眼底荧光血管造影在眼挫伤中的临床应用及分析

目的:探讨眼挫伤的眼底改变及眼底荧光血管造影(fundusfluorescein angiography,FFA)的表现。方法:对272例325眼眼挫伤分别经直接检眼镜和三面镜检查及FFA检查并进行分析结果:眼挫伤可导致视功能严重受损,主要原因为视网膜、视神经的损伤,常见的有视网膜震荡、视网膜出血、黄斑裂孔、脉络膜破裂、出血,视网膜脱离和视神经损伤,其中以视网膜震荡多见。结论:对于眼挫伤都应常规检查眼底,条件允许的情况下都要行FFA检查,以判断眼底的损伤部位及程度。     

眼挫伤荧光素眼底血管造影临床分析

目的 分析眼挫伤眼底改变及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)的表现.方法 对268例(339只眼)眼挫伤经直接检眼镜和三面镜检查及FFA检查.结果 眼挫伤视功能严重受损的主要原因是视网膜、视神经受损,常见的有视网膜震荡、视网膜出血、黄斑裂孔、脉络膜破裂、出血,视网膜脱离和视神经损伤.其中以视网膜震荡多见.结论 对于眼挫伤患者,只要屈光间质清晰,都应检查眼底,行FFA检查,以判断眼底病损伤部位及损害程度.     

荧光素眼底血管造影在眼挫伤诊断中的应用

目的分析眼挫伤后荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）的临床表现。方法对68例（78眼）眼球挫伤行眼底血管荧光造影检查。结果视网膜震荡43眼中33眼FFA表现为视网膜动脉静脉稍迂曲、黄斑区点状透见荧光。10眼FFA表现为低荧光，无荧光渗漏。视网膜出血8眼FFA表现出血区荧光遮蔽。脉络膜裂伤9眼FFA表现为血管下方弧形弱荧光、造影晚期呈高荧光。黄斑孔6眼：其中板层孔4眼，FFA未见异常荧光；全层孔2眼FFA显示为黄斑区圆形透见荧光。视神经挫伤12眼FFA表现视盘毛细血管扩张及渗漏，晚期呈强荧光；其中1眼视盘灌注时间晚于视网膜中央动脉灌注。结论眼底血管荧光造影能及时准确地了解眼球挫伤后损伤部位和程度，为指导临床诊疗提供依据，应作为眼球挫伤的常规检查。     

眼球挫伤25例眼底荧光血管造影分析

眼球受到外力的钝性打击，常常会引起眼内多种组织的损伤，其中以视神经、视网膜受伤为视功能障碍的主要原因。我科于1997年3－11月就诊的眼球挫伤，并以眼底受伤为主的25例25眼患者进行眼底荧光血管造影分析。临床资科本组25例，男19例，女6例，年龄最大57岁，最小20岁，平均29．5岁，右眼16例，左眼9例，均为单眼，受伤方式为拳打、球台、木棒、气体冲击等。就诊时间2－60天，以眼底受损为主，经眼底荧光血管造影检查，发现视网膜水肿8例、视网膜、视神经水肿4例，单纯视神经水肿2例，脉络膜、色素上皮破裂4例，黄斑裂孔2例，视网膜下出血…     

眼球钝挫伤眼底荧光血管造影所见

对1985年7月至1991年12月期间的66例眼球钝挫伤行眼底荧光血管造影检查。重点描述了视网膜震荡伤、眼底出血、黄斑裂孔、脉络膜撕裂及视神经挫伤的造影所见，它们对临床诊断、发病机理 、治疗、预后均有一定的参考价值。 （中华眼底病杂志，1993，9：47-48）     

眼球钝挫伤后眼底损伤的表现及分型探讨

目的:探讨眼球钝挫伤后眼底损害的表现以及分类。方法:185例(185眼)眼球钝挫伤完整资料,对直接检眼镜和眼底荧光血管造影检查结果,结合中心视力损害程度进行分析。结果:眼球钝挫伤后影响视功能的眼底常见损害有视网膜震荡、视网膜出血、黄斑裂孔、脉络膜破裂、视网膜脱离和视神经损伤等。依据造影检查提供的视网膜组织损伤的形态学特点、部位,结合中心视力损害的程度,临床大体分为轻度、中度和重度三型。其中轻度31例,占16%;中度101例,占55%;重度53例,占29%。结论:眼球挫伤后眼底损害表现复杂多样,造影检查提供图像资料有利于对照观察和治疗。依据眼底造影图像、中心视力检查结合视网膜解剖学特点进行分型有利于判定病情,指导预后。     

眼挫伤32例42眼眼底荧光血管造影联合视觉电生理分析

目的:观察眼挫伤后进行眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)联合视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential,VEP)和视网膜电图(electroretinigram,ERG)的特点和临床意义。方法:对32例42眼眼挫伤患者进行FFA,ERG和VEP检查。结果:FFA检查,视网膜震荡伤16眼(38.0%),视网膜挫伤9眼(21.4%),视神经损伤22眼(52.3%)黄斑裂孔2眼(4.7%),脉络膜破裂7眼(9.7%)。视觉电生理检查:32眼(76.1%)挫伤引起闪光ERG的a,b波波幅下降,视力<0.1者26眼(61.9%)闪光VEP的P波潜伏期延迟,波幅下降趋势明显。结论:FFA联合视觉电生理检查对眼挫伤引起的视网膜视神经改变能进行客观、可靠的评价。     

眼挫伤后脉络膜病变FFA及ICGA的对比观察

目的 应用荧光素和吲哚青绿眼底血管造影，了解眼挫伤后脉络膜血管的病变。方法 应用德国Heidelberg共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影技术对眼挫伤患者16例（17眼）进行荧光素和吲哚青绿血管造影检查，观察脉络膜血管的异常变化。结果 17眼中，眼底荧光素血管造影显示视网膜血管充盈时间和血管形态大致正常，显示高网膜渗漏5眼。眼底吲哚青绿血管造影显示局限性脉络膜充盈延迟16眼、血管扩张5眼、荧光遮蔽2眼及吲哚青绿渗漏8眼。结论 由于脉络膜血管主要供应视膜外层，因此外伤性视网膜脉络膜病变对视功能影响很大，吲哚青绿血管造影提供了对各种程度脉络膜血管损害的分析依据。     

眼挫伤引起的眼底损害253例临床分析

目的探讨眼挫伤导致的眼底损害的诊断和治疗。方法对眼挫伤病例，详细检查眼底并结合荧光素眼底血管造影及视觉电生理检查。治疗给予脱水、激素治疗、抗感染及补充维生素类药物等，发生视网膜脱离者进行手术治疗。结果眼挫伤伴眼底损害的患者253例，经早期诊断治疗后视力得到较好的恢复。结论眼挫伤应详细检查眼底，并结合荧光素眼底血管造影及视觉电生理检查，以早期发现眼底损害，从而早期治疗，减少视力损害。     

外伤性脉络膜破裂18例眼底荧光血管造影分析

眼挫伤是外界机械性钝力引起，可造成眼内多种结构的改变，常常累及脉络膜，视网膜和视神经，导致永久性视功能障碍。其中，脉络膜破裂比较常见。眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）对诊断有一定价值。     

A case of evulsion of the optic nerve

We examined a 2-year-old child with optic nerve evulsion after facial contusion. The optic nerve head could not be seen because of overlying preretinal and vitreous hemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated no infusion of dye into the central retinal artery in the right eye. The electroretinogram was subnormal, and visual evoked potential revealed poor response with right eye stimulation. Ten days later, the fundus could not be seen due to vitreous opacity, so pars plana vitrectomy was performed 62 days after injury and optic nerve evulsion was recognized. This case revealed the possibility of traumatic optic nerve evulsion, even if only very slight skin injury were found around the orbital and ocular regions.     

视神经挫伤后的眼底血管造影

目的：用荧光素眼底血管造影（Fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)和吲哚青绿血管造影（Indocyanine green angiography,IGGA)探讨视神经挫伤后，视神经及周围视网膜，脉络膜的循环改变。方法：对30例（30只眼）不同程度的眼球挫伤致视神经损伤的患者进行FFA与ICGA同步检查，并对它们的图像进行分析（本组除外脉络膜破裂）。结果：除1例视盘及周围视网膜，脉络膜荧光大致正常外，其余29例均出现了异常的荧光表现。FFA主要表现为：在造影早期视盘呈象限性或全视盘性的荧光充盈不良，后期荧光素渗漏或始终不能充盈，ICGA主要表现为：在FFA显示的视盘象限性弱荧光区的相邻区域脉络膜充盈时间明显延迟；FFA显示的全视盘性的弱荧光，盘周的脉络膜充盈时间明显延长，在局限性脉络膜灌注不良的对应区均出现了视网膜色素上皮（Retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)的损害，而盘周脉络膜灌注不良的区域，有9例相应区视网膜并未出现RPE的损害；有2例合并视网膜分支动脉阻塞；有19例视盘缺血的部分正是“分水区”的位置，占63.3%，本组病例中有80%视力在0.1以下。结论：眼球挫伤不仅可使视神经损伤，其周围的视网膜，脉络膜均可受到损害，应尽早施行FFA与ICGA检查，它可以详细观察，正确判断视神经挫伤后的视盘缺血情况及周围视网膜，脉络膜损害的范围和程度，及时正确地指导治疗。     

视乳头切开术治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞12例报告

目的:探讨视乳头切开术治疗缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞的临床疗效.方法:缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞患者12例.术前患者均行眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查.手术常规做玻璃体切割,应用显微玻璃体视网膜切开刀,以鼻侧视乳头边缘为中心,垂直刺入达最宽处为止.术后1,3,6mo行眼底照像、FFA检查.结果:术中,视乳头切开后均可见视盘近端视网膜静脉充盈增加,9例术中穿刺时有少量出血,未经特殊处理均很快停止,1例术中发生局限性视网膜下出血.术后1mo内,11例患者视网膜或黄斑水肿均减轻或消退.术后3mo,患者行眼底照像、FFA检查结果均显示视网膜出血吸收,黄斑水肿消退;10例视力较术前提高(80%).1例保持不变,1例术中发生局限性视网膜下出血者术后视力下降.结论:视乳头切开术是安全有效的手术,有助于视网膜内出血、渗出及黄斑水肿的消退,部分患者视力可得到改善.     

Optical coherence tomography characteristics of a hemorrhagic detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium after blunt trauma

PURPOSE: To report traumatic, hemorrhagic detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium that was detected by optical coherence tomography. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 17-year-old boy with hemorrhagic fundus lesions caused by blunt ocular trauma was examined by optical coherence tomography and angiography. RESULTS: Initially, two dark red, mounded lesions were seen, with one in the macula and the other adjacent to the optic disk. The lesions blocked the fluorescence on fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated dome-shaped elevations of the retinal pigment epithelium at each lesion. Four months later, the retinal pigment epithelium detachments disappeared in the tomography images, and no scarring was evident ophthalmoscopically. Small choroidal ruptures were detected in each lesion by angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography was useful in evaluating the site of the hemorrhage in the chorioretinal layers caused by blunt ocular trauma.     

Bilateral Multifocal Chorioretinitis and Optic Neuritis due to Epstein-Barr Virus: A Case Report

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus that mainly causes infectious mononucleosis. Ocular manifestations are rare and typically mild. Only a few cases of EBV involving the retina or the optic nerve have been reported. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old man with bilateral chorioretinitis and optic neuritis due to EBV. The patient had no previous ocular history and presented with decreased vision in both eyes. His past medical history included EBV encephalopathy, which was confirmed serologically, a few months before. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral chorioretinitis and optic neuritis, confirmed by fluorescein angiography as well as electrophysiological tests (visual evoked potentials and electroretinogram). It is very important to include EBV in the differential diagnosis of chorioretinal atrophic lesions. Clinicians should be aware of ocular manifestations of EBV, in order to suggest ophthalmological examination and start treatment promptly before irreversible damage to the optic nerve or retina occurs.Key Words: Epstein-Barr virus, Retina, Chorioretinitis, Optic neuritis     

Linear pattern of West Nile virus-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization

PURPOSE: To clarify the reason for the linear pattern of West Nile virus (WNV)-associated chorioretinitis. METHODS: The study included 12 patients (24 eyes) with WNV-associated chorioretinitis. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including dilated fundus examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Characteristics of linear streaks, particularly their relationship to the course of retinal and choroidal vessels, and pattern of retinal nerve fibres, were analysed. RESULTS: All patients had bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis with linear clustering of chorioretinal lesions associated with a variable number of scattered lesions. Linear streaks, variable in number and length, originated from the optic disc or its vicinity in most cases. Their course in all cases appeared to closely follow the course of retinal nerve fibres, rather than that of retinal or choroidal vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study show that the linear pattern of WNV-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization, suggesting a contiguous spread of WNV virus from central nerve system via the optic nerve fibres to the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid.     

Indocyanine green angiographic features of choroidal rupture and choroidal vascular injury after contusion ocular injury

PURPOSE: To report features of choroidal rupture and choroidal vascular injury after contusion ocular injury on indocyanine green angiography. METHODS: In a prospective study, nine patients (nine eyes) with choroidal rupture after ocular contusion underwent initial fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography within 19 days after trauma. Eyes that had a distinct abnormality of the retinal pigment epithelium were excluded from this study. Subtraction indocyanine green angiography was also performed. Follow-up fluorescein angiographic and indocyanine green angiographic findings were also studied. RESULTS: Initial ophthalmoscopic examination revealed subretinal hemorrhage in all nine eyes. In five of the nine eyes, choroidal rupture was not seen on initial ophthalmoscopic or fluorescein angiographic examination because it was hidden beneath the subretinal hemorrhage, but it was detected on subsequent examinations. In the remaining four eyes, choroidal rupture was observed by ophthalmoscopy at the time of initial examination, and these eyes exhibited hyperfluorescent streaks on fluorescein angiography in the region of the subretinal hemorrhage. On initial indocyanine green angiography of all nine eyes, observed hypofluorescent streaks became more obvious with time. For each eye, there were more hypofluorescent streaks on indocyanine green angiography than hyperfluorescent streaks on fluorescein angiography. In one eye, the location of indocyanine green leakage nearly coincided with the location of a hyperfluorescent streak on fluorescein angiography. In this case, crescentic streaks of hypofluorescence were seen on the temporal side of the subretinal hemorrhage on indocyanine green angiography, although choroidal rupture was not observed in that region by ophthalmoscopy or fluorescein angiography. In two of the nine eyes, indocyanine green angiography and the subtraction technique demonstrated disturbance of flow into choroidal vessels, especially at the choroidal rupture site. CONCLUSION: After ocular contusion injury, various features of choroidal rupture and choroidal vascular injury were observed on indocyanine green angiography. This technique may contribute to the diagnosis of choroidal rupture and to the understanding of the clinical course after injury.