清解防感颗粒体内外抑菌作用实验研究

目的 :研究清解防感颗粒的体内外抑菌作用。方法 :采用标准试管二倍稀释法测定清解防感颗粒的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和平板转种法测定最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并观察其在小鼠体内外对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌作用。结果 :体外抑菌试验显示:清解防感颗粒对上呼吸道常见细菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的作用较强,对铜绿假单孢菌和白色念珠菌也有一定的抑制作用。体内抑菌作用显示:清解防感颗粒8、4 g/kg剂量组有抑菌作用,可明显降低金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的死亡率并延长生存期。结论 :清解防感颗粒具有一定的体内外抑菌作用。     

香术茯苓颗粒的镇痛和抗菌作用

目的 通过观察香术茯苓颗粒的镇痛和抗菌作用,探讨其治疗腹泻的可能机制. 方法 通过小鼠热板法和扭体法,观察香术茯苓颗粒的镇痛作用. 采用血清药理学和体外抗菌试验,观察香术茯苓颗粒的抗菌作用. 结果 香术茯苓颗粒3、6 g/kg给药3 d可延长小鼠疼痛潜伏期,减少冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数,具有显著的镇痛作用;血清药理学实验显示,香术茯苓颗粒6 g/kg给药3 d血清可以增加大肠埃希菌抑菌圈直径,有明显的抑菌作用;但对伤寒杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌无作用. 体外抗菌实验显示,香术茯苓颗粒对大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度( MIC)为20. 0 mg/ml,最低杀菌浓度( MBC)为80. 0 mg/ml;对伤寒杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC均为160. 0 mg/ml,未测出MBC值. 结论 香术茯苓颗粒具有一定的镇痛和抗菌作用,可能是其治疗腹泻的部分机制.     

自拟中药复方对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用研究

【目的】研究自拟中药复方(由黄芩、连翘、薄荷组成)对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌的体内、体外抑菌作用。【方法】通过体外对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的抑菌实验及体内对MRSA感染小鼠的保护作用,观察自拟中药复方的抑菌作用。【结果】体外实验结果表明:自拟中药复方高剂量对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度是3.25 mg/mL,低剂量的最低抑菌浓度是2.23 mg/mL。体内实验结果表明:黄芩高剂量组(5.20 g.kg-1.d-1)和自拟中药复方低剂量组(5.72 g.kg-1.d-1)均可显著降低耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的死亡率(P<0.05)。【结论】自拟中药复方对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定的抑菌作用。     

黄芩苷对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用研究

目的:研究黄芩苷对耐药性性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。方法:通过体外对耐药性性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌试验及体内对耐药性性金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的保护作用,观察黄芩苷的抑菌作用。结果:体外试验表明黄芩苷、复方磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ-TMP)对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别是2 mg/m、l0.45 mg/m。l体内试验表明黄芩苷(100 mg/kg)可以降低耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的死亡率。结论:黄芩苷对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用。     

芪栀消炎颗粒的抗菌利尿作用

目的 研究芪栀消炎颗粒的抗菌作用和利尿作用。方法 体外抗菌实验采用琼脂稀释法测定芪栀消炎颗粒的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、采用肉汤稀释法测定其最小杀菌浓度(MBC)，体内抗菌实验采用细菌性全身感染动物模型法观察芪栀消炎颗粒对小鼠死亡率的影响。采用代谢笼法观察受试药的利尿作用。结果 芪栀消炎颗粒对大肠杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、普通变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等泌尿道感染临床常见菌有体外抗菌效果，芪栀消炎颗粒能明显降低大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠死亡率。芪栀消炎颗粒能增加正常大鼠6h的尿液量。结论 芪栀消炎颗粒有抗菌和利尿作用。     

头孢克洛颗粒剂体内抗菌作用研究

目的研究头孢克洛颗粒剂的体内抗菌作用。方法采用金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌感染小鼠的体内保护试验。结果头孢克洛颗粒剂对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的ED50为5．08mg／kg，对大肠杆菌感染小鼠的ED50为25．52mg／kg。结论头孢克洛颗粒剂具有良好的体内抗菌作用。     

银翘胶囊抗菌作用的实验研究

目的:研究银翘胶囊(YinqiaoCapsule,YC)的体外、体内抗菌作用。方法:体外测6种常见致病菌最低抑菌浓度(mini-muminhibitionconcentration,MIC),连续7d灌胃给予受试动物YC,考查其对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌感染小鼠的保护作用。结果:体外试验:YC对临床分离肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑菌作用;体内试验:对肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等临床分离菌株感染小白鼠有一定保护作用,以高剂量组作用显著。结论:YC在体外、体内均有一定程度抗菌作用。     

头孢克洛的体外与体内抗菌作用研究

目的研究头孢克洛的体内外抗菌作用并与对照药头孢氨苄进行比较。方法采用琼脂平皿二倍稀释法和影印法测定头孢克洛与头孢氨苄的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),并比较其杀菌与抑菌作用;同时测定头孢克洛对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌感染小白鼠的体内保护作用,并与头孢氨苄做对照观察。结果头孢克洛对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌等有明显抗菌作用,强于对照药头孢氨苄,但对绿脓杆菌抗菌作用较差;头孢克洛对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌感染小白鼠的ED50分别为(5.22±1.09)mg/kg和(12.57±2.87)mg/kg。结论头孢克洛对临床常见细菌有较强抗菌作用;对感染细菌的小白鼠有保护作用。     

罗红霉素干混悬剂体外抗菌作用及体内保护作用实验研究

[目的 ]研究罗红霉素干混悬剂体外抗菌作用及体内保护作用 .[方法 ]测定最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度及ED50 .[结果 ]罗红霉素对多数革兰氏阴性菌有较好的抑菌作用 ,对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、流感杆菌的MIC50 分别为 0 .78,0 .78,1.5 6 ,1.5 6mg/L ,MIC90 分别为 6 .2 5 ,12 .5 0 ,6 .2 5 ,12 .5 0mg/L .对金黄色葡萄菌ED50 为 116 .9mg/kg ,对照药罗力得干混悬剂ED50 为 10 9.8mg/kg ;对流感杆菌ED50 分别为 5 5 .7mg/kg和 5 1.9mg/kg .[结论 ]罗红霉素干混悬剂与同类进口药罗力得干混悬剂体外抗菌实验及体内保护实验结果无显著差异 .     

银翘胶囊抗菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究银翘胶囊（Yinqiao Capsule，YC）的体外、体内抗菌作用。方法：体外测6种常见致病菌最低抑菌浓度（mini-mum inhibition concentration，MIC），连续7d灌胃给予受试动物YC，考查其对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌感染小鼠的保护作用。结果：体外试验：YC对临床分离肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑菌作用；体内试验：对肺炎链球菌、A型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等临床分离菌株感染小白鼠有一定保护作用，以高剂量组作用显著。结论：YC在体外、体内均有一定程度抗菌作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.