the concentrations in cow-milk-based formulae. Daily intakes provided by the investigated formulae differ by a factor of 1.6 for Co, of 3.2 for Cu, of 8.7 for Mn, of 4.8 for Mo, and of 1.5 for Zn. Adequate daily intakes for Cu, Mo, and Zn are guaranteed by the use of most formulae, whereas only one hydrolysed formula fulfilled these requirements for manganese. Two hydrolysed formulae provide only approximately 50% of the recommended intakes for Mo.     

克山病心肌炎扩张型心肌病患者血清尿发中化学元素水平测定

用石墨炉原子吸收、火焰原子吸收、极谱示波法测定克山病、心肌炎、心肌病人血清、尿、发中8种元素含量。结果表明:克山病血清 Cu、Ni 升高,Cr、Se、Ca 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大;尿 Zn、Co、Ca、Mg 升高,Cr、Ni、Se 降低;发 Cu、Zn、Ni、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。心肌炎血清 Zn、Ni 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大;尿 Cu、Zn、Cr、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低;发 Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。心肌病血清 Cu、Ca 升高,Cr、Se 降低;尿 Cu、Zn、Co、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低;发 Zn、Co、Ni、Mg 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。     

中华麦饭石预防大鼠实验性肝癌时微量元素的作用

为探讨中华麦饭石预防大鼠肝癌时微量元素的作用,给 Wistar 大鼠食用二甲基奶油黄饲料诱发肝癌,同时饮用10%中华麦饭石浸液26周。实验结束时用 ICP 法检测大鼠血中10种微量元素。结果显示,实验组对肝癌有预防作用的 Ba、Mn、Se、Zn、Fe、Mo 和 Si 均显著高于对照组(p<0.01),Cu 和 Cr 显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。除 Si 外,实验组和正常对照组各微量元素差异无显著意义(p>0.05)。结果表明,中华麦饭石对肝癌的预防作用可能与微量元素的作用有关。     

Urinary excretion and blood concentrations of trace elements and electrolytes during total parenteral nutrition in crohn's disease

Urinary excretion of trace elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Sb, Cs, Rb), electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg, phosphate), and nitrogen were determined during days 1–5 and 54–79 of total parenteral nutrition (TPN, nil per os) given to six patients with Crohn's disease. Whole-blood concentrations of Cr, Fe, Zn, Cs, and Rb and serum concentrations of electrolytes were determined before the TPN and on days 54–79 of TPN. The 24-hr urinary excretion of zinc was lower on days 54–79 than on days 1–5, but the rates of excretion of the other essential trace elements during TPN displayed no significant change. The urinary excretion of Cu, Fe, and Mn was numerically lower than the intravenous administration of these elements during days 1–5 and 54–79 of TPN, whereas the urinary excretion of zinc was lower than the supply only during days 54–79. The whole-blood concentration of zinc was low but constant during TPN, whereas the initially low levels of Cr and Fe were normalized on days 54–79. The results suggest that the supply of the essential trace elements Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn was largely adequate during two to three months of TPN and that the human body may adapt to a somewhat low supply of zinc, 20–30 mol/24 hr.     

特发性甲状旁腺功能减退症患者血清几种微量元素的变化及临床意义

对31例IHP患者及28例正常人测定了血清Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Al等几种微量元素。结果表明Ca、Mg、zn明显低于对照组,P、Cu、Al明显高于对照组,Fe正常。除低钙、高磷为本病特点外,结合临床讨论了其余4种元素变化的临床意义。     

Long-term changes of plasma trace element concentrations in chronic hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of developing trace element imbalances. METHODS: The 12 trace elements Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Mg, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl and Zn were determined in the plasma (n = 52) of 6 chronic HD patients before and after HD sessions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plasma trace element concentrations were monitored for 6 months. Baseline data have been compared to the concentrations at the end of the observation period to identify a potential reduction or accumulation of trace elements in HD patients. RESULTS: Plasma Cd, Co and Pb levels were about 10 times higher than in healthy adults. Concentrations of Co and Pb increased during HD sessions, whereas plasma Co and Cd increased during the study period of 6 months. Plasma Cs, Mg, Mo and Rb continuously decreased in all patients. For plasma Cu and Zn, a statistically significant rise of their plasma concentrations during HD and during the period of 6 months could be established. Concentrations of La and Tl did not change distinctly. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that plasma trace element concentrations in HD patients are distinctly different compared to that of healthy adults. Elements such as Cs, Mg, Mo and Rb are reduced and Cd, Co and Pb are accumulated in HD patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical impact of these trace element imbalances.     

广州市儿童头发微量元素水平及其临床相关性分析

目的 探讨广州市儿童头发微量元素与宏量元素钙的基本情况及其与临床的相关性。方法 用原子吸收分光光度仪测量头发中的金属元素，并采用问卷调查的形式获得儿童的相关资料。结果 广州市儿童发Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ca等元素缺乏，男童缺乏率分别是78．69％、86．34％、37．16％、78．69％、69．95％，且Zn与Ca、Ca与Mn呈正相关，Zn与Pb呈负相关；女童缺乏率分别是84．30％、16．86％、47．08％、86．63％、86．63％，且Zn与Mn、Ca与Mn呈正相关，Zn与Pb呈负相关；Pb超标情况：男童为72．68％，女童为66．28％。结论 儿童微量元素水平与某些临床表现、生活习惯具相关性，这有助于加强对症治疗，起到防病治病的目的。     

大链壶菌感染对致倦库蚊幼虫体内元素的影响

目的　了解大链壶菌感染对致倦库蚊幼虫体内元素的影响 ,从无机化学角度探讨大链壶菌 (L agenidiumgiganteum)灭蚊的可能机制。　方法　采用原子发射光谱仪 ,测定正常蚊幼虫 (对照组 )与感染大链壶菌后不同时期蚊幼虫 (实验组 )组织与生命活动有关的 18种元素含量的变化。　结果　感染 0 h(即加入大链壶菌块后 30～ 4 8h,幼虫体表布有黑化点 ,为初始感染 ) ,实验组的 Ca、Cu含量明显低于对照组 ,Co、Cd含量明显高于对照组。感染 2 4 h,实验组和对照组间有 16种元素含量有明显差异 ,其中 Ca、Mg、Na、P、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr含量明显低于对照组 ,K、Mo、Co、Ni、Al、Cd、Pb含量明显高于对照组。感染 4 8h,除 Sr外 ,17种元素含量与对照组间均有明显差异。　结论　大链壶菌感染蚊幼虫后 ,使多种维持正常生命活动的元素呈降低趋势 ,而一些重金属等有害元素在体内储积。这可能是影响蚊幼虫正常生命活动以致死亡的重要原因。