微导管在肝癌介入治疗上的应用

目的探讨微导管在肝癌化疗性栓塞中的作用。方法将4F～5FYashiro、Kouno亲水超滑导管、5F牧羊钩导管作为导引导管插入肝总或肝固有动脉及肠系膜上动脉,3F微导管经导引导管置入肝段或肿瘤滋养动脉施行肝癌化疗性栓塞术。结果本组35例共行化疗性栓塞50例次,其中16例小肝癌行肝段栓塞,19例非小肝癌但癌灶尚局限者行左/右叶或右叶前、后叶栓塞。随访1～2年生存期分别为100％、87.5％及52.6％、42.1％。术后肝功能损害轻微,无并发症。结论在小肝癌、非小肝癌但癌灶尚局限者或伴有肝动脉异常迂曲、损伤后狭窄、发育变异的情况下,使用微导管提高栓塞精度对改善疗效和避免并发症具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

微导管在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床应用

目的 评价3.0F微导管在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌中的临床应用价值，讨论其操作技术和使用适应证。资料与方法 32例原发性肝癌患者采用3.0F SP导管进行化疗栓塞治疗。使用SP导管的原因为：肿瘤肝外侧支供血（n=9)；肿瘤供养血管细小需超选择（n=16)；腹腔干和肝动脉解剖变异（n=6)；肝动脉痉挛（n=1)。结果 32例患者共使用SP导管42次，操作成功39次，失败3次，成功率为92.9%。治疗后AFP下降＞50％者27例（84.4%)，肿瘤病灶缩小＞50%者8例（25％），略有缩小者16例（50％），其余患者肿瘤无明显变化。2例成功进行肿瘤内科性亚肝段切除。全部患者术后均无严重并发症。结论 微导管操作简单、方便，超选择成功率高，特别适用于肿瘤供血动脉严重狭窄、细小，走行迂曲和容易痉挛的患者，在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌中有较高的应用价值。     

微导管在肝包膜下海绵状血管瘤介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨微导管在肝包膜下海绵状血管瘤栓塞硬化治疗中的应用价值。方法18例肝包膜下海绵状血管瘤术前均经CT或MR I证实,将5F Yash iro导管作为导引导管,利用同轴导管技术应用微导管超选择至瘤体供血血管行栓塞治疗。结果18例肝包膜下海绵状血管瘤均成功地进行了栓塞硬化治疗。术后肝功能损害轻,无严重并发症发生。结论微导管治疗肝包膜下海绵状血管瘤,具有超选择成功率高,栓塞效果好,正常肝组织损伤小等优点。     

微导管超选择插管治疗多发肝癌34例

目的探讨微导管超选择插管在多发肝癌(2个或2个以上肿瘤病灶)介入治疗中的应用价值、方法回顾性分析收治的多发性肝癌患者68例,其中微导管超选择插管化疗栓塞治疗组34例(微导管插管组),4～5 F常规导管超选择插管化疗栓塞组34例(常规插管组),比较两组肝功能损伤情况,并比较两组6个月、1年和2年的生存率。结果微导管插管组血清丙氨酸转氨酶及总胆红素等肝功能指标明显好于常规插管组(P<0.05),生存期明显延长(P<0.01)。结论微导管超选择插管治疗多发肝癌操作简单方便,超选择成功率高,疗效好,术后并发症少,避免正常肝损害     

肝节段动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

目的：研究以无水乙醇碘油乳剂作栓塞剂，行肝节段动脉栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌。材料和方法：观察４例无水乙醇碘油乳剂选择性栓塞正常狗肝动脉前后的门脉血流动力学改变。采用同一栓塞剂，行肝节段动脉栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌患者３４例。依肿瘤的类型、血供特点分别采用３种不同的栓塞技术：同轴导管法、直接法或药物辅助法。结果：实验性肝动脉栓塞后，门脉造影表现出局部门脉分支的阻塞性改变。镜下见肝实质内栓塞剂沉积区域的门脉分支内有滴状的无水乙醇碘油乳剂。临床治疗３４例后均无严重并发症出现，随访３～１８个月，２４例非手术患者中有６例出现局部复发，目前尚存活２１例；１０例患者接受二期手术，术后病检４例肿瘤完全坏死，其余６例包括子灶、包膜浸润癌灶均可见明显坏死，均未发现弥漫性肝损害。结论：行肝节段动脉栓塞术，能使肿瘤所在部位达到动门脉双重栓塞，且并发症少，对于病灶局限的原发性肝癌是一种很好的治疗手段。     

微导管系统在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的临床应用

目的研究微导管系统在原发性肝癌化疗栓塞中的应用价值。方法应用研制的微导管系统对常规导管不能超选择的23例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术。结果23例患者使用微导管系统32次，操作成功30次，失败2次，成功率93．8％。治疗后3周复查肿瘤缩小大于50％者7例(30．4％)，肿瘤缩小小于50％但大于25％者12例(52．2％)，肿瘤无明显变化者4例(17．4％)。血清AFP下降大于50％者17例(85％)，肝功能损害轻，全部患者术后无严重并发症。结论微导管系统操作简单、方便、超选择成功率高、疗效好、副反应少，具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

肝动脉内导管留置碘油完全充填法治疗巨大肝癌

目的探讨巨大肝癌介入治疗的策略与方法及肝动脉内留置导管分次碘油栓塞的价值。方法16例巨大肝癌患者,首次治疗采用肝动脉内留置导管分次碘油栓塞治疗,共行40次介入治疗,平均每例2.5次。观察患者介入术后肝功能损害及近期疗效。结果16例患者介入术后均未出现严重肝功能损害,经护肝治疗后均能平稳恢复。3个月后肿瘤缩小达PR9例,SD7例,无PD者。结论肝动脉内留置导管分次碘油栓塞治疗巨大肝癌不会造成严重肝损伤,并使肝癌尽快得到完全栓塞,有临床实用价值。     

微导管在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的临床应用

目的研究微导管在原发性肝癌化疗栓塞中的应用价值。方法将5FYashiro、Cobra、RH亲水超滑导管作为导引导管,利用同轴导管技术应用微导管对常规导管不能超选择的42例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术。结果42例患者共使用微导管66次,操作成功64次,失败2次,成功率97%。治疗后三周复查肿瘤缩小>50%者12例(28.6%),肿瘤缩小<50%但>25%者22例(52.4%),肿瘤无明显变化8例(19.0%)。血清AFP下降>50%者28例(80.0%)。肝功能损害轻。全部患者术后无严重并发症。结论微导管操作简单、方便、超选择成功率高、疗效好、副反应少,具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

同轴微导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的 探讨经肝动脉微导管化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)术治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效.方法 回顾分析1000例HCC的DSA表现与术前多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查结果.其中179例病灶局限于1个肝段,采用微导管超选择插管栓寒.术后4周复查动态增强CT和(或)MR,对40例病灶碘油聚集不良者,进行RFA,术后1个月复查.结果 DSA发现直径3 cm以上肿块670例,3 cm以下病灶202例,子灶400例,动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘482例,异常血供430例,门脉癌栓362例.局限于1个肝段的病灶,微导管栓塞后4周,肿瘤局部控制率为77.6%;控制不良者行RFA后1个月,肿瘤局部控制率为97.5%.结论 DSA对于发现3 cm以下小病灶(含子灶)、肿瘤血供、动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘具有绝对的优势,对HCC的术前评价具有不可替代性的作用.RFA是HCC的有效的治疗方法,是TACE疗效不佳者的理想选择.     

微导管在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨微导管在原发性肝癌化疗性栓塞中的应用价值。方法:应用微导管对29例原发性肝癌患者行供血动脉超选择化疗栓塞术。结果:本组29例共行化疗性栓塞41次,术后血清AFP下降大于50%者24例(82.8%),肿瘤缩小>50%者6例(20.7%),肿瘤缩小在25%～50%者16例(55.2%),其余患者肿瘤体积无明显变化。术后肝功能损害轻微,无严重并发症。结论:微导管超选择插管治疗肝癌操作简单、方便,超选择成功率高,疗效好,术后并发症少,具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.