112例脑动脉系统微栓子监测的临床研究

目的　研究脑动脉系统微栓子 (MES)的产生机制及其相关因素。方法　将 112例 MES监测的临床资料进行总结分析。结果　本组微栓子检出率为 33.93% ,且全部见于有明显脑卒中症状者 ;脑梗死 MES检出率为35 .87%且以原发性大面积梗死为主 ;MES阳性与病程有明显相关 ,病程 <72 h易检出微栓子 ,阳性率为 4 7.72 % ;颅内血管狭窄是微栓子产生的主要原因 ;颈动脉异常与正常组微栓子出现率无明显差异 ,但发现本组病例中微栓子出现以左侧为主 ,与颈动脉病变部位一致率为 5 5 .5 5 % ;确定微栓子来源于有病变的颅外颈动脉 2例 ,来源于有病变的颅内颈动脉系 5例 ,来源于同时伴有颅内外血管病变 12例 ,表明颅内外动脉同时伴有病变时微栓子检出率增高 ;MES的阳性率与血液成分无相关性 ,但在血液成分异常组中血粘度增高以及血小板聚集降低 MES阳性率明显增高。结论　脑动脉系统中监测到微栓子说明患者有活动的栓子来源 ,易发生或复发脑梗死 ,TCD能正确的监测、判断脑循环中微栓子 ,确定其发生率、性质、来源以及与疾病的联系     

微栓子信号的发生率及其临床意义

目的探讨常规接受微栓子监测检查患者的微栓子信号发生率以及其相关临床特征。方法连续纳入自2016年7月至2018年12月接受常规30 min微栓子监测以及常规TCD检查中探及到微栓子信号的患者,收集基线信息。结果共5 886例患者进行了30 min微栓子监测检查,其中50例存在微栓子信号,阳性率0.85%。大脑中动脉微栓子信号的出现率最高,达84%。46%(23/50)微栓子来源于动脉,包括8例动脉粥样硬化性脑动脉或颈动脉狭窄、10例颅内动脉、4例烟雾病和1例ANCA相关性动脉炎; 30%(15/50)提示心脏来源的微栓子,包括1例心房颤动、4例人造瓣膜和10例卵圆孔未闭;其他原因微栓子来源占24%(12/50),包括8例从右到左分流和4例未知来源。微栓子阳性的患者脑白质病变及认知障碍发生率高,分别为72%及68%。结论微栓子信号较罕见,不同的疾病微栓子信号的临床意义及机制可能不一样。     

经颅多普勒微栓子监测对急性缺血性脑血管病的研究

目的 :利用经颅多普勒对不同类型的急性缺血性脑血管病病人进行微栓子监测 ,研究微栓子发生情况。方法 :对 10 4例大脑中动脉区缺血病变病人及 40例无症状对照组人员进行微栓子监测 ,记录不同病例组及对照组微栓子阳性病例数。结果 :在 40例无症状对照组中未监测到微栓子。在总共 10 4例缺血性脑血管病的病人中 ,32例大血管闭塞病人 6例 (18.75 % )病人监测到微栓子 ;38例腔隙性脑梗塞病人均未监测到微栓子 ;34例短暂性脑缺血发作病人 3例 (8.8% )病人发现微栓子。在无栓子来源的病人 (n=39)中未检测到微栓子 ,存在潜在栓子来源的病人 (n=6 5 )中微栓子发生率为 13.8% ;其中有血管栓子来源的病人 (n=44 )微栓子发生率为 9.1% ,有心脏栓子来源的病人 (n=17)微栓子发生率为 2 3.5 % ,同时合并血管栓子来源和心脏栓子来源的病人 (n=4)微栓子发生率为 2 5 %。结论 :我们认为大血管闭塞所致的急性缺血性脑血管病其发病机制多为心源性或动脉源性栓子起引的脑栓塞 ;而腔隙性脑梗塞病人脑栓塞的可能性较小 ,其发病机制多为小动脉硬化所致管腔闭塞     

经颅多普勒在缺血性脑卒中微栓子监测中的应用

目的应用经颅多普勒对不同类型缺血性脑卒中患者进行微栓子监测．了解缺血性卒中患者微栓子的发生率及其可能发病机制。方法应用德国DWL公司双通道双深度DopX2—0352型经颅多普勒（TCD）检测仪,对30例患者进行双大脑中动脉（MCA）微栓子监测,记录不同病例组微栓子阳性病例数。结果大血管闭塞病例10例中发现微栓子者3例（30％）,6例有潜在心源性疾病2例（33．3％）监测到微栓子,6例腔隙性脑梗死患者均未检测到微栓子,8例短暂性脑缺血患者1例（12．5％）监测到微栓子。结论提示微栓子阳性与动脉源及心源性血栓形成并脱落有关,微栓子参与缺血性脑卒中形成,但不排除小动脉本身硬化病变闭塞所致。     

TCD监测颈内动脉系统TIA的脑动脉内微栓子

目的以经颅多普勒(TCD)监测颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的动脉内微栓子,观察微栓子对再发脑卒中的影响。方法对98例颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行TCD监测,分别于入院第1 d、第2d、第3 d、第7 d、第14 d及出院后3个月、半年时作TCD系列微栓子监测,并随访。结果41例微栓子阳性,57例阴性,2组再次脑卒中的发生率相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行TCD微栓子监测发现的微栓子是早期脑卒中再发的重要危险因素,TIA发生后距TCD检测之间时间越短,微栓子发生率越高。     

急性脑梗死患者微栓子监测与颈动脉硬化的相关性分析

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者微栓子监测与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法选取我院2013-01-2013-12收治的60例急性缺血性脑血管病患者为研究组,并选取同期60例非急性缺血性脑血管病患者为对照组,对2组患者实施经颅多普勒微栓子监测。结果研究组微栓子阳性率40.0％,对照组为38.3％,2组比较差异无统计学无意义（ P＞0.05）;微栓子阳性患者颈动脉斑块发生率59.6％（28/47）,微栓子阴性患者39.7％（29/73）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。微栓子阳性患者不稳定颈动脉斑块发生率96.4％（27/28）,微栓子阴性患者为51.7％（15/29）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论微栓子监测对指导和预防颈动脉硬化的急性脑梗死患者具有较好的效果,具有一定的应用价值。     

症状性颅内外血管不同狭窄程度微栓子 阳性率研究

【摘要】
目的 研究颅内外血管不同狭窄程度和闭塞时微栓子的阳性率差异。
方法 连续选取症状性颅内外血管狭窄并除外存在同侧颅内外血管串联狭窄的患者,按责任血管分
为颈内动脉狭窄、大脑中动脉狭窄和椎-基底动脉狭窄3组,按照责任血管的狭窄程度分为轻度、中度、
重度狭窄和闭塞组。所有患者行经颅多普勒超声（transcranial Doppler sonography,TCD）检测病变侧微
栓子,比较各组间微栓子阳性率的差异。
结果 研究期间共227例入组,颈内动脉狭窄组73例、大脑中动脉狭窄组126例、椎-基底动脉狭窄
组28例,3组的微栓子阳性率分别为34.25%（25/73）、38.89%（49/126）、39.29%（11/28）,无显著差
异。中度狭窄组及重度狭窄组的微栓子阳性率高于轻度狭窄组（P <0.001）及闭塞组（P <0.001）,轻度
狭窄组与闭塞组栓子阳性率无显著差异。
结论 中、重度颅内外血管狭窄者易发生微栓子的脱落,轻度狭窄组与血管闭塞组微栓子阳性率较低。     

急性脑梗死患者脑微栓子与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者脑动脉系统微栓子(MES)与颈动脉硬化的关系.方法 收集急性脑梗死患者73例,进行脑动脉微栓子监测和颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测,观察有脑动脉系统微栓子的病例数.结果 (1)41例有颈动脉斑块,32例无颈动脉斑块;(2)有颈动脉斑块者MES阳性率(46.34%)较无斑块者MES阳性率(21.88%)高(P<0.05);(3)颈动脉不稳定斑块MES阳性率(80%)较稳定性斑块MES阳性率(26.92%)高(P<0.01);(4)MES与颈动脉的狭窄程度、内膜增厚及斑块的个数无相关性.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的存在及不稳定性是导致脑动脉系统微栓子的重要因素之一,应高度重视,稳定颈动脉斑块是防治动脉至动脉栓塞的重要措施.     

急性缺血性卒中经颅多普勒超声微栓子信号监测临床研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉微栓子信号与急性缺血性卒中的相关性,以及单联和双联抗血小板治疗效果。方法采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测129例急性缺血性卒中患者大脑中动脉微栓子信号,单因素和多因素前进法Logistic回归分析筛查微栓子信号阳性危险因素,阿司匹林单药或联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗,评价药物疗效和预后。结果 129例患者中42例(32.56%)微栓子信号阳性。Logistic回归分析显示,高脂血症是微栓子信号阳性的独立危险因素(OR=0.335,95%CI:0.147~0.764;P=0.009)。经抗血小板治疗后,双抗组患者微栓子信号消失率高于单抗组(χ~2=16.701,P=0.000);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后NIHSS评分减少(P=0.000),与单抗组相比,双抗组患者治疗后NIHSS评分亦减少(P=0.025),表明抗血小板治疗有效且双联抗血小板治疗效果优于单抗治疗。结论高脂血症是TCD监测微栓子信号阳性的独立危险因素,双联抗血小板治疗可以阻止微栓子信号形成并改善患者近期预后。     

急性脑梗死患者脑血流中微栓子与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者脑血流中微栓子与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系.方法 67例急性脑梗死患者依据颈动脉超声检测分为颈动脉无斑块组(27例)和斑块组(40例),后者再分为不稳定斑块亚组(19例)和稳定斑块亚组(21例);对所有患者应用经颅多普勒仪进行脑血流中微栓子监测;比较各组间微栓子阳性率.结果 脑血流中微栓子阳性率颈动脉斑块组(30%)显著高于无斑块组(3.7%),不稳定斑块亚组(47%)显著高于稳定斑块亚组(14.3%)(均P<0.05).结论 颈动脉粥样硬化脑梗死患者脑血流中微栓子阳性率高;不稳定斑块更易脱落形成微栓子.     

Micro embolic signals in patients with cerebral ischaemic events

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of micro embolic signals (MES) in patients with a cerebral ischaemia using transcranial doppler monitoring and to find out its diagnostic relevance. We prospectively performed bilateral multigated transcranial doppler monitoring from both middle cerebral arteries in 359 patients with an acute or recent (<4 weeks) cerebral ischaemic event, and in 182 control subjects without a cerebral ischaemic event. MES were analysed according to the standardised protocol. Patients with cerebral ischaemic events had a significantly higher (p<0.00001) rate of MES occurrence (31.8%) than control subjects (5.5%). MES were detected significantly higher in patients with partial or total anterior circulation infarcts (39.1%) than in those with lacunar infarcts (26.0%) or transient ischaemic attacks (27.3%). A correlation of MES and neuroimaging finding was also tried. TCD was found to have a predictive role in microemboli monitoring, predominantly in patients with large vessel territory infarction.     

Transcranial Doppler detection of microembolic signals in patients with Behçet’s disease

We evaluated the prevalence of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with Behçet’s disease (BD). We also attempted to determine the frequency of MES in BD patients with or without neurological involvement. This study enrolled 55 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of International Study Group for BD. Bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries was performed. MES were identified based on the criteria of International Consensus group on Microembolus Detection. Patients with BD were divided into two groups in respect of the presence of neurological involvement (n = 10) or not (n = 45), and counts of MES in the two were compared with each other and with normal subjects. We found MES in 16 patients (29%) with BD. The frequency was higher in patients with neurological involvement than in those without (80% vs. 17%, P < 0.001). In patients with neurological involvement there was a positive correlation in regression analysis between the prevalence of MES and disease duration (P = 0.025). There was a significantly higher prevalence of MES in BD patients than in control subjects. The frequency of MES was higher in patients with neurological involvement than in those without. TCD detection of MES may allow the recognition of subset of patients at high risk for the appearance of neurological involvement.     

Absence of circulating microemboli in patients with lone atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-recognized independent risk factor of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of microembolic signals (MES) in 15 patients with 'lone' AF representing the subgroup of AF patients with the lowest lifelong risk of stroke. All patients had been put on effective anticoagulation due to a scheduled electric cardioversion. Additional cardiac and arterial sources of embolism were excluded by echocardiography and extracranial color-coded duplex sonography of the carotid arteries. Unilateral one-hour transcranial Doppler monitorings revealed complete absence of MES in this series. This observation fits the concept that the amount of microembolisation is related to the risk of manifest thromboembolism. Further studies on this patient group treated with less intensive antihemostatic therapy should be undertaken to define more clearly the disease-specific microembolic activity.     

溶纤、抗凝、解聚治疗急性脑梗死微栓子监测

目的应用多通道（multi－Depx4）TCD（经颅多普勒）对急性脑梗死应用溶纤、抗凝、解聚治疗时对脑微栓子监测。方法2MHz监测探头,应用鼻架式支架,固定于两侧颞窗,探测左右MCA（大脑中动脉）监测30分钟。结果1组常规药物治疗组33例,微栓子（MES）阳性者22例．占66．7％。Ⅱ组应用降纤酶或尿激酶溶纤或肝素抗凝治疗共18例,MES阳性者4例,占22．2％。Ⅲ组服用阿斯匹灵解聚治疗32例．MES阳性者5例占15．6％。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组MES阳性共9例占18％。Ⅳ组正常健康对照组30例．MES皆阴性。结论多通道MDX4型TCD进行MES监测急性脑梗死应用溶纤、抗凝、解聚药物,MES发生率下降,占18％．而一般治疗MES发生率高．占66．7％,急性脑梗死和对照组相比,MES阳性率为36．14％。     

Microembolic signal detection in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic lone atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few data on the occurrence of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with lone atrial fibrillation (LAF). The aim of this work was to systematically study the frequency of MES in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic LAF and to compare it with that of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS: 37 consecutive acute stroke patients with LAF, 10 asymptomatic patients with LAF and 100 age-matched healthy controls were studied. Another 92 stroke patients with known NVAF were included in the study to compare patients with LAF regarding the presence of MES. Both middle cerebral arteries were monitored by transcranial Doppler ultrasound for at least 30 min at admission and after 1 week in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with LAF. All patients with LAF were followed up for a mean duration of 18 months, and recurrent strokes were registered. RESULTS: MES was detected in 11 (29%) symptomatic patients with LAF but only in 1 asymptomatic patient with LAF (chi(2) = 11.3; p = 0.0008) and in no control subjects (chi(2) = 106; p = 0.00001). There was no difference in the frequency of MES-positive patients and the number of MES between subjects with symptomatic LAF and known NVAF (29% in both groups; mean count, 16 +/- 4 vs. 17 +/- 6; p = 0.73). In patients with symptomatic LAF and NVAF who underwent anticoagulant therapy, there was no difference in the frequency of MES after 1 week of hospitalization (chi(2) = 1.53; p = 0.2). During a mean follow-up period of 18 months, 1 patient with symptomatic LAF and MES had a recurrent ischemic event 1 year after the first stroke and none of those with asymptomatic LAF had any events. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that asymptomatic and paroxysmal LAF with a lower frequency of MES is a benign disorder compared to chronic and symptomatic LAF with a higher frequency of MES. Further studies need to justify whether MES has a predictive value in patients with chronic LAF who are prone to ischemic stroke.     

Unilateral watershed cerebral infarcts

We studied 51 patients with symptomatic unilateral watershed (WS) cerebral infarct on CT. In 22 patients, the infarct was between the superficial territory of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, 20 had an infarct between the superficial territory of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, and 9 had an infarct between the superficial and deep territory of the middle cerebral arteries. Each type had a characteristic neurologic picture. Syncope at onset (37%) and focal limb shaking (12%) were frequent. Thirty-eight patients (75%) had internal carotid artery occlusion or tight stenosis associated with a hemodynamically significant cardiopathy, increased hematocrit, or acute hypotension. Embolic infarction was probable in only two patients (4%) who had only atrial fibrillation.     

Absence of circulating microemboli in patients with lone atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-recognized independent risk factor of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of microembolic signals (MES) in 15 patients with ‘lone’ AF representing the subgroup of AF patients with the lowest lifelong risk of stroke. All patients had been put on effective anticoagulation due to a scheduled electric cardioversion. Additional cardiac and arterial sources of embolism were excluded by echocardiography and extracranial color-coded duplex sonography of the carotid arteries. Unilateral one-hour transcranial Doppler monitorings revealed complete absence of MES in this series. This observation fits the concept that the amount of microembolisation is related to the risk of manifest thromboembolism. Further studies on this patient group treated with less intensive antihemostatic therapy should be undertaken to define more clearly the disease-specific microembolic activity. [Neurol Res 1999; 21: 566–568]     

脑缺血患者微栓子检测与黏附分子的相关性研究

目的研究脑缺血患者微栓子与黏附分子的相关性。方法选择108例研究对象,其中68例为发病72h内颈内动脉或大脑中动脉区域脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作患者,经TCD检测微栓子信号(microembolic sig-nals,MES)分为MES阳性组(19例)和MES阴性组(49例);对照组40例,无脑梗死或脑缺血发作病史,且无明显颅内外动脉狭窄。均用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1sICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(soluble vascularcell adhesion molecule-1,sVCAM-1)水平。结果MES阳性组sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平高于MES阴性组(P<0.05);MES阳性组、MES阴性组sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论黏附分子参与了脑缺血的损伤过程,且与动脉粥样硬化(artherosclerosis,AS)斑块的不稳定性相关。微栓子和黏附分子是...