人正常骨髓CD34^＋造血细胞体外扩增形成粒单系造血祖细胞 …

ＣＤ３４＾＋造血细胞以其独特的生物学功能正成为造血调控，造血干细胞移植和基因治疗最理想的靶细胞本文探讨人正常骨髓ＣＤ３４＾＋造血细胞在体外扩增形成单个核细胞（ＭＮＣ）及粒单系集落形成单位（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）的能力，采用ＣＩＭＳ－１００新型免疫磁性无菌分离术可获得纯度〉９０％的ＣＤ３４＾＋造血细胞，其直接形成ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的能力要较骨髓ＭＮＣ提高６５倍，并有在含ＥＧＩＩＳ组合造血生长因子的无基质液培养系统     

骨髓基质细胞对多细胞因子介导人脐血单个核细胞体外扩增的影响

背景:体外扩增脐血造血细胞的目的是促进脐血造血细胞的植入能力,细胞因子介导的脐血造血细胞能使细胞数有效扩增,但同时也耗竭了具有分化潜能的造血干细胞。目的:观察骨髓基质细胞对多细胞因子组合介导人脐血单个核细胞体外扩增及扩增后黏附分子和CXCR4表达的影响。方法:将分离的人脐血单个核细胞接种在预先建立的人骨髓基质细胞层上,分组培养:对照组仅含有脐血单个核细胞;多种细胞因子+脐血单个核细胞组;骨髓基质细胞+脐血单个核细胞组;骨髓基质细胞+多种细胞因子+脐血单个核细胞组。培养0,7d检测有核细胞数,CD34+细胞数及CD34+CXCR4+,CD34+CD62L+,CD34+CD49d+的细胞数。结果与结论:单纯骨髓基质细胞和单用细胞因子组均可有效地扩增脐血造血细胞,并提高造血细胞上CD49d,CD62L及CXCR4表达。而单用细胞因子组促进脐血造血细胞扩增能力较单纯骨髓基质细胞强,提高造血细胞CD49d,CD62L及CXCR4表达能力较单纯骨髓基质细胞差。提示骨髓基质细胞虽可支持脐血造血细胞扩增,但难以实现造血细胞的大量扩增,但在骨髓基质细胞层的支持下,多细胞因子可有效地促进脐血造血细胞的扩增,并优于单用细胞因子及骨髓基质细胞,证实骨髓基质细胞可协同多细胞因子有效地促进脐血单个核细胞的扩增,促进造血干细胞的黏附和趋化能力。     

AGM区来源的基质细胞促进造血干细胞扩增的体外实验研究

目的： 探讨主动脉-性腺-中肾（aorta-gonad-mesonephros，AGM）来源的基质细胞对造血干细胞（HSC）增殖的促进作用，为探寻HSC的体外扩增方法奠定实验基础。 方法： 分别从孕11 d BALB/c小鼠胚胎AGM区及6周龄小鼠骨髓分离、培养基质细胞，流式细胞仪等对基质细胞进行鉴定；利用小鼠胚胎干细胞（ESC）向造血细胞定向分化的模型，结合高增殖潜能集落（HPP-CFC）、原始细胞集落（BL-CFC）形成实验及流式细胞仪分析CD34+、CD34+Sca-1+细胞比例，对比研究AGM及骨髓基质细胞对ESC来源的HSC的扩增作用。 结果： 小鼠AGM和骨髓基质细胞在形态及表型上基本相似，均符合基质细胞的特征。AGM和骨髓基质细胞均可促进ESC来源的HPP-CFC的形成，但AGM基质细胞还可促进ESC来源的 BL-CFC的形成；流式细胞仪检测发现：在骨髓基质细胞支持下，CD34+细胞增加了3-4倍，但CD34+/Sca-1+却无明显增加；而在AGM基质细胞支持下CD34+、CD34+Sca-1+细胞均明显增加了4-5倍。 结论： AGM基质细胞在有效扩增小鼠HSC同时，能很好地维持HSC自我更新及多向分化的潜能。     

淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞去除对人骨髓造血细胞体外扩增效应的影响

为了探讨淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞去除对人骨髓造血细胞体外扩增效应的影响 ,采用抗CD3、抗CD5 6和抗CD14单克隆抗体介导的补体细胞毒方法 ,去除骨髓单个核细胞 (MNC )中的T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞 ,流式细胞技术 (FACS )分析细胞表面标志。将经不同单抗处理的骨髓MNC加入含有多种造血生长因子的培养基中进行体外有核细胞扩增 ,并观察多向祖细胞集落 (CFU GEMM )的形成能力。结果显示 ,经抗CD3、抗CD5 6、抗CD14单抗分别处理和用上述三种单抗共同处理的骨髓MNC中相应的靶细胞与MNC对照组相比均有明显的降低。经多种造血生长因子刺激培养 2 0d ,骨髓MNC对照组有核细胞总数扩增了 6 5倍 ,T细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞去除组分别扩增了 90倍、 77 2倍和 6 7 4倍 ,而三种细胞共同去除组仅为 2 86倍。骨髓MNC对照组CFU GEMM产率为 16 1 5 0± 12 5 4 ,T细胞去除组CFU GEMM产率为 370 0 0± 5 8 2 2 ,明显高于前者 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 0 5 )。NK细胞去除组为 2 0 5 5 0± 30 73,与MNC对照组相比也有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。巨噬细胞去除组为 16 3 2 5± 18 5 4 ,三种细胞共同去除组仅为 4 9 75± 9 98。本文结果提示 ,单纯去除骨髓MNC中的T淋巴细胞或NK细胞可明显促进人骨髓造血细胞的体外扩增效应。     

培养前后脐血CD34~＋细胞在NOD/SCID鼠体内造血重建功能的比较

目的:以NOD/SCID小鼠为模型, 经半致死剂量照射后输注新鲜或培养后的造血细胞, 以比较培养前后脐血CD34 细胞的造血重建功能.方法:从新鲜脐血中分离单个核细胞(MNC), 采用干细胞因子(SCF)、血小板生成素(TPO)、Flt3配体(FL)、白细胞介素3(IL-3)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)细胞因子组合体外培养14 d.通过MiniMACS免疫磁性吸附柱从新鲜或培养后的MNC中分离CD34 细胞, 4×105个CD34 细胞和5×106CD34-细胞混合后通过尾静脉输注入NOD/SCID小鼠中.饲养过程中动态观察外周血象恢复情况, 6周后检测小鼠骨髓和脾脏细胞中人源细胞及各系造血细胞的含量.结果:体外培养MNC 14 d后, 总细胞扩增了1.78倍;细胞移植6周后, 输注新鲜和培养后造血细胞的小鼠均存活, 在小鼠骨髓和脾脏中均可检测到人源细胞及各系人源血细胞和人特异ALU基因序列, 小鼠外周血象恢复到辐照前水平.培养后CD34 细胞在小鼠体内的植入水平与新鲜CD34 细胞的相近, 而其各系人源血细胞的含量高于新鲜CD34 细胞. 结论:体外培养14 d后的CD34 细胞仍保持了体内植入和重建造血的能力, 且其多系造血重建能力优于新鲜CD34 细胞.     

转IL—3基因的骨髓基质细胞体外以造血功能的促进作用

目的 探讨用逆转录病毒载体转入mIL-3基因的基质细胞系QXMSC1对骨央造血细胞前体的影响。方法 用含鼠IL－3基因的逆转录病毒载体感染骨央基质细胞系QXMSC1，获得IL－3高表达细胞系QXMSC1 IL－3用于实验，观察QXMSC1 IL－3细胞上清对骨央前体细胞CFU－GM、CFU－E、CFU－GEMM的影响，QXMSC1 IL－3基质细胞对长期培养起始细包的影响。结果 QXMSC1 IL－3培养上清对骨髓前体细胞、CFU－GM、CFU－E、CFU－GEMM有明显促进作用。QXMSC1 IL－3能明显增加有核细胞数和长期培养起始细胞数，诱导分化形成CFU－GM增多，阻断基质细胞与造血细胞相互接触，QXMSC1 IL－3促造血细胞增殖作用有所减弱。结论 基质QXMSC1 IL－3可能作为有效的基因载体进一步促进骨髓移植后或辐射损伤后的造血和免疫功能重建。     

CD34免疫亲合柱在脐血造血干/祖细胞分离与扩增中的应用

目的 :观察CD34免疫亲合柱对脐血造血干 祖细胞分离纯化的效果及纯化后CD34 细胞的增殖分化特性。方法 :采用CD34免疫亲合柱分离脐血单个核细胞 (MNC)中的CD34 细胞 ,流式细胞技术 (FACS)进行细胞表面标志测定。将分离前后的细胞加入造血生长因子进行液态扩增培养和多向祖细胞集落 (CFU GEMM)培养。结果 :经CD34免疫亲合柱分离后脐血中CD34 细胞为 49 6 2 %± 17 6 9% ,明显高于脐血MNC(1 17%± 0 6 8% ) ,细胞回收率为 5 4 38%± 11 91%。分离后CD34 细胞和脐血MNC经造血生长因子刺激培养 2 0d分别扩增 5 6 1 0 0倍和 44 44倍。培养至 12d时 ,免疫亲合柱分离组CD34 细胞阳性率为 5 3 38% ,对照组为 7 91%。分离组CFU GEMM产率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :CD34免疫亲合柱应用于脐血造血干 祖细胞的分离可充分富集CD34 细胞 ,且分离后的CD34 细胞具有明显的增殖效应和CFU GEMM形成能力。     

短程大剂量格拉诺赛特动员自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病

目的 报导短程大剂量格拉诺赛特(rhG—CSF)动员外周血造血于细胞,进行自体外周血造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗急性白血病.方法rhG—CSF,500μg/d皮下注射4天,第5、6天单采外周血单个核细胞(MNC),行CFU—GM培养,CD34~ 细胞计数.予MAC方案预处理.回输自体外周血造血干细胞(APBSC).结果 动员后CFU—GM明显增高,CD 34~ 细胞增多.骨髓造血功能重建迅速.     

TGF-β1和/或TNF-α反义PS-ODNS对造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的作用

目的：研究TGF-β1和／或TNF—α反义硫代寡核苷酸(PS—ODNS)对造血干／祖细胞体外扩增的调节作用。方法：采用免疫磁珠分离技术从新鲜脐带血中分离CD34^ 细胞，用淋巴细胞分离液从骨髓血中分离单个核细胞，应用液体培养及造血祖细胞集落分析检测TGF-β1和／或TNF—α反义PS—ODNS对CD34^ 细胞数及多向性造血祖细胞(CFU—mix)、粒-单祖细胞(CFU—GM)、红系祖细胞(BHU—E和CFU—E)集落数的影响。结果：培养体系中加入TGF-β1反义PS—ODNS后CD34^ 细胞数、CFU—mix、CFU—GM、BFU—E和CFU—E集落数分别是对照组(仅加细胞因子组)的4、2．6、2．7、1．8、2．1倍；加入TNF—α反义PS—ODNS后CD34^ 细胞数、CFU—mix、CFU—GM、BHU—E和CFU—E集落数分别是对照组的4、2．9、2．6、1．7、1．8倍；同时加入TGF-β1和TNF—α反义PS—ODNS后CD34^ 细胞数、CFU—mix、CFU—GM、BHU—E和CFU—E集落数分别是对照组的5．3、2．1、2．7、1．9、1．8倍。结论：采用反义PS—ODNS阻断内源性TGF-β1和TNF—α是造血干／祖细胞体外扩增的有效措施之一。     

T淋巴细胞清除促进脐血造血细胞的体外扩增

采用抗CD3或抗CD8单克隆抗体的补体细胞毒方法清除脐血单个核细胞 (MNC )中T淋巴细胞 ,CD34免疫亲和柱纯化MNC中CD34 +细胞 ,流式细胞技术 (FACS )分析细胞表面标志。将CD34 +细胞中加入含多种造血生长因子的培养基进行体外液态扩增 ,并观察粒 巨噬集落 (CFU GM )和多向祖细胞集落 (CFU GEMM )形成能力。结果CD3+或CD8+细胞清除组和MNC经CD34免疫亲和柱纯化后 ,CD34 +细胞分别为 5 9 5 2 %、 5 6 70 %和 5 0 72 % ,比未纯化组 (1 0 7% )纯度大幅度提高。抗CD3单抗清除 +CD34纯化组和单纯CD34纯化组经造血生长因子刺激培养第 14天 ,细胞总数分别扩增 110 40倍和 87 0 0倍。抗CD3单抗清除 +CD34纯化组、抗CD8单抗清除 +CD34纯化组和单纯CD34纯化组的CFU GM产率分别为 2 86 5 0± 12 0 2、2 88 5 0± 17 68和 2 19 5 0± 5 3 0 3,前者虽高于后者 ,但差异无显著性。CFU GEMM产率分别为 376 67± 43 2 4、 438 33± 36 73和 311 0 0± 40 11,抗CD3单抗清除 +CD34纯化组无显著差异 ,抗CD8单抗清除 +CD34纯化组显示出显著性作用 (P <0 0 5 )。     

脐血造血干/祖细胞移植SCID小鼠的实验研究

目的 :检测扩增后脐血造血干 祖细胞的体内移植能力和造血活性 ,建立脐血细胞体外扩增优化方案和体内移植的SCID小鼠模型。方法 :采用无基质接触的液体悬浮培养方法扩增脐血CD34 细胞 ,将扩增前后的细胞移植给预先经过亚致死量辐照的SCID小鼠 ,4w后通过免疫荧光标记、PCR等检测存活小鼠体内的人源细胞。结果 :连续培养一定时间后 ,FL TPO SCF IL 6组脐血细胞得到持续扩增 ,并能维持一定比例的CD34 细胞 ;SCF IL 3 IL 6 GM CSF EPO组在第 2周时集落形成数已降低 ,第 4周时集落形成的细胞、CD34 细胞已基本检测不到。移植至少 4w后 ,在存活小鼠体内检测到人CD4 5 细胞和Alu基因。结论 :因子组合FL TPO CSF IL 6可以有效扩增脐血CD34 细胞 ,而且扩增后的细胞具有较高的移植效率和造血活性     

人胎盘CD133+细胞具有高增殖潜能集落形成细胞特性

目的 通过对人胎盘CD133⁺细胞群中高增殖潜能集落形成细胞(HPP-CFC)检测与生物学特性的分析，证明人胎盘存在早期造血干/祖细胞（HSPC）。 方法 采用机械法制备人胎盘组织（PT）单细胞悬液，用Histopaque-1007分离出单个核细胞(MNC)，经磁式分选（MACS）富集CD133⁺细胞，培养28 d后观察HPP-CFC集落形成能力，用流式细胞仪（FCM）对分选的细胞组份和HPP-CFC进行表型分析，实验全程用脐带血（UCB）作平行比较分析。 结果 培养28 d后，PT-CD133⁺与UCB-CD133⁺细胞组份分别扩增了266和362倍，前者低于后者（P<0.01）；PT-CD133⁺与UCB-CD133⁺细胞中HPP-CFC分别为(32.4±11.2)/5×10³、(17. 7±5.7)/5×10³，前者形成的HPP-CFC数量明显高于后者（P<0.01）；PT-CD133⁺、UCB-CD133⁺细胞培养至28 d时，除UCB-CD133⁺组的CD133⁺CD34^-亚群比例无明显改变外，CD133⁺CD34⁺、CD133^-CD34⁺和CD133⁺CD34^-（PT-CD133⁺组）亚型均比培养前减少。 结论 人胎盘组织CD133⁺细胞中存在HPP-CFC，说明胎盘CD133⁺细胞群中存在早期HSPC。     

Characterization of a lineage-negative stem-progenitor cell population optimized for ex vivo expansion and enriched for LTC-IC

Current hematopoietic stem cell transplantation protocols rely heavily upon CD34+ cells to estimate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) yield. We and others previously reported CD133+ cells to represent a more primitive cell population than their CD34+ counterparts. However, both CD34+ and CD133+ cells still encompass cells at various stages of maturation, possibly impairing long-term marrow engraftment. Recent studies demonstrated that cells lacking CD34 and hematopoietic lineage markers have the potential of reconstituting long-term in vivo hematopoiesis. We report here an optimized, rapid negative-isolation method that depletes umbilical cord blood (UCB) mononucleated cells (MNC) from cells expressing hematopoietic markers (CD45, glycophorin-A, CD38, CD7, CD33, CD56, CD16, CD3, and CD2) and isolates a discrete lineage-negative (Lin-) cell population (0.10% +/- 0.02% MNC, n=12). This primitive Lin- cell population encompassed CD34+/- and CD133+/- HSPC and was also enriched for surface markers involved in HSPC migration, adhesion, and homing to the bone marrow (CD164, CD162, and CXCR4). Moreover, our depletion method resulted in Lin- cells being highly enriched for long-term culture-initiating cells when compared with both CD133+ cells and MNC. Furthermore, over 8 weeks in liquid culture stimulated by a cytokine cocktail optimized for HSPC expansion, TPOFLK (thrombopoietin 10 ng/ml, Flt3 ligand 50 ng/ml, c-Kit ligand 20 ng/ml) Lin- cells underwent slow proliferation but maintained/expanded more primitive HSPC than CD133+ cells. Therefore, our Lin- stem cell offers a promising alternative to current HSPC selection methods. Additionally, this work provides an optimized and well-characterized cell population for expansion of UCB for a wider therapeutic potential, including adult stem cell transplantation.     

Human progenitor cells rapidly mobilized by AMD3100 repopulate NOD/SCID mice with increased frequency in comparison to cells from the same donor mobilized by granulocyte colony stimulating factor.

AMD3100 inhibits the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4, and rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation. However, the repopulating function of human cells mobilized with AMD3100 has not been characterized in comparison to cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the same donor. Therefore, healthy donors were leukapheresed 4 hours after injection with AMD3100; after 10 days of drug clearance the same donor was mobilized with G-CSF, allowing a paired comparison of repopulation by mobilized cells. Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNC) or purified CD34(+) cells was compared at limiting dilution into NOD/SCID mice. Human AMD3100-mobilized MNC possessed enhanced repopulating frequency in comparison to G-CSF-mobilized MNC from paired donors, and purified CD34(+) progenitors were at least as efficient as the G-CSF mobilized cells. The frequencies of NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRC) were 1 SRC in 8.7 x 10(6) AMD3100-mobilized MNC compared to 1 SRC in 29.0 x 10(6) G-CSF-mobilized MNC, and 1 SRC in 1.2 x 10(5) AMD3100-mobilized CD34(+) cells compared to 1 SRC in 1.8 x 10(5) G-CSF-mobilized CD34(+) cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of transplanted progenitors was similar after AMD3100 or G-CSF-mobilization. Thus, AMD3100 mobilized peripheral blood represents a rapidly obtained, highly repopulating source of hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation.     

Ad-hLIF转基因饲养层细胞对CD34+造血干/祖细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的 用腺病毒载体介导的人白血病抑制因子基因(Ad-hLIF)感染WI-38人胚肺成纤维细胞制备饲养层细胞,体外观察转基因细胞对CD34+造血干/柑细胞增殖和分化的影响,体内研究对辐射损伤SCID小鼠造血功能恢复的效果.方法 用RT-PCR和ELISA法鉴定Ad-hLIF转基因饲养层细胞目的 基因的表达后,将经免疫磁珠法分离和流式细胞术检测后的CD34+细胞在饲养层和/或细胞因子培养体系中扩增28 d,检测不同时间点的单个核细胞(MNC)数量及CD34+细胞阳性率;扩增后的MNC经CFDA SE荧光标记后移植入辐射损伤SCID小鼠体内,RT-PCR和细胞荧光标记法检测小鼠内含Alu基因人源细胞的门巢情况.结果 感染50MOI(multiplicity of infection)Ad-hLIF的饲养层细胞均有绿色荧光,RT-PCR和ELISA法结果 显示hLIF目的 基因能在WI-38饲养层细胞中表达,免疫磁珠法分离的CD34+造血干/祖细胞经流式细胞术检测其纯度可达95.60%±2.58%,MNC在Ad-hLIF转基因饲养层培养体系持续扩增,最高可达356.95±0.87倍,其中CD34+细胞仪在0～14 d能维持较高水平,最高可扩增52.11±1.13倍,以后逐渐降低.将其移植辐射损伤SCID小鼠后,可明显提高小鼠存活率,4周内小鼠骨髓中不仅可观察到CFDA SE荧光标记的细胞,而且经RT-PCR法搭定后.还可检测到表达Alu人源基因的人脐血造血归巢细胞.结论 成功建立的Ad-hLIF转基因饲养层细胞不仅体外可以有效地扩增CD34+造血干/祖细胞,并延缓其分化.扩增的CD34+细胞对辐射损伤SCID小鼠具有造血功能恢复的功能.     

Analysis of primitive CD34- and CD34+ hematopoietic cells from adults: gain and loss of CD34 antigen by undifferentiated cells are closely linked to proliferative status in culture

There is limited understanding of CD34- hematopoietic cells and the linkage between CD34 antigen expression and cell proliferation. In this study, early CD34- CD38- LIN- (CD34-) cells were purified from mobilized adult peripheral blood and carefully analyzed in vitro for growth and modulation of CD34. Mobilized CD34+CD38- LIN- (CD34+) cells were used for comparison. Expression of CD34, CD38, and LIN antigens was determined, and proliferative responses were assessed with PKH tracking dye, expression of Ki67 antigen, and uptake of pyronin Y. Suspension cultures of adult CD34- cells generated CD34+ cells and progenitors for >8 weeks. Stromal cultures demonstrated the presence of long-term culture-initiating cells within the CD34- fraction. While CD34- cells were slower to initiate growth than the CD34+ cells were, no significant difference in hematopoietic cell output was found. Upon cultivation of CD34- cells, CD34 antigen appeared within 48 hours but was restricted to those cells that had initiated growth. Surprisingly, CD34+ precursors lost CD34 expression in culture if they remained in G0 for more than 2 days. Those cells later regained expression of CD34 antigen upon initiation of growth. Comparison of cells that did or did not rapidly modulate CD34 antigen revealed no differences in long-term growth potential. In conclusion, in vitro expression of CD34 by CD34- and CD34+ populations is tightly linked to cellular proliferation. In this culture system, expression of CD34 antigen by LIN- cells constitutes an early hallmark of growth. Measurement of CD34 expression by LIN- cells in expansion culture underestimates the total content of hematopoietic cells.     

Cobblestone area-forming cells in human cord blood are heterogeneous and differ from long-term culture-initiating cells

The long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay is a physiological approach to the quantitation of primitive human hematopoietic cells. The readout using identification of cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) has gained popularity over the LTC-IC readout where cells are subcultured in a colony-forming cell assay. However, comparing the two assays, cord blood (CB) mononuclear cell (MNC) samples were found to contain a higher frequency of CAFC than LTC-IC (126 +/- 83 versus 40 +/- 31 per 10(5) cells, p = 0.0001). Overall, 60% of week-5 cobblestones produced by CB MNC were not functional LTC-IC and were classified as "false." Separation of CB MNC using immunomagnetic columns showed that false cobblestones were CD34(-)/lineage(+). Purified CD34(+) cells, as expected, gave very similar readouts in the two assays, with 4,084 and 3,468/10(5) cells being CAFC and LTC-IC, respectively. CD34(-)/lineage(-) cells did not form cobblestones or become CD34(+) on stroma or in cytokine culture. Human CB MNC contain a population of mature lineage(+) cells, possibly mature T or B cells, which, although producing cobblestone areas (CA), are not functional LTC-IC. The CAFC readout by this method, therefore, is unreliable for estimation of primitive hematopoietic cells by limiting dilution analysis in whole human CB or MNC and also may not detect CD34(-) CA stem cells.