大鼠正中神经和桡神经纤维起始细胞的分布与分布模式

将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)注入大鼠正中神经或桡神经干内,标记细胞出现在注射侧脊髓前角和脊神经节内。正中神经组:出现在脊髓C_4～T_2节段,在前角外侧群中的分布偏向背侧;在脊神经节分布于C_6～T_2节段。桡神经组:出现在脊髓C_4～T_1节段,在前角外侧群中的分布偏向腹侧;在脊神经节分布于C_6～T_1节段。     

猫颈部食管的交感神经支配—HRP法

用5只猫于左侧颈部食管壁内注入 HRP 溶液,通过 HRP 逆行追踪法研究颈部食管的交感神经支配,结果表明:1.长轴突型交感节前神经元直接分布到食管壁内,其标记细胞位于双侧脊髓的胸1～3节段,以胸2节段最多(占标记细胞总数的66.45％),注射侧占优势。标记细胞主要位于中间带外侧核(约占95.02%),其次为侧索、中介核、前角腹后外侧核。其细胞形态不一,以中小型细胞为主(占标记细胞总数的90.4％)。2.支配颈部食管的交感节后神经元主要位于星状神经节(约占61.99％),余者位于双侧颈前、中和2～5胸交感节内、以小细胞最多。     

直肠节前神经元的形态测量学研究

本研究以形态测量学方法,对于用辣根过氧化酶(HRP)作家兔直肠平滑肌注射后标记的骶尾髓中间带外侧核(IML)与平滑肌内侧核(NMM),以及作为对照组的同节段前角运动细胞(VH)进行测量,经t检验分析,结果表明:NMM细胞直径显著大于VH,而其体密度与面密度却显著小于后者,提示NMM确实是一组独特的神经元。其次,就IML细胞位置而论,位于灰质中间带者占58％,位于中间带背侧者占31％,位于中间带腹侧者占9％,说明家兔IML位置较以往认识更偏向背外侧。同时,IML可分为主部与索部,两部细胞数大致相等。     

大白鼠臀中肌神经的脊髓内起源——F-HRP和CT-HRP法研究

近年来,为探讨腰背痛的机制,日益重视了对臀部软组织损伤的研究。本文用HRP法研究了大白鼠臀中肌神经的脊髓内起源,旨在为臀中肌筋膜综合症的发病机理提供神经解剖学资料。在大白鼠一侧臀中肌内注射HRP后,该侧L_2～S_2髓节前角有标记细胞914个,以L_3～S_1节段最多,向吻侧及尾侧递减。标记细胞大都出现在前角外侧部,以大型细胞为主。腰骶段后根节内也见有一定的标记细胞,其节段低于运动细胞的节段。本文还就臀中肌及其筋膜解剖特点与臀中肌筋膜综合症的关系进行了讨论。     

用CT-HRP法研究家兔胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌运动神经元的中枢定位

将CT-HRP分别注入家兔的胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌内,以研究脊髓内标记神经元的节段分布。实验结果表明,胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌运动神经元位于脊髓颈段前角内,并分为两个独立的细胞柱。胸锁乳突肌运动神经元位于C_1和C_2节段的前角背内侧区,主要分布于C_1节段的尾侧半和C_2节段的吻侧半;神经元胞体平均直径为36.7μm。斜方肌运动神经元位于C_2～C_3节段的前角腹外侧区,主要分布于C_3和C_4节段;神经元胞体平均直径为29.3μm,比胸锁乳突肌神经元略小。胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌运动神经元的树突向四周伸展,广布于灰质后角的基底部、中间带和前角内,并延伸到白质的侧索内。其中最显而易见的是胸锁乳突肌神经元树突伸向中央管周灰质和白质前索,此结果为讨论胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌的不同功能作用提供了形态学基础。     

家兔直肠平滑肌的节前神经元分布

本研究以HRP法观察了家兔直肠平滑肌的节前神经元分布状况。标记细胞集中在S_4～C_(X2),扩展至L_7～C_(X3)。标记细胞有三组:①中间带外侧核,主要在后角外侧的网状结构内;②前角内侧细胞组,相当内侧平滑肌核;③前角中央组,相当O_(nuf)氏X组细胞。     

树鼩脊髓内生长抑素样免疫反应阳性神经元的观察

应用免疫过氧化物酶间接法,观察5只经蛛网膜下腔内注射秋水仙素的树鼩和10只未注射秋水仙素的树鼩脊髓C_5、T_3、T_9、L_4和S_25个节段内生长抑素样免疫反应阳性神经元的分布.结果表明,生长抑素样免疫反应在S_2最强,其次是L_4,灰质以后角最强,前角最弱.生长抑素样免疫反应阳性神经元胞体分布于脊髓后角和中间带,多数为小型(9～14μm)或中型(15～20μm)细胞.在S_2的中间带内有少数大型(20μm以上)多极细胞,其突起行向各方,有些突起上的膨体明显.阳性颗粒分布在神经元突起的根部和胞质的外周部.阳性纤维和终末主要分布于后角的边缘层和胶状质以及S_2的中间带.     

家兔直肠平滑肌节前神经元的 HRP 法光镜与电镜观察

将 HRP 注入家兔直肠平滑肌,经逆行轴浆运输标记脊髓骶尾部的节前神经元。观察标记细胞集中在 S_3～C_(x2)节段,分布在中间带外侧核,前角腹内侧细胞群及前角中央细胞群三个部位。细胞为巨大型及中型两种。标记细胞的超微结构特点为:①细胞形态类似;②粗面内质网与高尔基复合体不发达;③树突总数少,以颅尾向排列为主;④轴突以薄髓纤维最多;⑤突触总数相对较少;⑥有三种突触小泡。     

大鼠腹腔—肠系膜上神经节内交感节前神经纤维的来源,走行和 …

目的 :探讨大鼠腹腔 -肠系膜上神经节内交感节前神经纤维的来源、走行及分布。方法 :用嗜神经追踪剂菜豆白血球凝集素 (phaseolus vulgavis leucoagglutinin,PHA - L )顺行性追踪 ,行 PHA- L免疫组化反应 ABC法。结果 :分布到腹腔 -肠系膜上神经节的交感节前神经纤维 ,来自胸 8～ 10脊髓节段侧柱 ,随内脏大神经走行 ,在内脏大神经进入腹腔 -肠系膜上神经节时 ,标记纤维集中成束 ,进入节后则立即分散分布。在节内腹侧部只见少量的标记纤维 ,节的中间部有大量互相交织成网状和树枝状集中分布的标记纤维 ,节的背侧部也只见有少量的标记纤维。节的吻侧端的标记纤维多于尾侧端。结论 :来自胸 8～ 10脊髓节段侧柱中间外侧核的交感节前神经纤维随内脏大神经走行 ,进入腹腔 -肠系膜上神经节 ,在节内呈广泛型分布。     

家兔坐骨神经躯体传入和传出纤维的来源及其节段分布——HRP法研究

采用HRP逆行追踪法,用2kg左右成年家兔6只,经3%戊巴比妥钠静脉麻醉后,在左侧后肢坐骨神经距坐骨大切迹远侧3cm处横断其主干,然后,对该神经近侧断端触涂HRP(sigma Ⅵ)0.4mg,3d后将动物在过量麻醉下进行灌流,取脊髓L_6～S_3节段及两侧相应的脊神经节,光镜下进行标记细胞观察,右侧脊神经节作为对照,实验表明,脊髓L_7～S_2节左侧腹角前外侧部出现标记细胞,左侧L_7～S_2脊神经节也出现了大量的标记细胞。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.